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    This document summarizes two case studies on direct seeded rice: 1) Belgaum district, Karnataka, India where direct seeded rice has been practiced for over a century using dry tillage and broadcast seeding. 2) Sri Lanka which shifted from transplanting to direct seeding rice due to labor shortages. Direct seeding in Sri Lanka uses wet tillage and broadcasts pre-germinated seeds. Lessons from both cases found that direct seeding rice is viable where water and labor availability is low, and that varieties specially bred for direct seeding are key to obtaining high yields.

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    Dsr 1

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    This document summarizes two case studies on direct seeded rice: 1) Belgaum district, Karnataka, India where direct seeded rice has been practiced for over a century using dry tillage and broadcast seeding. 2) Sri Lanka which shifted from transplanting to direct seeding rice due to labor shortages. Direct seeding in Sri Lanka uses wet tillage and broadcasts pre-germinated seeds. Lessons from both cases found that direct seeding rice is viable where water and labor availability is low, and that varieties specially bred for direct seeding are key to obtaining high yields.

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    40 views13 pages

    DSR 1

    Uploaded by

    ashokkj
    This document summarizes two case studies on direct seeded rice: 1) Belgaum district, Karnataka, India where direct seeded rice has been practiced for over a century using dry tillage and broadcast seeding. 2) Sri Lanka which shifted from transplanting to direct seeding rice due to labor shortages. Direct seeding in Sri Lanka uses wet tillage and broadcasts pre-germinated seeds. Lessons from both cases found that direct seeding rice is viable where water and labor availability is low, and that varieties specially bred for direct seeding are key to obtaining high yields.

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    of 13

    Direct

    Direct Seeded
    Seeded Rice
    Rice

    Lessons
    Lessons from
    from
    Two
    Two Contrasting
    Contrasting Case
    Case Studies
    Studies

    Belgaum, India Sri Lanka


    Outline
    ™Direct Seeded Rice- Seeding methods
    ™Case studies: Karnataka (India) / Sri
    Lanka
    ™Driving forces for adoption
    ™Farming practices
    ™Benefits
    ™Opportunities for improvement
    ™Lessons learnt
    Methods of Direct Seeding
    Dry Seeding Wet Seeding

    Dry Tillage Wet Tillage

    Drill Sowing Broadcasting Drum Seeder Broadcasting


    (dry seeds) (sprouted seeds)
    Direct
    Direct Seeded
    Seeded Rice-
    Rice- Two
    Two Case
    Case Studies
    Studies
    Belgaun district, Sri Lanka
    Karnataka, India
    ¾Direct seeded rice: Dry ¾ Direct
    seeded rice: Wet
    drill sown broadcast sown
    ¾Practice for mare than ¾ Shiftfrom transplanted
    a century rice to DSR
    ¾DSR in uplands, ¾ DSR in all wet, dry and
    midlands and lowlands intermittent zones
    ¾ 15 % of total 1.45 m ¾ 95% of total 0.75 m ha
    ha area under DSR (in area under DSR
    Karnataka state)
    The Driving Forces for Adoption
    Belgaum, India
    Rainfed condition
    and gentle slope
    ↓
    Shortage of water
    ↓
    Dry tillage
    ↓
    Dry drill sowing
    The Driving Forces for Adoption
    Both tank irrigated & rainfed, Sri Lanka
    Plain as well as sloppy
    topography
    ↓
    Plenty of water available in
    wet season, but shortage in
    dry season
    ↓
    Labour shortage
    ↓
    Transplanting expensive
    ↓
    Wet tillage
    ↓
    Direct seeded rice
    Farming Practices
    Practices Belgaum, India Sri Lanka
    Tillage Dry Wet
    Seeding Dry, broadcast Wet, pre-germinated
    broadcast
    Seed rate 100 kg ha-1 75-100 kg ha-1
    Season Wet Mainly wet, also dry
    Varieties Non-specific Developed for DSR
    Fertilizer Sub-optimal Optimal
    Weed control No herbicides Mostly by herbicides
    Irrigation No Tanks/canals
    Yields 3.2-4.5 Mg ha-1 5.5-7.5 Mg ha-1
    Benefits

    Belgaum, India Sri Lanka


    Water shortage Labor shortage
    overcome overcome
    Use of family labor for Costs reduced
    weed control
    Returns sustainable Returns sustainable
    Opportunities for Improvement

    Belgaum Sri Lanka


    Tillage Reduce tillage operations Reduce tillage
    operations
    Seeding Improvement in seed drill Drum seeder and
    seedling broadcast
    Seed rates Reduce seed rate Reduce seed rate

    N application Plant need-based Plant need-based


    application application
    P, K and micro- SSNM SSNM
    nutrients
    Weeding Judicious use of herbicide Avoid excessive use

    Varieties Develop varieties for DSR


    Lessons Learnt
    „ Variety specially bred for direct seeding is the
    key
    „ Possible to obtain higher yields with DSR
    „ DSR is preferred to TPR in areas with low
    water availability
    „ Direct seeding is a viable option in areas with
    shortage of water and labor
    „ Large scale adoption of DSR is possible
    „ Coordinated efforts of public and private
    sectors are important
    „ Monitor the threat of herbicide resistance due
    to continuous use of a few selected herbicides
    CASE STUDY 1.
    Belgaun District (Karnatka, India)
    Karnataka
    Area under Rice : 1.45 m ha
    Production : 3.6 m mg
    Productivity : 2.5 mg ha-1

    Study Area
    ™ Khamapur Block in Belgaun district
    ™ Soils : Sandy loam to clay loam
    ™ Topography : gentle slope
    : uplands
    : midlands
    : lowlands
    ™ Rainfall : May-Dec. (1800 mm)
    CASE STUDY 2.
    Sri Lanka
    Karnataka
    Area under Rice : 0.75 m ha
    Production : m Mg
    Productivity : Mg ha-1

    Study Area
    ™ Sri Lanka
    ™ Soils : Sandy loam to clay loam
    ™ Topography :
    :
    : :
    Rainfall :

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