3

100000152

19-02-2017

.
, .

: 50-

: 1

/:

, .

West Grevenian, Grevenian, 2 3

:

i.ga, ma, sa: ,

ii.ge, me, se: ,
iii.fore, apore, korofare: ( )
iv.aklopre, afokre:
v.akon, amon:
vi.feroki, asketi, agari, apreti:
vii.feroke, askete, agare, aprete:
viii. mi, si, ti: ,
ix.me, se, te: ,
x.wo: ,
xi.wa: ,

West Grevenian ( Grevenian) .

WestGrevenian:

1. Fore ge feroke
2. Afokre ma asketi
3. Korofare
4. Aklopre
5. Aklopre akon agare
6. Fore ge feroke sa asketi amon agare
7. Mi fore se askete
8. Mi te korofare
9. Si afokre
10. Wo fore ge askete?
11. Wo wa apore?
12. Wo te apore?

. West Grevenian () ().

; () ()
; (
).

. Upper West Grevenian, West Grevenian

, ( West Grevenian
) :

1. Mi te korofare ga asketi

2. Mi korofare ge askete ma asketi

3. *Mi te korofare ge askete ma apreti
4. *Mi te korofare ge askete

( )
. (40 )

1. Fore ge feroke +
(.)+ (.)+.(.)

2. Afokre ma asketi +
(.)+ (.)+.(.)

3. Korofare
(.)

4. Aklopre
(.)

5. Aklopre akon agare + .

(.)++ .(.)

6. Fore ge feroke sa asketi amon agare +++ .

(.)+ (.)+.(.)+ (.)+.(.)++ .(.)

West Grevenian ,
--
:
) - ( )
, - (.2). ,
(
) (.1,3,4,5) .
) - ( )
- (.1,6). , 6
: --.
, (--). ,

:

= {}
= {} / {}
= {.} {}/{}
= ()

7. Mi fore se askete --
..() + (.) + (.) + .(.)

8. Mi te korofare --
..() + ..(.) + (.)

9. Si afokre -
..() + (.)

,
( --).

(-) (.7,9), (;)
( )
( ) (.8). ,
--, .

,

, Chomsky.

(6) (7)

6. Fore ge feroke sa asketi amon agare +++ .

7. Mi fore se askete --

-.

. -
() : --.

.
. , ( )
. :

= {}
= {} / {}
= {.} {}/{}

(6) Fore ge feroke sa asketi amon agare .

(7) (Mi fore se askete) Fore se askete mi ( mi )

( ),
, 7.

(;) (.8)

8. Mi te korofare --

( 6,7)
-
. (
) ( )
.
,
(--) (--),
...

10. Wo fore ge askete? --

..(.) + (.) + (.) + .(.)

11. Wo wa apore? --
..(.) + ..(.) + (.)

12. Wo te apore? --
..(.) + ..(.) + (.)

,
. ,
, - (Wo)
() (--) ,
(;) (-)
- (-, ),
, -.

, .
.
, (.
) Chomsky - [+Q]
, ,
(, , ) /

[+WH]
.

(10) Wo fore ge askete?

..
[+Q] [+WH-]

fore . Wo

ge askete

..
[+Q] [+WH-]

Wo

fore . trace

ge askete

[+WH] ()
6


, [+Q] , .
( ;)
,
.

(11) (
).
(11) Wo wa apore? --
..(.) + ..(.) + (.)

(
10) ( ).
[+WH]
, .
: -- (
.--). ( 8)
, ,
. , , -
, -
.

(12)
Wo te apore? --
..(.) + ..(.) + (.)

, ()
(). , ,
, ( ) .
.
(10,11).
,
8
, ,
.

, ,

,
.

.
West Grevenian
:

= {}
= {} / {}
= {.} {}/{}
= ()

Upper West Grevenian, West Grevenian,

:

() :
---2 (1. Mi te korofare ga asketi)
..() + ..(.) + (.) + (.) + .(.)

---2 (2. Mi korofare ge askete ma asketi)

..() + (.) + (.) + .(.) + (.) + .(.)

() :
---2 (*Mi te korofare ge askete)
---2-2 (*Mi te korofare ge askete ma apreti)

West Grevenian ( 1
8 2 7) -
.

:
1. Korofare te mi ga asketi. (---2)
Korofare te ga asketi mi. (--2-)

2. Korofare ge askete mi ma asketi. (---2)

Korofare ge askete ma asketi mi . (--2-)

...
=
=
={} {}

/
,
. , ..
..

, .. West
Grevenian.
-
. , - 1
.
-
- - ,
, (
. 7-9).

-
.

-.

.
.
,
( , )
( -),
.

,
(
).
.

.
:
, , . , /
(2000 ). (60 )

,
,
. , (.
, ..) ,
.
/ / .1

,
.2
,
( ) :
.

A.

i. / -

.

(.. , ) (contex), .
.3 Chomsky4,
, .5
, .
( )
. ,

1 (2012 ), .1.
2 (2012 ), .1.
3 (2012 ), .2.
4 Chomsky - ,

1957.
5 (2003), .4.

10


( ) ,
,
/. ,
Chomsky .

, .6

ii. 7

,
, (deep structure),
(-Surface)8
.9
.10

,
--, --.
, --
, --.11

, Taylor (1990), .. ..,

--, ,
(Chosmky 1981),
.12

iii.

Chomsky : .
,
.
13, ,
,
:14

6 (2012 ), .2. (2003), .5-7,30-31,34-35,39.

7
. (2012), .3.
, . .6 .1.1.2.
8 (iii)

.
9 (2012 ), .7-8.
10 (2003), .61. . 1 .
11 (2012 ), .7.
12 ( 2012), .9.
13 . (2013), .49.
14 (2003), .48-49,55.

11


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{} {} / {} {}

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, (, ,
) ( ).15

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,
.16 :

{}
{} /

;
;

, (
)
wh- (-). 17

Chomsky ,
, - [+Q],
(.. ) , (.. )
,
(.. ) .

15 (2003), .50.
16 (2003), .60,64-66.
17 (2003), .66-68.

12


[+Q] [-Q]. (trace).
, .18

[ +WH]
-
(.. )
.19

Chomsky ,
. , ,
( )
,
[ + ],
.20

( ) :

() : . {, , }

,


.21

,
. ,
, ,
( + ).
- (Wh-) + -
,
:22

() () () (.. , )

() () () (.. )

18 (2003), .69.
19 (2003), .73. , .. .74-83.
20 https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A4%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9 .
(2003), .120.
21 (2003), .105-110.
22 (2003), .120-124.

13


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24 (2012), .2.
25 (2012), .9-10.

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iii.

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/ .29

(Brunel, Bergson) .
Brunel , Bergson

.
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,
.30

, Bakker
/ .
/ / . ,
/ .31

26 (2012), .9-11.
27 (2012), .11-13.
28 (2012), .13-14.
29 (2012), .15-16.
30 (2012), .16-17.
31 (2012), .18.

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https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A4%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%B
C%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9

13 02 2017 12:30

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