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Production Logging Presentation
Production Logging Presentation
prepared by:
Ahmed Abu-Shloua
Why should we Production Log Wells?
In the year 2003 seven barrels of water are being produced for every barrel of
oil.
This trend is set to continue.
Oil is a finite reserve, wells are getting older, we have to be more efficient
It cost more to produce water than to produce oil
The only way to find out what is happening downhole, for sure, is to lower tools
to the bottom of the well and measure what is happening.
What do we gain?
Information to assist in solving problems now and in the future.
The AIM?
To maximise the ultimate oil / gas recovery.
To justify the cost of remedial work or even the development of an entire field.
Production Profiling
7% 24%
14% Injection Profiling
Water Problems
10%
45% Excessive Gas Problems
Mechanical Problems
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
An example of: Profiling a New Well KR A 4
0 1 510500 -1 0 40 260 275
GAM M A R A Y (A P I ) C C L S P N R D N 3 0 F t / M (R P S ) T E M P E R A T U R E (D E G F )
-1 5 0 150 -1 0 40 1500 1700
LSP D N 3 0 F t / M (R P S ) S P N R D N 5 0 F t / M (R P S ) P R E S S U R E (P S I A )
-1 5 0 150 -1 0 40 4000 0
LSP D N 5 0 F t / M (R P S ) S P N R D N 7 5 F t / M (R P S ) F L U ID C A P A C IT A N C E
-1 5 0 150 -1 0 40 0 2
LSP D N 7 5 F t / M (R P S ) S P N R U P 3 0 F t / M (R P S ) D E N S I T Y (g / c c )
-1 5 0 150 -1 0 40
LSP U P 3 0 F t / M (R P S ) S P N R U P 5 0 F t / M (R P S )
-1 5 0 150 -1 0 40
CCL tells us LSP U P 5 0 F t / M (R P S ) S P N R U P 7 5 F t / M (R P S )
Temperature
-1 5 0 150
LSP U P 7 5 F t / M (R P S )
the perfs are
8100
indicates cooling
in the right
with gas production
location 8150
8200
Flowmeter shows
Gamma Ray that this section of
8250
Fluid ID
8450 tells us
which fluids
8500
are being
8550
produced
What would happen if the tools failed or the spinner did not work?.
This well was making 5000 BOPD. If it was a production well and
we had a mis-run the deferment of 12hrs oil would be $50,000.
Reliability is important financially and for our reputation.
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
An Example of: Quantifying Water Production
Excess water production will limit oil production
Production Log Interpreted Data
PKJ
Scintillation
Gamma
Ray
Encoder
Temperature - Fluid Movement
Fluid Capacitance - Fluid ID
Conducting
Knuckle
Joint
Ultrawire
Tool bus Telemetry
PDC
Dual
X-Y
Density - Fluid ID
Caliper
(Bowspring
for
Flowmeter - Total Flow
Open Hole)
ILS DBT
SRO PL Acquisition In-Line Diverter
System
Spinner Basket
Flowmeter Others:
FDR
Short Compact String Radioactive
Fluid
FDD
dP
Centralisers
Using Notebook PC Density Fluid
Density
X-Y Caliper
PRC
Roller
Centraliser
PSC
Springbow
Centraliser
(Open Hole
Gas Holdup
CTF
Combined
Capacitance
Completions)
In Line Spinner
Fast Response
Temperature
and Spinner rotation
pickup.
Capacitance Array Tool etc
Interchangeable
CFB
Continuous CFS CFJ
Fullbore Continuous Continuous
Flowmeters Roller Bearing JewelledBearing
Spinner Spinner
Flowmeter Flowmeter
-Changes in temperature
alter the resistance of a
Platinum wire. Consequently
Temperature There is a varying voltage
Differential across the probe
With temperature change.
Capacitance Water
Holdup
Capacitor
Plates
Fluid Path
In Gas: In Water:
Differential Differential
Pressure 2ft Pressure 2ft
is HIGH Silicon is LOW Silicon
Oil Oil
2ft GAS 2ft WATER
DP Sensor
Wellbore Inside Tool Wellbore Inside Tool
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
Flowmeters: (The King of the PL tools).
All are spinner type. The faster the spinner rotates, the faster the flowrate.
Tools are chosen to match the completion
In this case we use a CFB In this case we use a CFB and ILS
SIZE matters!
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
Production Logging Quantitative Analysis
Step 1: Determine Total Flowrate
Spinner 4
RPS 2
Dow nw ard 1000 BPD is:
0 Upw ard
-200 -150 -100 -50
-2
0 50 100 150 200
Linear (Upw ard)
9.6 ft/min in 9 5/8 Casing
-4 Line Speed / Fluid Vel Linear (Dow nw ard) 18.6 ft/min in 7 Casing
-6 79.8 ft/min in 3 1/2 Tubing
y = 0.0547x + 0.0229 -8
-10
Line Speed
Fluid Velocity = (RPS/Slope + Threshold) - Line Speed
Single Phase (Oil, Gas or Water) Barrels/Day = Average Velocity (ft/min) x 1.4 x ID^2
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
Step 2: Calculate the fraction of each phase in the wellbore (holdup) - 2 Phase flow.
From
DENSITY DENSITY vs HOLDUP
Heavy Holdup =
Water 1.2
Density Measured - Density Light
Density Log Density, g/cc 1.1
Density Heavy - Density Light
1
0.9
Light Holdup =
0.8
Oil 1 - Heavy Holdup
0.7
Density 0 0.5 1
Water Holdup, fraction
From
CAPACITANCE Water Holdup is a direct
Fractional Response
measurement.
CWH vs Water Holdup
Oil Freq. 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Water Holdup, fraction
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
Step 2a:
Calculate the fraction of each phase in the wellbore (holdup) - 3 Phase flow.
Oil holdup, Yo =
Gas holdup, Yg = 1 - Yw - Yo
Slip velocity is the difference in velocity between one phase and another.
The light phase travels up the well faster than the heavy phase.
This is one of the great unknowns many different correlations are available.
80.00
Light Phase
For example if flow was 100 ft/min and water holdup was 0.5
Water flow would be 50 ft/min and oil flow 50 ft/min.
Proposed location of
bridge plug
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
There would be no gain: The well would remain at 76% water cut (total of zones 1 to
3) and because the water cut is the same the BHP, hence flowrate would say the same.
PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S
Where Next ?: This Horizontal Well Production Log was recorded using
memory PL tools on coiled tubing. Why is it so good?
Because it is 99% water!
The CWH
tool shows
hydrocarbons
only at the
highest
point of the
well. The rest of
the production is
Depth: water.
1300m TVD
1325m TVD
GAS
Freq.
GAS
OIL
WATER
1-WELL INFORMATION
Complete Well bore diagram showing ID's and depths of all down hole
hardware.
Complete proposed logging program.
Shut-in Wellhead Pressure.
Flowing Wellhead Pressure. (For each flow rate)
Expected Flowrates to be used during logging program.
Expected fluid phases.
Well Deviation.
Pressure Build up/Draw down required.
Production rates of Gas/Oil/Water.
Sand production.
Concentrations of H2S/CO2 present. (Needed for inhibitor considerations and
choice of O Ring
and cable head boot material).
Natural or artificial lift.
Type of lift system. (Gaslift, Submersible pump).
Special requirements for lift system. ("Y" tool for logging below a submersible
pump; Gas
lift Side Pocket Mandrels (SPM)).
Need "Y" tool plug and hammer.
Details of SPM. (Special full bore flowmeter cage required?)
Does the well have a history of Yes Discuss with the client and plan
problems or a hostile environment? accordingly.
No
No
Yes
Start Logging Job
No
Is well stable and ready to be logged? Wait for well to be stable
Yes
Run In Hole
4. Warrior SRO PLT flow chart
Depth correlate tools
Print Log
Data in
Data Recalculation
Warrior Import Warrior Database
SRO data only
Edit Header
See what if the client required data is attainable by your PLT job.
For example: He may need to log fluid contacts behind casing or to flow-
profile multiple zones producing thru SSD.
If you are running MPL job & the Slick line cannot attain a steady
speed;the spinner data shall be invalid.Then consider conducting lots of
stations,say on a 5 ft intervals.
Farewell..!!