OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

1. Define open channel flow with examples.

Flow of liquid with a free surface (i.e., surface exposed to atmosphere)
through any passage is known as open channel flow. The liquid flowing
through any closed passage without touching the top can also treated as
open
channels.
Examples:
1. Flow in natural waterfalls, river and streams
2. Flow in artificial or man-made channels such as irrigation channels and
flumes.
3. Closed conduit or pipe carries liquid partially (sewers that carry domestic
or
industrial waste water).
Generally, liquid flowing in open channel in water.
2. Explain laminar and turbulent flow.
(a) Laminar flow:
If Reynolds number of flow is less than 500, it is called as Laminer
flow. The value of Reynolds number is between 500 and 2000, the
flow is transitional.