CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 PROJECT TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

SPECIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL PARTS

Bicycle:

36 teeth main drive 16 teeth driven gear

Gear ratio = 1:2.25

Pitch diameter = 1.3 cm

Thickness of gear 0.4 cm

Outside diameter main drive = 15cm

Outside diameter driven gear = 6.5/6cm

These are the basic specifications of the bicycle used in the study.

The results and computations were only applicable to this kind of bicycle.

Piezoelectric Disc:

Plate Diameter: 27mm

Element Diameter: 19.7mm

Plate Thickness: 0.54mm

Plate Material: Brass

These are the basic specification of the piezoelectric disc used in this

study.
4.2 PROJECT STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

Fan
Charging Circuit Box

Circular Parchment

LED Lights
Piezoelectric discs

Reflex Stand

Charging Circuit Box

Fan
Piezoelectric discs

LED Lights
4.3 PROJECT LIMITATIONS AND CAPABILITIES

The general idea use as a new source of energy is by using

piezoelectricity. Since these discs have different specification those which have

higher durability was used to install into the design. In order to have innovations

to the existing designs, the concept of cycling was used. The vibration and

impact energy will be the main idea of the study. From these ideas, the

researchers decided to use eight (8) piezoelectric discs.

To create the impact and vibrations, elastic rule, a material made from

polypropylene was used. The rotational pins were attached to the flywheel. From

the rotations, these pins will trigger the elastic rules, making rules to impact and

vibrate the piezoelectric discs located at the rear side of the flywheel.

From the electrical theories, a high voltage has low current and / or vice

versa. With these, the connections were parallel to each other. Thus, the circuit

would generate a decent current output to the load. But since the current flow of

piezoelectric discs was low, the intensity of the light was neglected.

4.4 PROJECT EVALUATION

PIEZOELECTRIC DISC

The source of the main idea of this study relies on the effectiveness and

stability of the piezoelectric materials. These white colored materials tend to

generate electric current when certain force was applied. It can be seen just like

figure 4.1.
 (a) (b)

Figure 4.1

Note:

(a) Is the piezoelectric disc

(b) Is the piezoelectric disc with cover

VECTOR ANALYSIS

With this, the stresses and distortions were predetermined by the means

of impact and emerging forces. Since the system was connected by the means of
vibration circuit, the distribution of the forces were transferred to the piezoelectric

materials. Thus, all forces were acting on the structure are neglected except the

piezoelectric disc.

ANALYSIS OF THE PIEZOCERAMIC MATERIAL

FIGURE 4.2: VON MISES ANALYSIS

FIGURE 4.3 DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS

 Using a simulation, the piezoelectric material was subjected to a load of

approximately 1000 N and with the atmospheric pressure 101.325 KPa. From

this,

Von Misesmax = 8.382e + 002

Von Misesmin = 6.741e 001

Where:

e is the Eulers logarithmic function (2.718281828)

Then,

Von Misesmax = 24.78463829 MPa

Von Misesmin = 17.32393781 MPa

And,

+
Von Misesmean =
2

24.78463829 +17.32393781
Von Misesmean =
2

Von Misesmean = 21.05428805 MPa

Applying to the stress equation,

S=

Then,

21.05428805 MPa =
(19.7 )2
4

F = 6417.455916 N
BENDING AND COMPRESSIVE STRESS

The bending and compressive stress of the polypropylene can be

obtained from table 4.1:

MAXIMUM
MAXIMUM ELASTIC FLEXURAL
FLEXURAL
MATERIAL STRESS MODULUS MODULUS
STRESS
(MPa) (GPa) (GPa)
(MPa)
Polypropylene 25.94 (0.3) 40.84 (0.5) 1.08 (0.04) 1.09 (0.04)

Figure 4.4: VON MISES ANALYSIS

FIGURE 4.5 DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS

Applying to the stress equation,

S=

Then,

25.94
=
0.3 105(1.2)

F= 10,894.8 N

SOLUTION OF THE POWER GENERATED

From the power equation,

P=

Where,

P is the power generated

F is the total force induced by the system

d is the distance of each polypropylene support

T is the time elapsed by the system

Then,

(10,894.8 + 6417.455916 )(0.0889 )

P=
60

P = 25.65 or 25.65 W

TESTING OUTPUT OF THE SYSTEM

From the tests made by the researchers, different outputs were gathered.

TIME VOLTAGE CURRENT

(Second) (Volts) (Amps)
1 1.5 5.4
2 5.5 74.3
3 2.4 0.8
4 7.2 84.7
5 3.4 95.6
6 6.3 6.6
7 0.7 4.4
8 4.5 4.4
AVERAGE 3.9 34.5

Table 4.4.1

Table 4.4.1 shows the voltage in volts and current in ampere output

produce per seconds of the 8 piezoelectric discs in a parallel connection. These

are values that frequently displayed voltage with corresponding current output

120
Voltage and Current Output
100
CURRENT (Amps)
Voltage or Current

80 VOLTAGE (Volts)

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TIME (Seconds)

Graph 4.4.1

Graph 4.4.1 shows the voltage in volts and current in ampere output

produce per seconds of the 8 piezoelectric discs in a parallel connection.

 TIME VOLTAGE CURRENT
(Seconds) (Volts) (Amps)
1 0.71 1.4
2 0.64 94.6
3 0.2 81.1
4 0.1 21.2
5 0.3 43.8
6 2.6 66.4
7 1.1 126.2
8 0.85 55.2
AVERAGE 0.8125 61.2

Table 4.4.2

Table 4.4.1 shows the voltage in volts and current in ampere output

produce per seconds of a piezoelectric disc.

VOLTAGE OR CURRENT OUTPUT

140

120 CURRENT VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE OR CURRENT

(Amps) (Volts)
100

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TIME (Seconds)

Graph 4.4.2

Graph 4.4.2 shows the voltage in volts and current in ampere output

produce per seconds of a piezoelectric disc.