1. sawinaaRmdego xdomilebis jamis albaToba (gamoyvana).

P( A ) 1 P( A) . cxadia A A , amasTan A A . maSin jamis albaTobis

formuliT uTavsebadi xdomilebebisaTvis: P( A A ) P( A) P( A ) P() 1 ,
aqedan ki P( A ) 1 P( A) .

2. sawinaaRmdego xdomilebis pirobiTi albaToba (gamoyvana).

P( A B)
P( A / B) 1 P( A / B) . marTlac P( A / B) . magram
P( B)
A B B \ A B \ ( A B) , amitom sxvaobis albaTobis formuliT
P( B \ ( A B)) P( B) P( A B) P( A B)
P( A / B) 1 1 P( A / B) .
P( B) P( B) P( B)

3. sxvaobis albaTobis formula kerZo SemTxvevaSi (gamoyvana).

Tu B A maSin P( A \ B) P( A) P( B) . advili sanaxavia, rom A B ( A \ B) ,
amasTan B ( A \ B) . maSin jamis albaTobis formuliT uTavsebadi
xdomilebebisaTvis: P( A) P( B) P( A \ B) , aqedan ki P( A \ B) P( A) P( B) .

4. sxvaobis albaTobis formula zogad SemTxvevaSi (gamoyvana).

P( A \ B) P( A) P( A B) . advili sanaxavia, rom A \ B A \ ( A B) da radgan
( A B) A amitom sxvaobis albaTobis formuliT P( A \ B) P( A) P( A B) .

5. jamis albaTobis formula ori xdomilebisaTvis (gamoyvana).

P( A B) P( A) P( B) P( A B) . advili sanaxavia, rom
A B ( A \ B) B , amasTan ( A \ B) B . maSin jamis albaTobis formuliT da
A \ B -Tvis sxvaobis albaTobis formuliT:
P( A B) P( A \ B) P( B) P( A) P( B) P( A B) .

6. sruli albaTobis formula A da A sistemisaTvis (gamoyvana).

P( A) P( A / B) P( B) P( A / B ) P( B ) . advili sanaxavia, rom A ( A B) ( A B ) ,
amasTan ( A B) ( A B ) . maSin jamis albaTobis da namravlis albaTobis
( P( A B) P( A / B) P( B) ) formulebiT gveqneba:
P( A) P( A B) ( A B ) P( A / B) P( B) P( A / B ) P( B ) .

7. baiesis formula (gamoyvana).

P( A / B) P( B)
P( B / A) . namravlis albaTobis formuliT: P( A B) P( A / B) P( B)
P( A)
da P( A B) P( B / A) P( A) . gavutoloT erTmaneTs P( A / B) P( B) P( B / A) P( A) ,
aqedan ki gamovsaxoT P( B / A) .

1
8. damoukideblobis ori ganmartebis ekvivalenturoba (Semowmeba).
A da B damoukidebelia Tu P( AB ) P( A) P( B) (1). es ekvivalenturia imisa, rom
P( AB )
P( A / B) P( A) (2). marTlac, pirobiTi albaTobis formuliT P( A / B) , Tu
P( B)
P( A) P( B)
mricxvelSi CavsvavT (1)-s miviRebT P( A / B) P( A). piriqiT, Tu
P( B)
P( AB )
samarTliania (2) maSin P( A / B) P( A), saidanac P( AB ) P( A) P( B) .
P( B)

9. dispersiis ori ganmartebis ekvivalenturoba (Semowmeba).

D E ( E ) 2 da D E 2 ( E ) 2 . marTlac, aviyvanoT kvadratSi da
gamoviyenoT lodinis Tvisebebi:
E ( E ) 2 E ( 2 2E ( E ) 2 ) E 2 2 EE E ( E ) 2 E 2 2( E ) 2 ( E ) 2
E 2 ( E ) 2 .

10. kovariaciis ori ganmartebis ekvivalenturoba.

cov( , ) E ( E )( E ) da cov( , ) E EE ) . marTlac, gavxsnaT
frCxilebi da gamoviyenoT lodinis Tvisebebi:
E ( E )( E ) E ( E E EE ) E EE EE EE
E EE .

11. binomialuri ganawileba da misi ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia,

moda) gamoTvaleT lodini.
Bi(n, p) , P( k ) Cnk p k q n k , k 0,1,..., n . vTqvaT, n damoukidebel cdaSi
raime A xdomilebis mosvlis albaTobaa p da q 1 p , anu gvaqvs 1 , 2 ,..., n
damoukidebeli bernulis SemTxveviTi sidide, E i p, D i pq . ganvixiloT
n
k , romelic warmoadgens warmatebaTa raodenobas n cdaSi, maSin
k 1
n
Bi(n, p) . radgan 1 , 2 ,..., n damoukideblebia, amitom E E k np,
k 1
n
D D k npq , Mo [(n 1) p] .
k 1

12. geometriuli ganawileba da misi ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia,

moda) gamoTvaleT lodini.
Geo( p) , P ( k ) pq k 1 , k 1,2,3... . vTqvaT, erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad
vatarebT erT da igive cdas raime A xdomilebis pirvelad gamoCenamde da
P( A) p, q 1 p . iyos im cdis nomeri romelSic A pirvelad moxda, maSin
Geo( p) . gamovTvaloT -s lodini.


k
k q 1 q q 1
E k pq p q q p q q p
k 1
q p
k 1 k 2 k 2 1 q (1 q ) 2 p

2
 q
aq indqsi q niSnavs warmoebuls q -Ti, D , Mo 1 .
p2

13. puasonis ganawileba da misi ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia,

moda) gamoTvaleT lodini.

k e
Po( ) , P( k ) , k 0,1,2,..., 0 parametria (intensivoba). puasonis
k!
ganawileba warmoadgens drois fiqsirebul t SualedSi momxdar xdomilebaTa
raodenobis maTematikur models, magaliTad satelefono sadgurSi drois t
SualedSi Semosul gamoZaxebaTa raodenoba.

k
gamovTvaloT -s lodini. visargebloT warmodgeniT e

k! , gveqneba
k 0

k e
k 1
E k k!
e
(k 1)! e e , Mo [ ] 1.
k 0 k 1

14. normaluri ganawilebis ( N ( a , ) -is) ganmarteba (simkvrivis formula) da misi

2

ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia, mediana, moda), kavSiri N ( a , ) -is

2

da N (0,1) -is p rigis kvantilebs Soris.

N (a, 2 ) parametrebiT a da 2 ( 0 ) Tu mis ganawilebis simkvrives aqvs saxe:
( x a )2

1 2 2
f ( x) e , E Me Mo a; D 2 . Tu a 0 da 2 1 vRebulobT
2
N (0,1) standartul normalur ganawilebas.
vTqvaT x p aris N (a, 2 ) -is p rigis kvantili, xolo z p ki N (0,1) -is p rigis
kvantili, maSin x p z p a .

15. eqsponencialuri ganawilebis ganmarteba (simkvrivisa da ganawilebis funqciis

formulebi) da misi ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia, mediana, moda,
p rigis kvantili).
0, x 0,
Exp( ) Tu misi ganawilebis simkvrivea: f ( x) x
ganawilebis
e , x 0.
0, x 0,
funqcia ki: F ( x) x
1 e , x 0.
1 1 ln 2 ln(1 p)
E , D 2 , Me , Mo 0, p rigis kvantilia: x p .

3
16. Tanabari ganawilebis ganmarteba (simkvrivisa da ganawilebis funqciis
formulebi) da misi ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini, dispersia, mediana, moda,
p rigis kvantili).
1
, x [a, b],
U [a, b] Tu misi ganawilebis simkvrivea: f ( x) b a ganawilebis
0, x [a, b].
0, x a
x a

funqcia ki: F ( x ) , x [a, b].
b a
1, x b
ab (b a) 2
E Me , D , moda aris [a, b] intervalis nebismieri ricxvi, p
2 12
rigis kvantilia: x p p(b a) a .

17. kavSiri ganawilebis kanonsa da ganawilebis funqcias Soris.

Tu diskretuli SemTxveviTi sididis ganawilebis kanonia:
p k P{ x k }, k 1,2,..., n , e.i. x1 x2 .. x n
p1 p 2 .. p n
maSin F ( x ) P{ x} P{ xk } pk .
xk x xk x
marTlac, xdomileba { : ( ) x} (SemdgomSi SemoklebiT davwerT { x}),
warmoidgineba uTavsebadi { x k } xdomilebebis gaerTianebiT:
{ x} { xk } . uTavsebadi xdomilebebis jamis albaTobis formuliT:
xk x
F ( x) P{ x} P( { xk }) P{ xk } pk .
xk x xk x xk x
piriqiT, Tu diskretuli SemTxveviTi sididis ganawilebis funqciaa
F ( x) P{ x} , maSin ganawilebis kanonia: p k P{ xk } F ( xk ) F ( xk 1 ).
marTlac, cxadia { xk } { xk } \ { xk } , amitom sxvaobis albaTobiT:
P{ xk } P{ xk } P{ xk } F ( xk ) ( P{ xk 1} P{xk 1 xk }). magram
P{xk 1 xk } 0 vinaidan ( xk 1 , xk ) Ria SualedSi mniSvnelobas ar Rebulobs ,
amitom sabolood P{ xk } F ( xk ) F ( xk 1 ).

18. ganawilebis funqciis araklebadobisa Semowmeba.

ganawilebis funqcia araklebadia: Tu x1 x2 maSin F ( x1 ) F ( x 2 ) . marTlac,
radgan x1 x2 amitom { x1} { x2 } . amitom F ( x1 ) P{ x1} P{ x 2 } F ( x 2 ) .

4
19. kavSiri organzomilebian ganawilebis kanonsa da marginalur ganawilebis
kanonebs Soris (gamoyvana).
a) vTqvaT pij P{ xi , y j } , i 1, n; j 1, m , organzomilebiani ganawilebis
kanonia maSin marginaluri ganawilebis kanoni magaliTad -Tvis iqneba:
m
pi P{ xi } pij .
j 1

marTlac, radgan xdomilebebi { y j }, j 1, m wyvil-wyvilad uTavsebadia

amitom jamis albaTobis formuliT gveqneba:
m
pi P{ xi } P({ xi } { y1}) P({ xi } { y 2 }) ... P({ xi } { y m }) pij .
j 1
b) sazogadod pij pi P({ y j } /{ xi }), xolo Tu da damoukidebelia maSin
pij pi q j , sadac q j P{ y j } .
marTlac, visargeblobT namravlis albaTobis formuliT P( A B) P( A) P( B / A) ,
gveqneba: pij P{ xi ; y j } P{ xi } P({ y j } /{ xi }) . Tu da
damoukidebelia (anu nebismieri i da j -Tvis xdomilebebi { xi } da { y j }
damoukidebelia) miviRebT: pij P{ xi ; y j } P{ xi } P{ y j } pi q j .

20. damoukidebel SemTxveviT sidideTa namravlis lodinis gamoyvana.

Tu da damoukidebelia maSin E E E .
damtkiceba. vTqvaT -s mniSvnelobebia x1 , x2 ,..., xn xolo -si ki y1 , y 2 ,..., y m da
Ai { xi } ; B j { y j } . maSin damoukideblobis gamo
P{ xi ; y j } P{ xi }P{ y j } P( Ai ) P( B j ). maTematikuri lodinis
ganmartebiT gvaqvs
n m n m
E xi y j P{ xi ; y j } xi y j P( Ai ) P( B j )
i 1 j 1 i 1 j 1
n m
xi P( Ai )[ y j P( B j )] E E.
i 1 j 1

21. SemTxveviT sidideTa jamis da sxvaobis dispersia.

D( ) D D 2 cov( ; ) .
damtkiceba.
D( ) E[( ) E ( )] 2 E[( E ) ( E )] 2 E[( E ) 2 2( E )( E )
( E ) 2 ] E ( E ) 2 E 2( E )( E ) E ( E ) 2 D D 2 cov( ; ).

Tu da damoukidebelia maSin cov( ; ) =0 da maSasadame

D ( ) D D .

5
22. did ricxvTa kanonis Camoyalibeba. CebiSevisa da bernulis Teoremebi
(damtkicebiT).
SemTxveviT sidideTa mimdevroba X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ,... akmayofilebs did ricxvTa kanons
X 1 X 2 ... X n EX1 EX 2 ... EX n
Tu 0 ricxvisaTvis P 0, roca
n n
n .
SemdgomSi dagvWirdeba CebiSevis utoloba, CamovayalibioT igi:
DX
vTqvaT X SemTxveviTi sididea, maSin 0 ricxvisaTvis P{ X EX } .
2
CebiSevis Teorema.
Tu X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ,... wyvil-wyvilad damoukidebeli SemTxveviTi sidideebia, EX i
da arsebobs iseTi ricxvi C , rom DX i C , i 1,2,... , maSin es mimdevroba
akmayofilebs did ricxvTa kanons.
X X 2 ... X n DX 1 DX 2 ... DX n nC C
damtkiceba: cxadia, rom D( 1 ) . amitom
n n2 n2 n
CebiSevis utolobiT
X X 2 ... X n EX1 EX 2 ... EX n C
P 1 2 0, roca n ,
n n n
e.i. samarTliania did ricxvTa kanoni.
bernulis Teorema.
Tu X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ,... wyvil-wyvilad damoukidebeli bernulis SemTxveviT sidideTa
mimdevrobaa da P ( X i 1) p , P ( X i 0) 1 p q , maSin is akmayofilebs did
X 1 X 2 ... X n P
ricxvTa kanons: p roca n .
n
damtkiceba: rogorc cnobilia EX i p da DX i pq C . cxadia, rom
X X 2 ... X n
E( 1 ) p , amitom Sesrulebulia CebiSevis Teoremis pirobebi da
n
vaskvniT, rom bernulis Teorema samarTliania.

23. centraluri zRvariTi Teoremis Camoyalibeba. muavr-laplasis lokaluri da

integraluri Teoremebis Camoyalibeba.
Tu X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ,... damoukidebeli erTnairad ganawilebuli SemTxveviTi
sidideebia, maTematikuri lodiniT a da sasruli 2 dispersiiT, xolo
S n X 1 X 2 ... X n , maSin
S na
P n x ( x), n ,
n
sadac (x) aris standartuli normaluri ganawilebis funqcia.
muavr-laplasis integraluri Teorema.
vTqvaT, tardeba n damoukidebli cda da TiToeulSi A xdomilebis moxdenis
albaTobaa p . cdaTa didi ricxvisaTvis da np 15 pirobaSi gvaqvs:
b np
P{a S n b} a np , sadac S n aris n cdaSi A xdomilebis
npq
npq
moxdenis raodenoba, q 1 p .
6
 muavr-laplasis lokaluri Teorema.
vTqvaT, tardeba n damoukidebli cda da TiToeulSi A xdomilebis moxdenis
albaTobaa p . cdaTa didi ricxvisaTvis da np 15 pirobaSi albaToba imisa, rom
warmateba moxdeba k -jer miaxloebiT tolia:
2
1 k np 1
x
Pn (k ) , sadac ( x)
e 2.
npq npq 2

24. SerCeviTi saSualo, SerCeviTi eqscesisa da korelaciis koeficientebi.

SerCeviTi saSualos ganawilebis kanonebi normaluri populaciisaTvis cnobili
da ucnobi dispersiebis SemTxvevebSi.

mocemulia SerCeva X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n .

1 n n

1 n

n k 1
( X k X )4 ( X k X )(Yk Y )
X X k , e 4
3, r k 1
.
n k 1 1 2
n n
( X k X ) 2 (Yk Y ) 2
n

n k 1 ( X k X )
k 1 k 1

vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa normaluri populaciidan, X k N ( a, ) da

2 2

2 X a
cnobilia, maSin X N (a, ) . Tu 2 ucnobia maSin
n t (n 1) , aq t (n 1)
n s
1 n
stiudentis ganawilebaa n 1 Tavisuflebis xarisxiT, s
n 1 k 1
( X i X )2 .

25. SerCeviTi da Sesworebuli SerCeviTi dispersia, SerCeviTi asimetriis

koeficienti. SerCeviTi dispersiis ganawilebis kanonebi normaluri
populaciisaTvis cnobili da ucnobi saSualoebis SemTxvevebSi.
1 n
1 n 1 n

n k 1
( X k X )3
S2 ( X k X ) 2
; S 2

n 1 k 1
( X k X ) 2 , a 3
.
n k 1 1 n 2
(
n k 1 kX X )


vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa normaluri populaciidan, X k N ( a, ) da a
2

n
( X k a) 2 (n 1) S 2
cnobilia, maSin k 1
2 (n); Tu a ucnobia maSin 2 (n 1) , aq
2 2

( n ) aris xi-kvadrat ganawileba n Tavisuflebis xarisxiT.

2

26. ganmarteT Caunacvlebeli da Zalmosili Sefasebebi. CamoayalibeT SefasebaTa

agebis maqsimaluri dasajerobisa da momentTa meTodebi.
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n aris n moculobis SerCeva da populaciis ucnobi
parametria.

7
Tn ( X ) T ( X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ) Sefasebas ewodeba Caunacvlebeli (gadauadgilebadi) Tu
E Tn ( X ) .
Tn ( X ) T ( X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n ) Sefasebas ewodeba Zalmosili (Zaldebuli) Tu
Tn ( X )
P
( Tn ( X ) albaTobiT miiswrafis -ken), roca n .
maqsimaluri dasajerobis meTodi. vTqvaT X SemTxveviTi sididis ganawilebis
simkvrive f ( x, ) Seicavs ucnob parameters. davuSvaT x1 , x 2 ,..., x n am SemTxveviTi
sididis n realizaciaa. dasajerobis funqcia:
L( x1 , x 2 ,..., x n ; ) f ( x1 , ) f ( x 2 , ) f ( x n , )
parametris maqsimaluri dasajerobis Sefasebas uwodeben mis im mniSvnelobas,
romelSic dasajerobis funqcia aRwevs Tavis maqsimums.
am Sefasebis sapovnelad saWiroa: 1) ganvixiloT logariTmi ln L , 2) gavawarmooT
ln L
gavutoloT 0-s da vipovoT kritikuli wertilebi, 3) vipovoT meore rigis

2 ln L
warmoebuli , Tu is uaryofiTia kritikul wertilSi maSin es aris
2
maqsimumis wertili da masasadame -s maqsimaluri dasajerobis Sefaseba.
momentTa meTodi. Ees meTodi dafuZnebulia im garemoebaze, rom SerCeviTi
momentebi warmoadgenen Sesabamisi Teoriuli momentebis Zalmosil Sefasebas.
amitom Sefasebis misaRebad saWiroa Teoriuli momentebi gavutoloT imave rigis
Sesabamis empiriul momentebs da amovxsnaT miRebuli gantoleba an gantolebaTa
sistema.

27. dawereT ndobis intervali (da SerCevis moculoba) normaluri populaciis

saSualosaTvis cnobili dispersiis SemTxvevaSi. axseniT ratomaa is aseTi saxis.
1 saimedoobis ndobis intervalia:

X n z / 2 ; X n z / 2 , (1)

sadac X SerCevis saSualoa, n SerCevis moculoba, z / 2 ki N (0,1) -is zeda / 2
kritikuli wertili.
X a
rogorc viciT N (a, 2 ) populaciisaTvis gvaqvs: n N (0,1) . zeda

kritikuli wertilis ( z / 2 ) ganmartebis Tanaxmad
X a
P z / 2 n z / 2 1 , saidanac vRebulobT


P X z / 2 a X z / 2 1 , rac niSnavs , rom (1) saZiebeli intervalia.
n n
z
2
l z / 2 sidides Sefasebis sizuste ewodeba. aqedan amovxsnaT n / 2 ,
n l
z
2
SerCevis moculoba ki aris n / 2 1, aq [] niSnavs mTel nawils.
*

8
28. dawereT ndobis intervali normaluri populaciis saSualosaTvis ucnobi
dispersiis SemTxvevaSi. axseniT ratomaa is aseTi saxis.
1 saimedoobis ndobis intervalia:

S S
X t n 1, / 2 ; X t n 1, / 2 , (1)
n n
sadac X SerCevis saSualoa, n SerCevis moculoba, t n 1, / 2 ki stiudentis
ganawilebis zeda / 2 kritikuli wertili, S Sesworebuli standartuli
gadaxra.
X a
rogorc viciT N ( a, ) populaciisaTvis gvaqvs: n t ( n 1). zeda
2
S
kritikuli wertilis ( t n 1, / 2 ) ganmartebis Tanaxmad.
X a
P t n 1, / 2 n t n 1, / 2 1 , saidanac vRebulobT
S
S S
P X t n 1, / 2 a X t n 1, / 2 1 ,
n n
rac niSnavs , rom (1) saZiebeli intervalia.

29. dawereT ndobis intervali normaluri populaciis dispersiisaTvis cnobili

saSualos SemTxvevaSi. axseniT ratomaa is aseTi saxis.
1 saimedoobis ndobis intervalia:

n ( X a) 2 n ( X a) 2
k1 k k
k 1
; , (1)
2
n , / 2 2
n,1 / 2

sadac n2, / 2 da n2,1 / 2 aris xi-kvadrat ganawilebis n Tavisuflebis xarisxiT
/ 2 da 1 / 2 kritikuli wertili.
n
( X k a)
2

rogorc viciT N (a, 2 ) populaciisaTvis gvaqvs: k 1 2 (n). zeda

2

kritikuli wertilebis n2, / 2 da n2,1 / 2 ganmartebis Tanaxmad gveqneba

n
( X k a)
2

k 1
P n,1 / 2
2
n, / 2 1 , saidanac vRebulobT
2


2

9
 n ( X a) 2 n
( X k a) 2
k
P k 1 2 2 k 1 2 1 .
n , / 2 n,1 / 2


rac niSnavs , rom (1) saZiebeli intervalia.

30. dawereT ndobis intervali normaluri populaciis dispersiisaTvis ucnobi

saSualos SemTxvevaSi. axseniT ratomaa is aseTi saxis.
1 saimedoobis ndobis intervalia:

(n 1) S 2 (n 1) S 2
2 ; 2 , (1)
n1, / 2 n1,1 / 2
sadac n21, / 2 da n21,1 / 2 aris xi-kvadrat ganawilebis n 1 Tavisuflebis
xarisxiT zeda / 2 da 1 / 2 kritikuli wertili, S 2 SerCeviTi Sesworebu;li
dispersia.

(n 1) S 2
rogorc viciT N ( a , ) populaciisaTvis gvaqvs: 2 (n 1) . zeda
2
2

kritikuli wertilebis n21, / 2 da n21,1 / 2 ganmartebis Tanaxmad gveqneba:

2 (n 1) S 2

P n 1,1 / 2 2 1 , saidanac vRebulobT
2 n 1, / 2

(n 1) S 2 (n 1) S 2
P 2 2 2 1 .

n 1, / 2 n 1,1 / 2
rac niSnavs , rom (1) saZiebeli intervalia.

31. dawereT asimptoturi ndobis intervali (da SerCevis moculoba) bernulis

sqemaSi. axseniT ratomaa is aseTi saxis.
1 saimedoobis ndobis intervalia:

Wn (1 Wn ) Wn (1 Wn )
Wn z / 2 ; W n z / 2 , (1)
n n
Sn
sadac Wn , aq S n aris n cdaSi warmatebaTa raodenoba, xolo z / 2
n
standartuli normaluri ganawilebis zeda / 2 kritikuli wertili.

Wn p
rogorc viciT N (0,1) . zeda kritikuli wertilis ( z / 2 )
p(1 p) / n
Wn p
ganmartebis Tanaxmad gveqneba P z / 2 z / 2 1 , saidanac Tu
p (1 p) / n

mniSvnelSi aviRebT p -s Sefasebas anu Wn -s miviRebT

10
 Wn (1 Wn ) Wn (1 Wn )
PWn z / 2 p0 Wn z / 2 1 .
n n
rac niSnavs , rom (1) saZiebeli intervalia.

32. hipoTezis Semowmeba normaluri ganawilebis maTematikuri lodinis Sesaxeb

cnobili dispersiis SemTxvevaSi.
mocemulia SerCeva normaluri populaciidan X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n , X k N ( a, ) ,
2

saSualo EX k a ucnobia, dispersia 2 cnobilia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli

H 0 : a a0 H 0 : a a0
hipoTezebi: ormxrivi, marjvena calmxrivi da
1
H : a a 0 1
H : a a 0
H 0 : a a0
marcxena calmxrivi alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika:
1
H : a a 0
X a
Z n N (0,1) . mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia: z / 2

ormxrivi alternativis, z da z marjvena da marcxena alternativebis dros
( z standartuli normaluri ganawilebis zeda kritikuli wertilia).
kritikuli are: C.R (, z / 2 ] [ z / 2 , ) ormxrivis, (, z ] da [ z , )
marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu
kriteriumis statistika Z moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
kritikuli aris dadgena. ormxrivi: roca H 0 samarTliania Z kriteriums aqvs
N (0,1) ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu Z mniSvnelovnad
gadaixreba 0-sagan marcxniv an marjvniv. amitom ( N (0,1) -is simetriulobis gamo)
kritikuli are iqneba C.R. ( , xkr ] [ xkr , ) saxis. Tu I gvaris Secdomis
albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom Z moxvdeba (, xkr ] da
[ xkr , ) SualedebSi albaTobiT / 2 . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis
ganmartebiT niSnavs xkr z / 2 da amgvarad C.R. ( , z / 2 ] [ z / 2 , ) .
calmxrivi. marcxena (marjvena). roca H 0 samarTliania Z kriteriums aqvs N (0,1)
ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu Z mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba 0-
sagan marcxniv (Sesabamisad marjvniv). amitom kritikuli are iqneba C.R. (, xkr ]
marcxena ( C.R. [ xkr ,) marjvena) calmxrivi intervali. Tu I gvaris Secdomis
albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia Z moxvdeba (, xkr ] -Si (Sesabamisad
[ xkr , ) -Si) albaTobiT . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT niSnavs
xkr z da amgvarad C.R. ( , z ] (Sesabamisad C.R. [ z , ) ).

33. hipoTezis Semowmeba normaluri ganawilebis maTematikuri lodinis Sesaxeb

ucnobi dispersiis SemTxvevaSi.
mocemulia SerCeva normaluri populaciidan X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n , X k N ( a, ) ,
2

saSualo EX k a ucnobia, dispersia 2 ucnobia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli

11
 H 0 : a a0 H 0 : a a0 H 0 : a a0
hipoTezebi: , Sesabamisad marjvena da
H 1 : a a0 H 1 : a a0 H 1 : a a0
marcxena calmxrivi
X a
alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika: t n t (n 1) . mniSvnelovnebis
S
done . kritikuli wertilebia: t n 1, / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, t n 1, da
t n 1, marjvena da marcxena alternativebis dros ( t n 1, stiudentis ganawilebis
n 1 Tavisuflebis xarisxiT zeda kritikuli wertilia). kritikuli are:
C.R. (,t n 1, / 2 ] [ t n 1, / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros, (,t n1, ] da [t n1, ,)
marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu
kriteriumis statistika t moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
kritikuli aris dadgena. ormxrivi: roca H 0 samarTliania t kriteriums aqvs
t (n 1) ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTliani iqneba Tu t mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba 0-
sagan marcxniv an marjvniv. amitom ( t ( n 1) -is simetriulobis gamo) kritikuli are
iqneba C.R. ( ,tkr ] [tkr , ) saxis. Tu I gvaris Secdomis albaTobaa
P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom t moxvdeba (,tkr ] da [tkr , )
SualedebSi albaTobiT / 2 . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT
niSnavs xkr t n1, / 2 da amgvarad C.R. (,t n1, / 2 ] [t n1, / 2 ,) .
calmxrivi: marcxena (marjvena). roca H 0 samarTliania t kriteriums aqvs t ( n 1)
ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu t mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba 0-
sagan marcxniv (Sesabamisad marjvniv). amitom kritikuli are iqneba
C.R. (, xkr ] marcxena ( C.R. [ xkr ,) marjvena) calmxrivi intervali. Tu I gvaris
Secdomis albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin t moxvdeba (, xkr ] -Si
(Sesabamisad [ xkr ,) -Si) albaTobiT . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis
ganmartebiT niSnavs xkr t n 1, da amgvarad C.R. (,t n 1, ] (Sesabamisad
C.R. [t n 1, ,) ).

34. hipoTezis Semowmeba normaluri populaciis dispersiisaTvis cnobili

saSualos SemTxvevaSi.
mocemulia SerCeva normaluri populaciidan X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n , X k N ( a, ) ,
2

saSualo EX k a cnobilia, dispersia 2 ucnobia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli

H 0 : 2 02 H 0 : 2 02 H 0 : 2 02
hipoTezebi: ormxrivi, marjvena da
H1 : 2 02 H1 : 0
2 2
H1 : 2 02
marcxena calmxrivi alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika:
n
( X k a)
2
k 1
2 2 (n) . mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia:
02
n2,1 / 2 da n2, / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, n2, da n2,1 marjvena da marcxena

12
alternativebis dros ( n, aris 2 ganawilebis n Tavisuflebis xarisxiT zeda
2

kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are: [0, n2,1 / 2 ] [ n2, / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros,

[0, n2,1 ] da [ n2, ,) marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis statistika moxvda uaryofis
2

areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis

safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
kritikuli aris dadgena. ormxrivi: roca H 0 samarTliania 2 kriteriums aqvs
2 ( n) ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu 2 mniSvnelovnad
dauaxlovdeba 2 ( n) ganawilebis marjvena an marcxena kuds. amitom kritikuli
are iqneba C.R. [0, xkr.1 ] [ xkr.2 , ) saxis. Tu I gvaris Secdomis albaTobaa

P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom 2 moxvdeba [0, xkr.1 ] da [ xkr.2 , )

SualedebSi albaTobiT / 2 . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT
niSnavs: xkr.1 n,1 / 2 da xkr.2 n, / 2 , amgvarad C.R. [0, n,1 / 2 ] [ n, / 2 ,) .
2 2 2 2

calmxrivi: marcxena (marjvena). roca H 0 samarTliania 2 kriteriums aqvs 2 ( n)

ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu 2 mniSvnelovnad dauaxlov-
deba 2 ( n) ganawilebis marcxena (Sesabamisad marjvena) kuds. amitom kritikuli
are iqneba C .R. [0, xkr.1 ] marcxena ( C.R. [ xkr.2 , ) marjvena) calmxrivi
intervali. Tu I gvaris Secdomis albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom
2 moxvdeba [0, xkr.1 ] (Sesabamisad [ xkr.2 , ) ) SualedebSi albaTobiT . es ki
zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT niSnavs: xkr.1 n2,1 da xkr.2 n2, ,
amgvarad C.R. [0, n,1 ] (Sesabamisad C.R. [ n, / 2 , ) ).
2 2

35. hipoTezis Semowmeba normaluri populaciis dispersiisaTvis ucnobi saSualos

SemTxvevaSi.
mocemulia SerCeva normaluri populaciidan X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n , X k N ( a, ) ,
2

saSualo EX k a ucnobia, dispersia 2 ucnobia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli

H 0 : 2 02 H 0 : 2 02
hipoTezebi: ormxrivi, marjvena calmxrivi da
H1 : 2 02 H1 : 0
2 2

H 0 : 2 02
marcxena calmxrivi alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika:
H1 : 2 02
(n 1) S 2
2
(n 1) . mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia: n21,1 / 2
0 2

da n21, / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, n21, da n21,1 Sesabamisad marjvena da

marcxena alternativebis dros ( n 1, aris ganawilebis n 1 Tavisuflebis
2 2

xarisxiT zeda kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are:

13
[0, n21,1 / 2 ] [ n21, / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros, [0, n21,1 ] da [ n21, ,) Sesabamisad
marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu
kriteriumis statistika moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT
2

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.

kritikuli aris dadgena. ormxrivi: roca H 0 samarTliania 2 kriteriums aqvs
2 (n 1) ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu 2 mniSvnelovnad
dauaxlovdeba 2 (n 1) ganawilebis marjvena an marcxena kuds. amitom kritikuli
are iqneba C.R. [0, xkr.1 ] [ xkr.2,) saxis. Tu I gvaris Secdomis albaTobaa
P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom 2 moxvdeba [0, xkr.1 ] da [ xkr.2,)
SualedebSi albaTobiT / 2 . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT niSnavs:
xkr.1 n21,1 / 2 da xkr.2 n21, / 2 , amgvarad C.R. [0, n21,1 / 2 ] [ n21, / 2 ,) .

calmxrivi: marcxena (marjvena). roca H 0 samarTliania 2 kriteriums aqvs 2 ( n)

ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu 2 mniSvnelovnad dauaxlov-
deba 2 ( n) ganawilebis marcxena (Sesabamisad marjvena) kuds. amitom kritikuli
are iqneba C.R. [0, xkr.1 ] marcxena ( C.R. [ xkr.2,) marjvena) calmxrivi intervali.

Tu I gvaris Secdomis albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom 2

moxvdeba [0, xkr.1 ] (Sesabamisad [ xkr.2 ,) ) SualedebSi albaTobiT . es ki zeda

kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT niSnavs: xkr.1 n2,1 da xkr.2 n2, , amgvarad

C.R. [0, n2,1 ] (Sesabamisad C.R. [ n2, / 2 ,) ).

36. hipoTezaTa Semowmeba bernulis sqemaSi.

vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa bernulis ganawilebidan, anu damoukidebeli
bernulis SemTxveviTi sidideebi ucnobi warmatebis albaTobiT p .
H 0 : p p0 H 0 : p p0
ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi: ormxrivi,
H 1 : p p0 H 1 : p p0
H 0 : p p0
marjvena calmxrivi da marcxena calmxrivi alternativebi.
H 1 : p p0
n S
ganvixiloT S n X k - warmatebaTa raodenoba am n cdaSi, xolo Wn n .
k 1 n
Wn p0
kriteriumis statistika: Z N (0,1) , mniSvnelovnebis done .
p0 (1 p0 )
n
kritikuli wertilebia: z / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, z da z marjvena da
marcxena alternativebis dros ( z / 2 aris standartuli normaluri ganawilebis
/ 2 kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are C.R. (, z / 2 ] [ z / 2 , ) ormxrivis
dros, ( , z / 2 ] da [ z / 2 , ) Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena alternativebis
dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis Z statistika moxvda

14
uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is
uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
kritikuli aris dadgena. ormxrivi: roca H 0 samarTliania Z kriteriums aqvs
N (0,1) ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu Z mniSvnelovnad
gadaixreba 0-sagan marcxniv an marjvniv. amitom ( N (0,1) -is simetriulobis gamo)
kritikuli are iqneba C.R. (, xkr ] [ xkr ,) saxis. Tu I gvaris Secdomis
albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin cxadia, rom Z moxvdeba (, xkr ] da
[ xkr ,) SualedebSi albaTobiT / 2 . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT
niSnavs xkr z / 2 da amgvarad C.R. ( , z / 2 ] [ z / 2 , ) .
calmxrivi. marcxena (marjvena). roca H 0 samarTliania Z kriteriums aqvs N (0,1)
ganawileba. maSin H 1 samarTlianad CaiTvleba Tu Z mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba 0-
sagan marcxniv (Sesabamisad marjvniv). amitom kritikuli are iqneba C.R. (, xkr ]
marcxena ( C.R. [ xkr ,) marjvena) calmxrivi intervali. Tu I gvaris Secdomis
albaTobaa P ( Z C.R. / H 0 ) maSin Z moxvdeba (, xkr ] -Si (Sesabamisad [ xkr ,) -
Si) albaTobiT . es ki zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebiT niSnavs xkr z
da amgvarad C.R. (, z ] (Sesabamisad C.R. [ z ,) ).

damatebiTi sakiTxebi praqtikuli amocanebisaTvis

1. hipoTezis Semowmeba ori damoukidebeli normaluri populaciis saSualosaTvis

cnobili dispersiebis SemTxvevaSi. ndobis intervali saSualoTa sxvaobisaTvis.
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa X N (a1 , 12 ) populaciidan xolo Y1 , Y2 ,..., Ym
Y N (a 2 , 22 ) populaciidan, X da Y damoukidebelia. 12 da 22 cnobilia, xolo
H 0 : a1 a 2 0
a1 da a 2 ucnobi. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi:
H 1 : a1 a 2 0
H 0 : a1 a 2 0 H 0 : a1 a 2 0
ormxrivi, marcxena calmxrivi da marjvena calmxrivi
H 1 : a1 a 2 0 H 1 : a1 a 2 0
( X n Ym ) (a1 a2 )
alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika: Z N (0,1) .
12 / n 22 / m
mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia: z / 2 ormxrivi alternativis,
z da z Sesabamisad marjvena da marcxena alternativebis dros ( z / 2 aris
standartuli normaluri ganawilebis / 2 kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are:
(, z / 2 ] [ z / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros, (, z / 2 ] da [ z / 2 ,) marcxena da marjvena
alternativebis dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis Z statistika
moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas vuaryofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -
is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.

ndobis intervali: X Y z / 2 12 / n 22 / m , X Y z / 2 12 / n 22 / m .
2. hipoTezis Semowmeba ori damoukidebeli normaluri populaciis saSualosaTvis
toli magram ucnobi dispersiebis SemTxvevaSi. ndobis intervali saSualoTa
sxvaobisaTvis.

15
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa X N (a1 , 12 ) populaciidan xolo Y1 , Y2 ,..., Ym
Y N (a 2 , 22 ) populaciidan, X da Y damoukidebelia. 12 22 2 ucnobia, a1 da
H 0 : a1 a 2 0
a 2 ucnobia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi: ormxrivi,
H 1 : a1 a 2 0
H 0 : a1 a 2 0 H : a a2 0
marcxena calmxrivi da 0 1 marjvena calmxrivi
H 1 : a1 a 2 0 H 1 : a1 a 2 0
( X n Ym ) (a1 a 2 )
alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika: t t (n m 2) ,
S n ,m 1 / n 1 / m
(n 1) S1 2 (m 1) S 2 2
S n ,m . mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia:
nm2
t n m 2, / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, t n m2, da t n m2, Sesabamisad marjvena da
marcxena alternativebis dros ( t n m 2, aris stiudentis ganawilebis n m 2
Tavisuflebis xarisxiT zeda kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are
C.R. (,t n m 2, / 2 ] [t n m 2, / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros, (,t n m 2, ] da
[t n m2, ,) Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis t statistika moxvda uaryofis
areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis
safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
ndobis intervali: [ X Y t n m2, / 2 S n ,m 1 / n 1 / m , X Y t n m2, / 2 S n ,m 1 / n 1 / m ] .

3. oramokrefiani t kriteriumi aratoli ucnobi dispersiebis SemTxvevaSi

(satertvaitis meTodi). ndobis intervali saSualoTa sxvaobisaTvis.
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa X N (a1 , 12 ) populaciidan xolo Y1 , Y2 ,..., Ym
Y N (a 2 , 22 ) populaciidan, X da Y damoukidebelia. 12 , 22 ucnobia, a1 da a 2
H 0 : a1 a 2 0
ucnobia. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi: ormxrivi,
H 1 : a1 a 2 0
H 0 : a1 a 2 0 H 0 : a1 a 2 0
marcxena calmxrivi da marjvena calmxrivi
H 1 : a1 a 2 0 H 1 : a1 a 2 0
X Y
alternativebi. kriteriumis statistika: t n,m t[c] , aq [c] aris c
S1 2 / n S 2 2 / m
( S1 2 / n S 2 2 / m) 2
ricxvis mTeli nawili da c . mniSvnelovnebis
( S1 2 / n) 2 /( n 1) ( S 2 2 / m) 2 (m 1)
done . kritikuli wertilebia: t[c ], / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, t[c ], da t[c ],
Sesabamisad marjvena da marcxena alternativebis dros ( t[c ], aris stiudentis
ganawilebis [c] Tavisuflebis xarisxiT zeda kritikuli wertili). kritikuli
are (uaryofis are) (,t[c], / 2 ) [t[c], / 2 ,) ormxrivis dros, (,t[c], ) da
[t[c ], , ) Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis t statistika moxvda uaryofis

16
areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis
safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
ndobis intervali: [ X Y t[c ], / 2 S1 2 / n S 2 2 / m , X Y t[c ], / 2 S1 2 / n S 2 2 / m ] .

4. hipoTezaTa Semowmeba warmatebaTa albaTobebisaTvis bernulis cdaTa ori

damoukidebeli mimdevrobisaTvis. ndobis intervali p1 p 2 sxvaobisaTvis.
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n da Y1 , Y2 ,..., Ym ori damoukidebeli SerCevaa bernulis kanoniT
ganawilebuli populaciidan Sesabamisad warmatebis ucnobi p1 da p 2
H 0 : p1 p 2
albaTobebiT. ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi: ormxrivi,
H 1 : p1 p 2
H 0 : p1 p 2 H 0 : p1 p 2
marjvena calmxrivi, marcxena calmxrivi alternativebis
H 1 : p1 p 2 H 1 : p1 p 2
dros.
n m
S S n m
aRvniSnoT: S1 X k , S 2 Yk , P1 1 , P2 2 , P P1 P2 , Q 1 P .
k 1 k 1 n m nm nm
P1 P2 ( p1 p 2 )
kriteriumis statistika: Z N (0,1) . mniSvnelovnebis done .
P Q (1 / n 1 / m)
kritikuli wertilebia: z / 2 ormxrivi alternativis, z da z Sesabamisad
marjvena da marcxena alternativebis dros ( z / 2 aris standartuli normaluri
ganawilebis zeda / 2 kritikuli wertili). kritikuli are: (, z / 2 ] [ z / 2 ,)
ormxrivis dros, (, z ] da [ z ,) Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena
alternativebis dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis Z statistika
moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -
is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
SezRudva: nP1 , nQ1 , nP2 , nQ2 5, aq Q1 1 P1 , Q2 1 P2

p1q1 p2 q2 p1q1 p2 q2
ndobis intervali: [ p1 p2 z / 2 ; p1 p2 z / 2 ].
n m n m

5. hipoTezis Semowmeba dispersiebis tolobis Sesaxeb (standartuli da

gamartivebuli procedurebi). ndobis intervali dispersiaTa SefardebisaTvis.
vTqvaT X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n SerCevaa X N (a1 , 12 ) populaciidan xolo Y1 , Y2 ,..., Ym
Y N (a 2 , 22 ) populaciidan, X da Y damoukidebelia. 12 , 22 , a1 , a 2 ucnobia.
H : / 1
2 2
H : 2 / 2 1

ZiriTadi da alternatiuli hipoTezebi: 0 12 22 ormxrivi, 0 12 22
H 1 : 1 / 2 1
H 1 : 1 / 2 1

H : 2 / 2 1

marjvena calmxrivi da 0 12 22 marcxena calmxrivi alternativebi.

1 1
H : / 2 1
S1 2 / 12
kriteriumis statistika: F F (n 1, m 1) (fiSeris ganawileba n 1 da
S 2 2 / 22
m 1 Tavisuflebis xarisxiT). mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilebia:
Fn1,m1,1 / 2 da Fn 1, m 1, / 2 ormxrivi alternativis; Fn1,m1,1 da
Fn1,m1, Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena alternativebis dros ( Fn1,m1, aris

17
fiSeris ganawilebis n 1 da m 1 Tavisuflebis xarisxebiT zeda kritikuli
wertili). kritikuli are [0; Fn 1, m 1,1 / 2 ] [ Fn 1, m 1, / 2 ;) ormxrivis dros,
[0; Fn 1, m 1,1 ] da [ Fn 1, m 1, ;) Sesabamisad marcxena da marjvena alternativebis
dros. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis F statistika moxvda
uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is
uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.

1
mniSvnelovani formula: Fn 1, m 1,1 / 2
Fm 1, n 1, / 2

6. hipoTezis Semowmeba ganawilebis normalurobis Sesaxeb (Tanxmobis xi-kvadrat

kriteriumi).
vigulisxmoT, rom gvaqvs sakmaod didi n moculobis SerCeva da masSi
gansxvavebuli variantebis ricxvic didia. intervali minimaluri elementidan
maqsimaluramde davyoT s tol intervalad. CavTvaloT, rom variantebis
mniSvnelobebi, romlebic moxvdnen calkeul intervalSi daaxloebiT tolia am
intervalis Sua wertilis. davTvaloT TiToeul intervalSi moxvedrili
variantebis raodenoba da SevadginoT cxrili:
variantebi x1 x2 .. xs
sixSire n1 n2 .. ns

sadac xi intervalis Suawertilia, ni variantebis ricxvi i -ur intervalSi

(empiriuli sixSireebi). am miRebuli monacemebiT gamovTvaloT SerCeviTi saSualo
x da SerCeviTi standartuli gadaxra . axla CamovayaliboT hipoTezebi:
H 0 : generaluri erToblioba normaluria parametrebiT E x da D .
H1 : generaluri erToblioba araa normaluri.
gamovTvaloT i -ur intervalSi moxvedris albaToba:
b x a x
pi i i , sadac a i da bi aris i -uri intervalis sazRvrebi.

miRebuli albaTobebiT vipovoT Teoriuli sixSireebi n np i .
s (n n ) 2
kriteriumis statistikaa: 2 i i
2 ( s 3) . kritikuli wertilia: s2 3, ,
i 1
ni
uaryofis are: [ s2 3, ;) . gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis
2 statistika moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs. SezRudva: TiToeuli ni 5 .

7. damoukideblobis hipoTezis Semowmeba.

E es hipoTeza amowmebs populaciis raime ori A da B niSnis damoukideblobas.
Sesabamisad hipoTezebia: H 0 : A da B niSani damoukidebelia; H 1 : A da B niSani
damokidebulia. vTqvaT A niSnis doneebia A1 , A2 ,..., Ak , xolo B niSnis B1 , B2 ,..., Bm .

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aRvniSnoT nij - dakvirvebuli sixSire, anu A niSnis i -uri donis da B niSnis j -
uri donis mqone elementebis raodenoba n moculobis SerCevaSi.
n m (nij nij ) 2
kriteriumis statistika 2
2 ((n 1)(m 1)) , sadac
i 1 j 1 nij
k m
nij nij
i 1 j 1
nij mosalodneli sixSireebia. mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli
n
wertilia (2n 1)( m 1); . uaryofis are: [ (2n 1)( m 1); ,) . Tu kriteriumis statistika
2 moxvda uaryofis areSi nulovan hipoTezas uarvyofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
H 0 -is uaryofis safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
SezRudva: TiToeuli nij 5 .

8. erTgvarovnebis hipoTezis Semowmeba.

mocemuli gvaqvs k raodenobis populacia: A1 , A2 ,..., Ak , sadac k 1 da
TiToeul populacias SeviswavliT erTi da igive B niSnis mixedviT. am niSans
gaaCnia doneebi B1 , B2 ,..., Bm . vTqvaT populaciebidan aRebulia n1 , n2 ,..., nk Amoculobis
SerCevebi.
erTgvarovnebis hipoTeza gulisxmobs imis Semowmebas aris Tu ara mocemuli
SerCevebi aRebuli erTi da igive generaluri erTobliobidan. es Tu asea, maSin
albaToba imisa, rom SemTxveviT SerCeul elements axasiaTebs B niSnis erTi
romelime done yoveli populaciisaTvis toli unda iyos. anu hipoTezebia:
H 0 : p1 j p2 j ... pkj, j 1,2,...,m
H 1 : H 0 araa marTebuli.
n m (nij nij ) 2
kriteriumis statistika 2 ((n 1)(m 1)) , sadac nij
2
i 1 j 1 nij
dakvirvebuli sixSirea, anu Ai populaciis SerCevaSi B niSnis j -uri donis mqone
k
ni nij
i 1
elementebis raodenoba, xolo nij mosalodneli sixSireebia da
n
n n1 n2 ... nk . mniSvnelovnebis done . kritikuli wertilia (2n 1)( m 1); .

uaryofis are: [ (2n 1)( m 1); ,) . Tu kriteriumis statistika 2 moxvda uaryofis

areSi nulovan hipoTezas vuaryofT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi H 0 -is uaryofis
safuZveli ar gvaqvs.
SezRudva: TiToeuli nij 5 .

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