Professional Documents
Culture Documents
433c Paper
433c Paper
Lauren Neff
Domestic violence is a destructive offense that affects all populations around the
world. The United States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as, a pattern of
abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and
control over another intimate partner (The United States Department of Justice,
2017). Domestic violence comes in many shapes and forms. It can come through physical,
sexual, emotional, economic or psychological acts. This includes behaviors that manipulate,
humiliate, frighten, coerce, blame, threaten, injure, terrorize, and isolate the partner (The United
The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence brings to light how prevalent this
problem is in the United States. Studies have shown that there are more than 20,000 phone calls
placed a day to domestic violence hotlines nationwide (The Center of Disease Control and
Prevention, 2017). Another eye-opening statistic is that one in four women and one in nine men
have been victims of some form of intimate partner violence within their lifetime (The Center of
Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). The Center of Disease Control gives a great visual
demonstration of the statistics for the number of men and women involved in abuse.
Healthy People 2020 has a goal to reduce the number of physical assaults happening in
the United States (IVP-32). They provide statistics based on the number of emergency
department visits for nonfatal physical assault injuries (Office of Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, 2017). Their baseline going into this research was 512.5 visits per 100,000
people. Their 2020 goal was to get down to 461.2 visits per 100,000 people (Office of Disease
As shown in the charts, their statistics have barely improved from 2008 to
2013. However, the statistics shown about the specific age group focused in this research (18 to
24 year olds) are even more extreme. This gives an idea as to how much more prone young
adults are to being victims of domestic violence and further supports the research project at
hand. Below is a chart that shows the number of ER visits that are due to physical violence,
As shown in the graph above, the rate of ER visits for 18 to 24 year olds is well above the
average for all other age groups, with the lowest year having 1,215.4 cases of nonfatal physical
assault. With every year of research, this age groups continues to have the most frequently
occurring ER visits. This demonstrates the needs for interventions to help prevent these
incidents from occurring. To help create a connection between the correlation of the number of
ER visit and the number of domestic violence cases, the U.S. Department of Justice states that
females who are between the ages 20 to 24 are at the greatest risk for nonfatal intimate partner
violence (The United States Department of Justice, 2017). Furthermore, the National Center of
Biotechnology Information published an article that states, from 2006-2009, there were 112,664
visits made to the United States ERs with an e-code for battering by a partner or spouse
(Davidov, Larrabee, & Davis, 2015). Below is a graph that describes the demographic statistics
of those ER visits. This helps solidify that there is still a staggering amount of annual ER visits
Population of Study
A research study will be conducted in Madison County, Idaho to find how prevalent
domestic violence is within this region. It will include males and females ages 18 to
24. Madison County has a total of 37,536 people (Bureau, 2016). Of that, there are 10,162 or
(27.1%) of people ages 20 to 24 (Bureau, 2016). This is the largest age group within the
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 7
community. It is also within the age group of the highest risk for nonfatal assault injuries
(Bureau, 2016). The median age within the county is 22.6 years of age (Bureau, 2016).
This is a very unique population when it comes to race, education, income, etc. Of this
population, 93.9% are Caucasian, 5.9% are Hispanic, 0.9% are Asian, 0.5% are African
American, and 0.3% are American Indian (Bureau, 2017). It also has a high percentage of
educated people. 95.4% of the population are high school graduates or higher (Bureau,
2016). The median household income is $32,233 with a poverty level of 35.7% (Bureau,
2017). Of the total population (32,536), there are 7,887 married couples (Bureau, 2016).
Some of the defining functions of Madison County include Brigham Young University -
Idaho, Rexburg Rapids, an airport, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints temple, the
Madison County Fair, and Teton Lakes Golf Course (Madison County, 2017). Of those most
defining and well-known institutions of Madison County is Brigham Young University - Idaho,
which is located in the city of Rexburg. This is a private college in affiliation with the Church of
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 8
Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Last Spring, there were a total of 18,844 students on campus
(BYU-Idaho, 2017). Of those students, 5,016 were married and 13,760 were single (BYU-Idaho,
2017). As far as ethnicity goes, 79% were Caucasian, 4.84% were Hispanic, and 0.74% were
African American, and 0.89% were Asian. Another important fact to consider for this research
study is age. In Spring 2017 there were also 15,632 students ages 18 to 24, or 83% (BYU-Idaho,
2017).
(Woolley, 2008)
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 9
(BYU-Idaho, 2017)
Madison County, interviews will be conducted as well as windshield surveys. This will allow
multiple insights from different sources and either confirm or deny that this is a problem within
the community. Interviews will be completed with the local Police Department, counselors
working at the local Family Crisis Center, and a member of Madison Countys 18 to 24 year old
population. As for windshield surveys, data will be collected on all the resources available to the
There a number of sources that can be used to gather data. Of these sources, four of the
most helpful will include the site for domestic abuse on the Center of Disease Control and
Prevention, domestic abuse webpage from the United States Department of Justice, the NCADV
(National Coalition Against Domestic Violence) webpage, and the BYU-Idaho Community
Resource webpage. These will help gather information about what is already known about the
issue and help judge where to make more improvements on a local community, state, and
PART 2: Assessment
Primary Data
The interviewees were contacted and interviewed separately. The same questions were
asked of each:
What does your job entail (when dealing with domestic violence)?
In the city you have a greater Well, Im not quite sure, but we have the My guess
volume of people and apartment statistics available. would have
complexes things like that. For to be around
the county, Id say we say we I have about 35 client's right now. It has 200.
get at least one to two calls a been growing though which is a good
week. thing. It means that people are getting the
helpwhich also means that we need more
[of the] the funding and resources to help
those coming forward.
What about the BYU-Idaho population puts them more at risk for domestic violence?
mashed together, especially, honestly, with the their forties and with no one physically
LDS lifestyle. You know, most of the rest of fifties. watching over them.
the population will live together for a few
months to a yeartheyre use to each other by They might think that
the time they get married. It doesnt mean its not a big deal, or
theyre not going to have their fights, but at they might make
that time, theyre not legally married. But we excuses.
have these young students that get married
after knowing each other for usually a very
short time, and then theyre put together and
are bugged by the littlest things. The major
factors would be that theyre a new
relationship, theyre going to school, so they
got financial stresses, and then family and all
the other stuff that goes along with marriage.
If they live out in the county and dont have One in three teens are now At least
close neighbors, I would say half. In an experiencing dating violence and 100 to 200
apartment complex where theyre yelling and one in four women are a month.
screaming at each other, half of the ones that experiencing domestic
get called in get called in by the violence. Those statistics should
neighbors. So going off of that, Ill say 25 say a lot. I think there are a lot of
percent. If all got called in in the county, Id cases that go unheard.
say we would have an uptick of about 50
percent.
All. Ive had domestics with victims 18 to 26 year Young adult so aroundyoung
70 years old. Absolutely. olds. married couples 24 to 30.
What resources are available to the victims of domestic violence in the community?
The Family Crisis Center is really the only resource No, I know of Church,
that we use. Their advocates are literally coming just us. We cover counseling
onto the scene to meet with the victim after the a large facilities, mental.
situation has settled. They are such a help to population.
officers. They provide so many resources like food, I dont know a
clothing, shelter, counseling, etc. whole lot about
resources available
I dont even interview victims unless theyre in Madison
there. I dont want them to have to tell the story County.
more than once, and usually the victim is female and
might feel comfortable talking to a big guy like me.
Do you think there is enough awareness of domestic violence in this community? If not, what
A windshield survey was conducted within this county. Because of the difficulty in
observing domestic violence, the survey was focused on the number of resources available to the
community. While driving throughout the county, there were four different locations that could
be considered a resource to victims of domestic violence. These included: The Family Crisis
Center, Rexburg Police Department, Sheriffs Department, and Madison County WIC.
Secondary Data
found on domesticshelter.org. It explained the correlation between ethnicity and the rate of
(53.8%) have been the victim of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate
partner in their lifetime. These rates are 30%-50% higher than those experienced by
(Demographics, 2015).
This provides a new perspective on the issue and can help determine if there is a more serious
issue happening in Madison County. As stated previously in this research paper, there is little
diversity in Madison County compared to other parts of the state and country (Bureau, 2017).
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 15
Yet, the rates of domestic violence are still extremely high. Does this suggest that the population
here is more at risk for domestic violence due to another risk factor? Perhaps age and financial
stability have a greater impact. More research needs to take place to determine why the rates of
Government Agencies. Several government agencies support the need to decrease the
rate of domestic violence that is happening nation-wide. The Center of Disease Control and
Prevention and The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) give powerful
statistics on the prevalence of this issue in the United States. As stated previously, one in four
women and one in seven men have been victims of severe physical violence by an intimate
Other. Domestic violence is often thought of as just physical abuse. Its important to
emphasis that abuse can come in many different forms. The Doorways for Women and Families
agency states that some forms of abuse can include ignoring, ridiculing, withholding, criticizing,
abandoning, threatening, etc. (Types, 2017). They explain, Emotional abuse is sometimes
harder than physical abuse to define and recognize. A bruise will heal but the damage to a
persons self esteem can last forever (Types, 2017). Educating the population about the
different types of abuse can help define and recognize when abuse is happening.
Validating Facts:
1. Madison County has resources available for those who need the help. One resource
previously mentioned is the Family Crisis Center located on Main Street in Rexburg,
Idaho. Their website provides statistics available to the public including how many cases
they see annually. This local organization has served 602 clients within the year of 2016
(Harris, 2017). As far as the state-wide statistics go, the Womens and Childrens
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 16
Alliance provided great insight. It states that on a single day, 559 victims of domestic
violence sought safety and services (WCA statistics, 2017). There were 6,084 police
reports in the state of Idaho, and since August 29, 2017 there have been 15 domestic
statistics states that one in four women and one in seven men have been victims of severe
physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime (Center of Disease Control and
Prevention, 2012).
2. The Family Crisis center also offers statistics on the age group that is most affected in
Madison County. Their statistics states that the age group affected most in this county is
24 to 44 year olds (Harris, 2017). The Idaho State Police Department also put out an
analysis on domestic violence during 2003. It states that the overall female victims
tended to be younger than male victims (Salvador, 2003). Below is a graph of the age
group affected by domestic violence in Idaho. It shows that the peak age group of those
affected by domestic violence include ages 25-34 (Salvador, 2003). The NCADV also
gives insight on the prevalence of this issue relating to the age of victims in the nation. It
explains that, Women between the ages 18-24 are most commonly abused by their
(Salvador, 2013)
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 17
3. Domestic violence has also been shown to happen more with lower income families. In
one of broachers presented at the Family Crisis Center, it explained that families of lower
income are at a higher risk for domestic violence (Harris, 2016). The State of Idaho put
out an analysis of intimate partner violence cases and states, Particular finding from the
ICVS years 2000 and 2001 pointed out higher rates of domestic violence for people in
lower income categories, implicating that incidence of domestic violence was found to be
inversely proportional to higher income levels (Salvador, 2003). The Bureau of Justice
households at or below the federal poverty level (FPL) (39.8 per 1,000) had more than
double the rate of violent victimization as persons in high-income household (16.9 per
1,000) (Household, 2016). With the median household income is $32,233 with a poverty
level of 35.7% in Madison county, it is apparent that there can be a link as to why there
4. The are also relationship with the frequency of domestic violence cases based on which
environment people live in (rural vs urban). Officer Courtney mentioned this topic
In the city you have a greater volume of people and apartment complexes things
like that. For the county, Id say we say we get at least one to two calls a
weekIf they live out in the county and dont have close neighbors, I would say
half. In an apartment complex where theyre yelling and screaming at each other,
half of the ones that get called in get called in by the neighbors. So going off of
that, Ill say 25 percent. If all got called in in the county, Id say we would have
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 18
In Idaho, the ICVS report states, Of particular importance, the ICVS 2001 found that
people from rural and urban areas were similarly likely to experience domestic violence,
but people from urban areas tend to be better at reporting such victimization (Salvador,
2003). The NCADV also states that, significantly more rural than urban women justify
DV against women who went out without telling their partners (NCADV, 2015).
5. During the interview with Deanna (Domestic Violence Advocate) she also handed a
brochure that explained the risk factors related to forthcoming cases. The brochure states
that there are definitely connections between domestic violence events and the use of
drugs or alcohol (Harris, 2016). The ICVS explains that, the ICVS consistently
reports that in more than 40% of incidents the offenders were under the influence of
alcohol or illicit drugs at the time of offense (Salvador, 2003). An interesting nation-
wide statistics site explains the relationship between domestic violence and substance
abuse. It states,
In reality, some abusers rely on substance use (and abuse) as an excuse for
becoming violent. Alcohol allows the abuser to justify his abusive behavior as a
result of the alcohol. While an abusers use of alcohol may have an effect on the
severity of the abuse or the ease with which the abuser can justify his actions, an
abuser does not become violent because drinking causes him to lose control of
There are several validating facts that can solidify that domestic violence is any issue and
people in Madison County are especially at risk when emphasis is put on these 5 facts.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 19
Data Similarities
The data that has been collected during assessment phase has proven to show a number of
similarities. One similarity between the data collected is the how prevalent this issue is in the
local, state, and national settings. In Madison County Family Crisis Center there were 602
clients in 2016 (Harris, 2017). This means that there were almost two new clients added every
day. In the state of Idaho there are 559 victims that seek safety every single day (WCA statistics,
2017). Nationally, again, the CDC confirms that one in four women and one in seven men have
been victims of severe domestic violence (Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).
The data also is consistent with females being the most victimized. Deanna, a domestic
violence advocate, mentioned in her interview that only 3 percent of the clients at the Family
Crisis Center are males (Deanna, personal communications, September 29th, 2017). Officer
Courtney also said that of the cases he has seen, 95 percent of the victims are females (Officer
Courtney, personal communications, September 24th, 2017). And again, the CDC statistics
states that there are more women who are abused than men (Center of Disease Control and
Prevention, 2012).
Another similarity found when conducting the interview was the number of victims in the
county that are students attending Brigham Young University - Idaho. Deanna states that,
Probably a fourth of the clients [are from Brigham Young University - Idaho] (Deanna,
personal communications, September 29th, 2017). Officer Courtney states, Just going off what
I hear, I would say half involve students from the University (Officer Courtney, personal
communications, September 24th, 2017). Although the Madison County Young adult doesnt
have much credibility, she states that she thinks around 38 percent of the victims in Madison
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 20
County are students. This is pretty consistent with what the officer and domestic violence
advocate were saying (Katie, personal communications, October 4th, 2017).[N1] The Family
Crisis Center website also shares that in the city of Rexburg there was a large number of victims
served. They state that in 2016, they helped 602 clients (Harris, 2016). With the similarities
found within the primary and secondary data, it is apparent that there is an unacceptable number
Data Differences
One difference that became apparent during the data collection process was the age
groups that are most commonly affected by domestic violence. Deanna states that she sees 18 to
26 year olds the most frequently. However, in 2016, the Family Crisis Center worked with
victims between the age of 24 to 44 (Harris, 2017). This is a much broader and older range than
other statistics share (Harris, 2017). The state statistics share that the peak age group of those
affected by domestic violence include ages 25 to 34, which is right after the age range that the
national level claims (Salvador, 2003). The national statistics explain that, women between the
ages 18 to 24 are most commonly abused by their intimate partner (NCADV, 2015). Even
though there usually is a more common age group within all these credible sources, there are
There were also differences in data when talking about which gender is most
affected. All of the data collected points towards women being the most affected by domestic
violence, which may very well be true. However, during the interviews a couple of unique
comments were made on the subject. Officer Courtney states, Out of all the cases of domestic
violence (heard and unheard), I bet that 75 percent of the victims are male (Officer Courtney,
personal communications, September 24th, 2017). Deanna also mentions, I would say that 30
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 21
communications, September 29th, 2017). Katie, a Madison County young adult, says, 50
percent, 50 percent. I think the ones that are unheard are mostly men (Katie, personal
communication, October 4th, 2017). There is an obvious disconnect to how many victims of
domestic violence are male and more research should take place.
When interviewing, there was a disconnect when talking about the resources available to
the community. Both the police officer and the domestic violence advocate mentioned that the
only resources that is available in Madison County was the Family Crisis Center. However,
when interviewing the young adult, she mentioned other resources that were not even thought of
to the professionals that work directly with these victims. She states, Church, counseling and
mental facilities (Katie, personal communications, October 4th, 2017). During a windshield
survey, there were four facilities that were seen. These four included the Family Crisis Center,
Rexburg Police Department, Sheriff's Department, and Madison County WIC. There needs to be
an increased awareness of all the resources available in the community. The Chicago
Metropolitan Battered Womens Network talks about how women may not always know what
resources are available to them. It states, They may not know of any available resources to
assist them. Even if they know of the resources, they may feel as though those resources wont
work for them, are not accessible to them, or have failed them in the past (Wright & Brown,
2014).
Strengths
1. The Family Crisis Center is an amazing resource available to the community. Deanna
states, I can help with food, housing, counseling. What we do here is victim
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 22
centered. In order for them to start [sic] healing, we need to empower them and thats
2. For the students on campus, there are resources available on the Brigham Young
University - Idaho webpage. It offers a site that lists all the community resources
available to students (as well as community members) who are struggling with domestic
3. In June of 2016, Madison County implemented the DVAC, or the Domestic Violence
primary focus on victim assistance, offender accountability, and efficiency in the judicial
system. The meeting will introduce the defense bar, service providers, and the general
public to the DVAC, as well as cover pertinent policies and procedures (News-
Democrat, 2016).
Challenges
1. Domestic Violence is often silenced. Victims often dont charge their offenders due to
fear, financial support, going through the honeymoon cycle, etc (The United States
2. There is not enough awareness of what resources are available in the community for
those suffering from domestic violence. Deanna stated, People dont know an eighth of
what resources are availableJust keep spreading the word about us. Whether its
through the nursing program or just fliers around the county (Deanna, personal
communications, September 29th, 2017). Officer Courtney also stated, awareness is the
biggest thing. We are working on getting the word out about The Family Crisis Center so
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 23
that we can spread the word and utilize it to our maximum capacity (Officer Courtney,
3. Madison County has a large number of younger, newly married adults who are at an
increased risk for experiencing domestic violence. During the interview with Deanna,
she mentions that the younger population is at an increased risk because of emotional
Courtney states, we have these young students that get married after knowing each other
for usually a very short time, and then theyre put together and are bugged by the littlest
things. The major factors would be that theyre in a new relationship, theyre going to
school, so they got financial stresses, and then family and all the other stuff that goes
2017).
The Family Crisis Center has served 602 clients within the year of 2016 (Harris, 2017).
One in three women and one in seven men have been victims of severe physical violence
by an intimate partner in their lifetime (Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).
Women between the ages 18-24 are most commonly abused by their intimate partner
(NCADV, 2015).
There were 6,084 police reports in the state of Idaho, and since August 29, 2017 there
Increase Awareness
Right now there is a lack of awareness within Madison County. Officer Courtney explains,
awareness is the biggest thing. We are working on getting the word out about The Family
Crisis Center so that we can spread the word and utilize it to our maximum capacity (Officer
school systems. This includes talking to elementary, middle, and high schools about what
domestic violence is and what can be done to prevent it. It is also important to talk to this
population about child abuse. Keeping domestic violence awareness programs going is another
great way to increase the awareness within the community. There should also be more
vocalization through things such as announcements within the local newspapers and stores.
difference, there should be a survey conducted every year for the next 10 years. Questions
within the survey would focus on questioning them about how many are affected within the
county as well as what qualifies for domestic violence. This would give a general idea of how
Educating Victims
violence complications is another way that improvements can be made to decrease the affects of
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 25
abuse. Many victims do not know what resources are available to them. Increased awareness of
what resources are available are crucial to helping victims. They also are often unaware of what
and other resources as well as classes that teach people what do when abuse occurs. Safety
precautions should be explained such as having a pre-planned escape route and collecting
important documents and storing them in a safe location (such as a family members home).
They also should be educated on the ways that resources can help them. Anything from
counseling to food and shelter is available through agencies such as The Family Crisis Center.
Evaluation. In order to evaluate this improvement, reports that measure how much help
was received from The Family Crisis Center will be reviewed. Police reports will also be
reviewed to determine what actions were taken by the victim to get out of the abusive situation.
Surveying the population will also help determine whether or not victims know what to do if
However, not everyone knows how to address the situation properly. There are several ways to
approach the victim or abuser that can either hurt the situation, or help it. If community
members are taught how to work with these difficult situations, help can be provided to the
is suspected. There are several safe phrases to tell both the abuser and the victim. When talking
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 26
to the victims, statements such as, Im concerned for your safety, I am so sorry that happened
to you, they have no right to do that, you are not alone and that sounds scary shows the
victim that what is happening is not normal and that they are deeply cared for. Statements such
as, how could you let him do that should be avoided because it puts the blame on the victim.
When talking to the abuser, statements such as, Is everything ok? make the person know that
they recognize something is not right. Caution should be taken when dealing with these abusers
because what is said could backfire and hurt the victim even further.
Evaluation. Assessing whether or not this implication has helped can be determined
through surveying after classes have been given. Surveying will allow the researchers to
understand what skills have been retained and will allow them to know what steps to take
forward.
Reflection
Through this research paper I have learned how important it is to be an advocate for those
I work with. This means being an advocate to family and friends but it also refers to our future
patients. Love is another value that is pertinent with this research topic. My eyes have been
opened to how often abuse happens and what needs to be done to decrease the rate of its
occurrence. One of the key principles in my church is to love one another. I had a lot of time to
Applying these two values to my practice as a nurse will tremendously help me connect
to my patients and help improve their health outcome. Being a patients advocate is one the
responsibilities given to the nurse. I now have a better understanding of the important of
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 27
standing up for what our patients want. If I share more love in my cares, the patients will have
My thought process before this project was more focused on the facts about domestic
violence. After researching the problem, emotion began to take over and I became truly
passionate about this problem. My concern regarding this health issue has increased
exponentially and I hope to continue to care and work towards decreasing the amount of
domestic violence cases. Again, it has taught me to be more kind and loving to those around me,
as well as to stand up for others and know their worth as a child of God.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN YOUNG ADULTS 28
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