STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

CE 309
M ODUL E 2 : MAT R IX A N A LYSIS
LECTURE 15
Classification of loads
Nodal loads: These loads act at the nodes of the member i.e. at the end points
of that specific member.
Intermediate loads or inter nodal loads: These loads act in between nodes either
in the form of point loads/moments or udl.

Since flexibility and stiffness matrices were developed for loads at nodal points,
intermediate loads should be converted in to nodal loads.
 Conversion of inter nodal loads
The nodal loads are obtained by converting the intermediate/inter nodal loads
into fixed end reactions and applying in reverse direction at the node points.

Total nodal displacements = Zero nodal displacements + Nodal displacements

Total nodal forces in a member = Nodal forces due to Fixed end reactions + Forces due deformations
PTotal [ P] Fixed [k ][]
Supports conditions
The Fixed end reactions should be applied only at supports/dofs which were not
actually restrained

4 is a pinned support in actual structure.

So Fixed end moment in opposite side should be applied

= +
Fixed end reactions Point load
RA P RB
MA
MB

x B
A

L
Px 2
RA
P
L x 2
L 2 x RB 3 3L 2 x
L3 L

Px 2
M A 2 L x
Px
M B 2 L x
2

L L
Fixed end reactions Point load
RA P RB
MA
MB

a b B
A

L
Pa 2
RA
P 2
b L 2a RB 3 3L 2a
L3 L
Pab 2 Pa 2 b
MA MB 2
L2 L

PL PL PL
If a =b; MA MB M midspan
8 8 8
UDL
RA w/length RB
MA
MB

B
A

L
R A wl / 2 RB wl / 2

2
wl
MA wl
2
12 MB
12
Example
Find the slope at points B and C. Take EI = 6 * 103 kNm2
10 kN/m

A B C

6m 6m
Identify the Dofs
Write the FE reactions in reverse directions at nodes with5valid dofs
1 3
2 4 6

A B C
 Stiffness matrices
PM 1 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 0 0 1
2
4 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 2
2
PM 6 EI / 6 2 EI / 6 0 0
KAB P 3 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 2 6 EI / 6 2
M4
0 0 3

2 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 4
2
PM 6 EI / 6 4EI / 6 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 3 5
2 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A B C PM 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
PM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P 3 0 0 12 EI / 6 2 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 3
KBC M4
PM 0 0 6 EI / 6 2 4EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2

2 EI / 6 4
P 5 0 0 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 5
M6
PM 0 0 6 EI / 6 2 2 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 4 EI / 6 6
 Superposition of different structures
3 5 Original
1
4 6 structure
2

A B C 10 kN/m
wl2/12 = 30 wl2/12 = 30
Fixed end reactions
6m

wl/2 = 30 wl/2 = 30
Modified
structure
PM4 PM6

B C
 Fixed end moment and nodal loads
PM 1 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 0 0 1
2
6 EI / 6 2 2
2
PM 6 EI / 6 4 EI / 6 2 EI / 6 0 0
P 12 EI / 6 3
3
6 EI / 6 2 24 EI / 6 2 0 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 3
M4
6 EI / 6 2 4
2
M
P 6 EI / 6 2 EI / 6 0 8EI / 6 2 EI / 6
P 5 0 0 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 5
6
M

PM 0 0 6 EI / 6 2 2 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 4 EI / 6 6
PM 1 PM 1 1 0
2 2 2 0
Eqn for PM PM
Modified P 3 P 3 3 0
structure M4 M
PM 30 4 4
P 5 P 5 5 0
M6 M
PM 30 6 6
Solving the equations
PM 1 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 0 0 0
2
M
P 6 EI / 6 2
4 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 2 EI / 6 0 0 0
P 3
12 EI / 6 3
6 EI / 6 2 24 EI / 6 2 0 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 0
M
30 6 EI / 6 2 4
2
6 EI / 6 2 EI / 6 0 8EI / 6 2 EI / 6
P 5
0 0 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 12 EI / 6 3 6 EI / 6 2 0
M

30 0 0 6 EI / 6 2 2 EI / 6 6 EI / 6 2 4 EI / 6 6

30 3 8 2 4 4
30 10 2 4
6 6
Total forces in each member
[PAB]T= [PF]+[KAB]*[AB] P2 12.9
P 25.7 kN m
4
[PBC]T= [PF]+[KBC]*[BC] P6 0