Table of Contents

Preface vii Types 47

Acknowledgements viii Summary 49
Evaluation 49
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
History 1 Chapter 5 General Rules 51
The Importance of Standards 2 Introduction 51
Why GD&T 2 Overview 51
Evaluation 5 Rule One 51
Rule Two 53
Chapter 2 Symbols and Rule Three 54
Abbreviations 7 Rule Four 54
Introduction 7 Summary 55
Dimensioning Symbols 8 Evaluation 56
Geometric Characteristics 17
Modifying Symbols 18 Chapter 6 Form, Orientation,
Summary 25 Profile, and Runout 57
Evaluation 26 Introduction 57
Tolerances of Form 57
Chapter 3 Datums 29 Straightness 57
Introduction 29 Flatness 60
Datum Identification 29 Circularity 61
Three-Plane ConceptFlat 30 Cylindricity 62
Customized Datum Reference Frame 32 Tolerances of Orientation 64
Datum Targets 33 Perpendicularity 64
Three-Plane ConceptCircular 37 Angularity 68
Partial Datums 38 Parallelism 70
Datums of Size 38 Profile 75
Pattern of Features 40 Runout 80
Summary 41 Summary 84
Evaluation 41 Evaluation 85

Chapter 4 Feature Control Chapter 7 Virtual Condition 87

Frames 43 Introduction 87
Introduction 43 Application 87
Symbol and Definition 43 External Feature 87
Attachment 43 Parallelism 89
Content 45 Internal Feature 91
How to Read Feature Control Frames 46 Summary 91
Datum Reference Letter Precedent 46 Evaluation 91

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Chapter 8 Tolerances of Location 93
Introduction 93
Concentricity 93
Symmetry 94
Position Introduction 95
Position Theory 96
Position of Multiple Cylindrical Features 99
Composite Positional Tolerancing 101
Two Single-Segment Feature Control 104
Frames
Multiple Patterns Located by Basic 105
Dimensions and Related to the Same
Datums
Patterns Positions From a Datum of Size 106
Introduction
Zero Tolerancing 110
Projected Tolerance Zone 111
Noncylindrical Features 112
Bidirectional Tolerancing 113
Coaxial Features 115
Summary 118
Evaluation 119

Chapter 9 Practical Applications 121

Introduction 121
Form and Orientation Tolerances 121
Hole PatternSingle Control 125
Hole PatternComposite Control 126
Non-cylindrical Features 127
Co-axial Features 127

Appendix 129
Glossary 131
Answers 139
Index 141

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