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NS Fourier PDF
NS Fourier PDF
NS Fourier PDF
Navier-Stokes equations
tu + (u )u = P + 2u (1)
u=0
where
u is the velocity vector in two or three dimensions,
P is the pressure
is the viscosity.
advection (u )u and
dissipation 2u.
Pressure equation:
boundary conditions
Spectral decomposition
where Z
1
u(k) = u(x)eikxdx (4)
2
Then
Z Z
u(x) ikx
= u(k) e dk = iku(k)eikxdk (5)
x x
where
Z
1
i k r 3
u(k)= u ( r )e d r (7)
(2)3
5
Dissipation
Z
2u(r) = |k|2u(k)d3k (8)
because
As explained below,
u(r) + F(r) = u + F(r) = P + 2u (9)
t
Pressure elimination
ku=0
kikj
ui(k) + ij 2 Fj (k) = |k|2ui(k) (12)
k
Pressure acts to project the non-linear term onto the basis of
incompressible functions satisfying k u = 0
7
d3rei(kpq)r = (k + p + q)
j eipr = ipeipr
so X
F(k) = i p u(q))u(p (14)
k=p+q
or X
Fi(k) = ipj ui(p)uj (q)
k=p+q
Number of operations
Total operations: n3 n3 = n6
TOO EXPENSIVE
8
Finite-difference/physical space
u(xi+1) u(xi1)
u(xi)
2dx
SOLUTION:
Combine approaches
9
STEPS Pseudospectral
No errors?
WRONG
Solution:
1 ikx 1
u(k) = e dx = e dx = u(k)
ikx
2 2
and
u(k = n/2 + 1) = u(n/2 + 1)
(transforms are periodic too)
Actually, u(k = 0) and u(k = n/2 + 1) are real, but in the end
get n real numbers
Aliasing
In the multiplication of the non-linear terms,
Truncation
1/3 for n/3 < k < 0, 1/3 for 0 < k < n/3
Solution of Stokes
u(k, t = T + t) =
Semi-implict
SEMI-IMPLICIT
14