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Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) in LTE

Manually adding neighbor cells in network is indeed a very hectic process and prone
to errors as well. While networks are becoming more and more complex, it is
required to find an automatic and a more optimized way of adding neighbor cells.

ANR comes under the umbrella of Self Organizing Networks ( SON) features. ANR
relies on UE to detect unknown cells and report them to eNB. There are two major
types:

i) UE based ANR
ii) ANR with OAM Support

UE based ANR

No OAM support is required.

UE detects PCI of unknown cell when it needs to do measurement (as configured
by network)
In case of inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements, eNB needs to configure
measurement gaps/or DRX so UE can detect PCI to different frequencies as well.
UE reports the unknown PCI to eNB via RRC-Reconfiguration message.
eNB request UE to report Eutran Cell Global ID (ECGI).
UE reports ECGI by reading BCCH channel.
eNB retrieves the IP address from MME to further setup the x2 interface.

ANR with OAM Support

OAM support is required

Every new eNB registers to OAM and download the table with information of
PCI/ECGI/IP related to neighbors
Neighbors also update their own table with new eNB information
Now like "UE based ANR", UE will detect unknown PCI and report it to the eNB
eNB doesn't request for ECGI and does not need support from MME
eNB setups x2 interface with the help of mapping table created in second step
above

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