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entry areas. The overall landscape design will soften the appearance of many elements and create
visual appeal by screening unsightly desert views.
Plant Size
The following provided is a broad range of acceptable heights and spreads for key plant types:
Trees will generally be 1.5-2.0m clear trunk and have a minimum caliper (measured at 500mm
above ground level) of 15mm.
Shrubs will generally be 450-800mm height (twin or multi-stemmed).
Groundcovers will generally range from 100mm-400mm in height and 200mm-400mm in
spread depending on the species.
18.1.8.6 Specifications and Guidelines
The following standards are referred to this part:
QCS (Qatar Construction Specification): Section 28 Landscape Planting & Section 27 External
Works.
Standards Title
QCS Qatar Construction Specifications 2014
BS CP 3, Chapter V, Part 2 : 1972 Basic Data for Design of Buildings Wind Loads.
Including all amendments: British Standards Institutions
Amd.4952 - January 1986;
Amd.5152 March 1986;
Amd.5343 June 1986;
Amd.6028 September 1988;
Amd.7908 September 1993)
BSI BS CP 2012 Code of Practice for Foundations for machinery
BS 1377 Methods of test for Soils for civil engineering purposes
BS 4320 Metal washers for general engineering purposes metric series
Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel Bar, coil
BS 4449
and decoiled product Specification
BS 4483 Steel Fabric for the Reinforcement of Concrete - Specification
BS 1377 Methods of test for Soils for civil engineering purposes
BS 4592 - 1 to 5: 2006 Industrial Type Floorings and Stair Treads
Specifications for the use of High Strength Friction Grip Bolts in Structural
BS 4604 - 1 & 2: 1970
Steelwork
S 5328 1:1997 Part 1: Guide to specifying Concrete
BS 5328 2:1997 Part 2: Methods for specifying concrete mixes
Part 3: Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and transporting
BS 5328 3:1990
concrete
2
Note 1: For stores a live load of 2.4 kN/m shall be considered for each metre of storage height.
Note 2: The actual load of electrical, instrumentation & building services equipment weight shall be
obtained from the equipment vendor. Where the actual equipment load is greater than the floor live
loads tabulated above, actual equipment loads shall be applied to the equipment foot print area in the
design (e. g. instrument panels, switchboards, mechanical equipment, etc.).
Except where equipment loads produce more severe loading, the following minimum roof live loads
shall be applied:
Roof Details Imposed LL (kN/m2) Sand (kN/m2) Total LL (kN/m2) Point Load (kN)
Roof slope 0 to 10, with access
with parapet 1.5 1.0 2.5 1.8
no parapet 1.5 0 1.5 1.8
Corrugated roof, slope < 30
with parapet 0.6 1.0 1.6 0.9
no parapet 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.9
Corrugated roof, slope > 30
with parapet 0.6 0 0.6 0.9
no parapet 0.6 0 0.6 0.9
Note: Loads from roof water tanks and roof mounted equipment including associated concrete plinths
shall be applied as live loads, in addition to the uniformly distributed roof live loads tabulated above.
18.2.3.3 Equipment Load
Equipment loads shall include the weight of all machinery and/or process equipment including vessels,
heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, etc., together with any attachments and weight of liquid or
solid materials in machinery / equipment. Equipment load shall include dynamic loads from pulsating
and vibrating equipment and from surging fluids. Equipment load shall be derived either from
equipment vendor or data supplied by the mechanical / plant / process engineer as appropriate.
Manually
Direction of Load Electrically Operated (%)
Operated (%)
Vertical: increase static wheel loads by 25 10
Horizontal force transverse to the rails
taken as percentage (load + crab 10 5
weight)
Horizontal force along the rails taken as
5 5
percentage of static wheel load
For the design purpose, wind shall be assumed to come from any direction.
Unit weight of soil and water shall be considered in the design as shown below.
Unit Weight of Saturated Soil
3
18 kN/m
Unit Weight of Water
3
10 kN/m
Other soil parameters shall be considered as per soil investigation report for each building location.
The effect of ground water table on the structure shall be considered.
Load combinations involving minimum dead load and maximum overturning loads shall be included in
the structural analysis and design. Appropriate load factors within all load combinations shall be
applied in accordance with the design code(s) being used. The most unfavourable load conditions for
all other structures shall be taken into account as per applicable codes.
18.2.4 Paving & Trench Cover Loads
18.2.4.1 General
Concrete paved areas, as shown on drawings, shall be subdivided into rectangular sections with
maximum dimensions 5 x 5 m. Joints shall be filled with an oil resistant compound.
Concrete paving may support small equipment (e.g., small pumps, staircases) up to 20kN with local
strengthening of slab.
18.2.4.2 Type of Paving
Trench and trench covers for heavy-duty paving shall be designed for a minimum axle load of 30
Metric Tons.
18.2.4.4 Contact Pressure under Base Plates
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The maximum concrete pressure beneath base plates shall be limited to 5 N/mm . A 25% increase
can be permitted for wind loading.
18.2.4.5 Stability Ratios
In stability analysis calculations, using unfactored working loads, the following stability ratios shall be
applied as a minimum:
1. Overturning : 2.00;
2. Sliding : 1.50; and
3. Uplift : 1.50; (including overburden)
1.10; (no allowance for overburden or skin friction, e.g., construction
case)
Due consideration shall be given to buoyancy where foundations are submerged by ground water.