NyeinNaing AshaytAnaut

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03 - 07 2010
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Nidrf;Edkif

ElectronicBook
FirstEdition
July2010
MyanmarCupidCommiunityForum
PDFDesignbySuuChit
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*sLwDrsm; rqif;&bJ pmzwfNyD; bGJUvGef0ifcGifh ajz&efjzpfonf/
&onf/ odkYaomf uefYowfcsufESifh jzpfonf/ xdkbmom&yfudkom
bGJUvGefajz&rnf[k vufrSwfxdk;&rnfwJh/ olu rxdk;Edkif[k
qdkawmh 'gqdk e,fydkYrnfwJh/ olu tdkau oGm;rnf[k ajzcJhonf/
pmrsufESm - 12
&efukefrSm ESpfESpfcGJ MumNyD;aemuf e,fajymif;rdefYawG
xGufvmonf/
wu,fawmh ol rdkufrJjcif;om jzpfonf/ vlvdrmrsm;uawmh
vufrSwfxdk;vdkufMuonf/ aemufMumawmhvnf; xdk wyGJxdk;
Oya'ysufoGm;NyD; udk,fBudKufonfh bmom&yfudk wufcGifh&
MuwmyJjzpfonf/ 'gayrJh olY pdwfu vdrfNyD;awmh qdkif;rxdk;Edkif/

pmrsufESm - 13
ol oGm;&rnfh NrdKYemrnf Mum;Mum;csif;u b,fem;rSmrSef; rod

ojzifh jrefrmjynfajryHkrSm ajy;Munfh&ao;onf/
&efukefrSmarG; &efukefrSm BuD;vmolu wpfcgrS ra&mufzl;aom
trsdK;taqG todtuRrf;r&Sdaom e,frSm oGm;ae&rnfqdkawmh
enf;enf;awmh pdwfxJav;rdonf/ oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu

olYtod &Sdonf[k ajymojzifh oludkac:NyD; tajctae t&if
oGm;MunhfMuonf/ ukef;wwef a&wwefESifh naezufBuD;
a&mufoGm;onf/ oli,fcsif;\ todudk&Smawmh c&D;xGuf
oGm;onf[kod&onf/ 'gayr,fh tusKd;taMumif; ajymjyawmh
wnf;cdkzdkY pDpOfay;Muonf/ NyD;awmh aq;Hkbuf Munfh&ef
xGufcJhonf/ 0if;0if;vwf&JU ]tcspf\aemufqufwGJpmrsufESmrsm;}
zwfxm;zl;onf qdkawmh cGJpdwf&ef 0goemygolyDyD tJhonf
0wKxJuvdk cGJpdwfcef;rsKd;udk arQmfvifhrdonf/ &JwdkufxJu
tif'l;arqefvdk e,fNrdKYav;rSm vufpGrf;awG jycGifh&&if
aumif;rnf[k pdwful;,Ofrdonf/
pmrsufESm - 14
aq;Hku ao;ao;av;/ cGJpdwfcef;awmh &Sdygonf/ avmavm
q,f q&m0ef wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdonf/ NrdKYe,f q&m0efBuD;r&Sd/
acwvkyfay;aeonfh wdkufe,f q&m0ef wpfa,muf&Sdonf/
olYxufawmh toufBuD;onf/ 0ifEIwfqufNyD; tajctae
vmMunhfjcif;jzpfaMumif; reufjzef jyefrnfhtaMumif;ESifh
a&SUvqef;wGif owif;ydkY tvkyf0ifrnfh taMumif;ajymonf/ xdk
q&m0efu 'Dn AdkufcGJarG;&rnfh vlem&SdaMumif;/ pdwf0ifpm;vQif
0ifvkyfEdkifaMumif;ajymawmh vdIufceJ &ifckefoGm;onf/ cGJ&
pdwf&rnf toHMum;vQif onfvdkbJ aoG;<uvmwwfonf/
pcGJrnfh tcsdefar;NyD; jyefvmcJhrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/
csdef;onfhtcsdef aq;Hk a&mufoGm;awmh xdkq&m0efomru
tjym0wf olemjyKq&mrBuD;? teD0wf olemjyKq&mrESifh
tvkyform;rsm;yg awGU&onf/ / za,mif;wdkif rD;a&mifatmufrSm
olYudk rdwfqufay;Muonf/ cPaeawmh rD;pufEId;NyD;
cGJpdwfcef;0ifzdkY jyifMuonf/ tJhonfrSm olYtzdkY tHhMop&mawGESifh
pawGU&awmhonf/ cGJcef;0ifzdkY 0wfpHkawmif;awmh ]rvdkygbl;
q&m&,f . . uRefawmfawmh 'gyJ 0wfw,f} qdkNyD; acgif;rS

pGwfvdkY&onfh Apron ac: yvyfpwpfp xkwfay;onf/
cGJcef;xJa&mufvdkY vlemudkMunhfvdkufawmh cGJpdwfukwifay:rSm
vlemudk BudK;eJYwkyfxm;onf/ b,fvdkjzpfwmvnf; ar;Munhfawmh
kef;rSmpdk;vdkY[kajymonf/ aocsmar;MunhfawmhrS ay;rnfharhaq;u
trSefwu,f oHk;&efoifhawmfonfh arhaq;r[kwf/ wu,fu
cg;xHkaq; odkYr[kwf udk,f0efESifh oifhawmfrnfh arhaq;udk
ay;&rnf/ tJhonftwGuf aq;awG ypnf;awGr&Sd/ onfawmh
temcGJHkavmuf twGufomoHk;onfh Katalar ac: arhaq;udk
xdk;NyD; cGJrnf/ onfaq;u cPyJ arhrnf/ NyD;vQif vlemu
pmrsufESm - 15
owd&ovdk r&ovdkESifh atmf[pfkef;uefwwfonf/ 'gtwGuf
vlemudk csnfwkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olawmfawmf pdwfukef
oGm;onf/ onfvlawGuawmh vkyfaeMurdkY bmrS rqef;onfhyHkpH/
onfvdkESifh pcGJonf/ onfrSm odvdkuf&onfu onf
wdkufe,fq&m0ef aumif;aumif;rcGJwwfbl; qdkwmjzpfonf/
jrefjrefxufxuf vkyf&rnfudk jznf;jznf;av;av;ESifh
AdkufzGifhonf/ om;tdrfudk "m;&may; cGJvdkufNyD; cav;udk xkwf
aewm awmfawmfESifh uav;xGufrvm/ aemufqHk; olraeEdkifawmh
ojzifh ]q&musaemfxkwfay;&rvm;} ar;vdkufawmh ]at;Asm
vkyfprf;ygOD;? usaemfh vufu BuD;awmh odyftqifrajybl;} [k
qdkonf/ ol bmrSrajymyJ om;tdrfxJ vufEIdufNyD; cav;
xkwfay;vdkufonf/
trSefu onfarhaq;ESifh vkyfvQif Mumav cav;twGuf
tE&m,frsm;av jzpfonf/ tckvnf; cav;u
tjyifa&mufa&mufcsif; ridk/ wzufrSmuvnf; cav;xkwf tcsif;
xkwfNyD;oGm;onfESifh om;tdrfu aoG;awG a0gceJ

xGufvmawmhonf/ aocsmMunhfvdkufawmh xdkyk*dKvfcGJxm;wm
tawmfrsm;onf/ 'ghtjyif wdwdusus r[kwfyJ qGJqkwfxm;ovdk
jzpfaeonf/ aoG;tdkifxJrSmyif om;tdrfudk jyefcsKyfzdkY
BudK;pm;aeonf/ cufonfu cGJpdwfonf qdkonfrSm qm*sif[k
ac:onfh t"du OD;aqmifolu vkyfaevQif ab;uvlu
ulay;Hkom wwfEdkifonf/ tckrS awGYonfholqdkawmh b,fvdk
qufqH&rvnf; qdkwm tajctae Munhf&ao;onf/ cifAsm;
vkyfaewm rSm;aeNyDvdkY b,fvdkajymrvJ/ wzufrSmvnf;
cav;idkoH rMum;&ao;/ xdkyk*dKvfuawmh cav; ridkonfudk
tmHkjyKrdyHkyif r&/ q&mrukd aoG;awGpkyfygOD; rjrif&bl;/
pmrsufESm - 16
[dkcsKyfBudK;ay;OD; onfcsKyfBudK;ay;OD; ajymaeonf/ ol
ulay;ae&if;uae cav;udkMunhfaeonfh teD0wfq&mrudk cav;
tajctae vSrf;ar;&onf/ NyD;awmh ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfxJrS
t&nfrsm; pkyfxkwfypfzdkYajym&onf/ 'gvnf; cav;u ridkao;/
yg;pyfcsif;awhNyD; zGzG rIwf&efajymonf/ NyD;awmh &ifbwfESifh
ausmudk tomt,m zdnpfckdif;&onf/ cPaerS wtdtd
cav;idkoH xGufvmonf/ cav; pdwfcs&NyDqdkawmh tarzuf
vSnfh& jyefonf/ xdkyk*dKvfudk q&mvkyfonfvnf; rjzpfatmif
twwfEdkifqHk; xdef;NyD; csKyfoifhonhf ae&mrsm;udk qGJawh
ay;&onf/ q&m 'gcsKyf 'Dae&mav;csKyf ponfjzifh ajym&onf/
onfMum;xJrSm vlemu owdjyefvnfvmNyD; atmfawmhonf/
q&m0efrsm;cGJpdwfaeonfESifh rwlawmh/ om;owfHkvdk jzpfaeNyD/
aq;ykvif;xJokdY tdyfaq;rsm; xyfxnfhcdkif;&jyefonf/
jrefjrefNyD;zdkY vdkvmonf/
aemufqHk; ol raeEdkifawmh/ zGifhajym&awmhonf/ ]q&m
uRefawmf qufvkyfvdkufr,f/ q&m xGufem;vdkufygvm;
uRefawmf 'gavmufawmh vkyfwwfygw,f} [kajymawmh yk*dKvfu

ta&;BuD;onfh tydkif; NyD;oGm;ojzifh vufaxmufESifh xm;cJhovdk
yHkpHjzifh ]tdkauq&m qufvkyfvkdufaygh} [k ajymNyD; vufaq;&ef
xGufoGm;onf/ olvnf; ae&majymif;NyD; tjrefNyD;atmif
vkyf&onf/ EdkYrdk vlematmfoHu wNrdKYvHk;Mum;avmufonf/
tm;vHk;NyD;oGm;awmh cav;udk wpfcsufMunhfonf/ pdwfcs&rSef;
aocsmawmhrS &ifat;oGm;onf/ [dkyk*dKvfuawmh bmrS pdwfylyHk
r&/ cPaeawmh tjyifrSm vlem&Sifrsm;udk pum;ajymaeoH
Mum;&onf/ tvGefcufcufcJcJ vkyf&aMumif;? om;tdrfuGJoGm;
ojzifh renf;jyefcsKyf xm;&aMumif;awG atmfBuD;[pfus,f
pmrsufESm - 17
ajymaeonf/ cav; cGJarG;ygonf qdkrSawmh om;tdrfudk
zGifh&rSmaygh/ 'grsm; tqef;vkyf <um;ae&ao;onf/
tcsdefMunhfvdkufawmh 12 em&DcefYyif jzpfaeNyD/ reufvnf;
apmapm x&OD;rnfjzpfojzifh xdkyk*dKvfudk EIwfqufNyD;jyefcJhonf/
'Dyk*dKvfESifh tvkyf twlvkyf&rSm rvG,fygvm;/
aemufaeY oli,fcsif;ESifhtwl &efukefjyefcJhonf/ 2 ygwfcefY
tMum ypnf;rsm;ygo,f xdkNrdKYuav;odkY jyefa&mufvmcJhonf/
a&mufp&ufrsm;wGif aq;Hk0if;xJu oHCmaqmifwGif acw
aeonf/ oHCmaqmifu oHCmawmfvlemr&Sdojzifh vGwfaeonf/
[dkyk*dKvfu TMO ac: NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD; twGufxm;onfh
tdrfrSmaeonf/ aygif;oif; qufqHa&;uawmh tvGefaumif;
avonf/ olYudk aeYpOf tdrfrSmac: xrif;auR;onf/ qdkifrSm
pm;ygrnf qdkonfudk r&/ tdrf&Sm&NyD; udk,fhtdrfrSm udk,f
csufrpm;ao;wJhtxd olYqDrSmyJ pm;[k qdkonf/
wjznf;jznf;ESifh xdkol\ vkyfyHkudkifyHkrsm; odvm&onf/
aq;HkrSm p&dwfrQay;aq;qdkif&Sdonf/ 0efxrf;oufomtwGuf

zGifhxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 'gayr,fh xdkyk*dKvfu tdrfrSm aq;a&mif;
onf/ vlemrsm;u if;tdrfrSmom aq;0,f&onf/ aq;Hku
qdkifrSm r0,f&/ w&uf xdkyk*dKvf wdkif;NrdKUwufoGm;ojzifh ol
wpfa,mufwnf; 0g'fh round onf/ naerSmvnf; pdwfrcsojzifh
aq;HkudkwpfacgufoGm;vSnfhonf/
vlemwpfcsKdY aysmufaeonfudk owdxm;rdonf/ b,fa&muf
ukefMuovJar;awmh q&mru...
pmrsufESm - 18
]q&mBuD; aq;cef;oGm;w,f} [k ajzonf/ olvnf; tHhMo
oGm;NyD; ][if... r&Sdbl;r[kwfvm; __wufoGm;w,fav?
reufjzefrS jyefa&mufrSmqdk} [kajymawmh q&mru NyHK;NyD;
]ol r&Sdvnf; olYom;awG aq;cef;xdkifw,f} [kajzonf/
olvnf; tvGeftHhMooGm;onf/
]b,fvdkvkyf olYom;awGu aq;cef;xdkifovJ . . csmwdwf
awGyJ &Sdao;wJh[m . .}
]q&m&,f . . t&ifaeYu ay;wJhaq;yJ xyfay;wmaygh}
]uJyg xm;ygawmhav . . . aq;Hku vlemawGu bmoGm;
vkyfwmvJ? aq;oGm;,lwmvm;? aq;HkurS rqif;&ao;wJh[m}
]tif; 'gu... q&mBuD; vkyfxm;wJhudp? naeqdk olYaq;cef;rSm
aq;oGm;xdk;&w,f}
ol bmjyefajym&rSef;rodatmif tHhMooGm;cJh&onf/
]q&mrwdkYuvnf; 'DvdkyJ vTwfwmyJvm;}

]q&m&,f . . olu q&m0efBuD;yJ? olajymwmudk usrwdkYu
b,fvdkvkyf uefYuGuf&rSmvJ? 'DvdkyJ q&ma& . . Munhfusuf
ae&wmyJ? q&mvnf; aewwfatmifaeaygh? aemuf wjznf;jznf;
odvmygvdrfhr,f}

olvnf; aezdkYtdrfudk tjrefqHk;awGUatmif&SmNyD; iSm;um

ajymif;aeonf/ aq;HkESifh tenf;i,f vSrf;onf/ rwwfEdkif/
pmrsufESm - 19
tdrfajymif;aeNyD;aemuf tjyifxrif;qdkifrSm ajymif;pm;onf/
'gayrJh 4-5 &ufavmuf pm;NyD;awmh qdkifxrif;awGudk teHYrcHcsif?
jrifawmifrjrifcsif jzpfvmonf/ bm[if;jzpfjzpf 'DteYH/
udk,fhudkudk,f *sD;rrsm;ol[k xifxm;cJhwm rSm;rSef;odvmonf/
wynfhwpfa,mufu olcsufay;rnf[k ajymojzifh tdk;cGuf
yef;uefrsm; 0,f&onf/ wynfhu reufydkif;vmNyD; nreufpm
csufjyKwfay;oGm;onf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf qdkifrSm pm;&wmxuf
trsm;BuD;omonf/
tdrftopfrSm aeom;usatmif vkyfNyD;aemuf rvkyfcsif
aomfvnf; rjzpfraetvkyfwpfckudk vkyf&onf/ aq;cef;zGifh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ pajymif;onfhaeY naeuwnf;u vlawGu q&m
aq;cef; rzGifhao;bl;vm; vmvm ar;aeMu&m ypnf;awG bmrS
rjyif&ao;vdkY[k ajymxm;&onf/
aq;cef;pzGifhonfESifh vlemu yHkvmawmhonf/ 'Dae&mrSm
tcuftcJwpfck awGU&jyefonf/ vlemxHrS ydkufqHawmif;onfh
udp/ wpfcgrS vlemxHrS b,favmufusygw,f[k zGifhrawmif;

zl;cJh/ tckvnf; ajymrxGuf/ onfawmh wynfhudk oifay;&onf/
olajymonfh aq;rsm;udk txkwfxkwf? vlemudk aomufyHk
aomufenf; ajymcdkif;NyD; wpfcgwnf; ydkufqHawmif;ap&onf/
aq;wpf&ufpm bmay;ay; yHkrSefaps;/ aq;aps;awG bmawG
pOf;pm;raeawmh/ rSwfvnf; ol rrSwfrd/ wynfhuawmh aocsm
wGufMunhfNyD; q&m,lwmenf;w,f[k ajymonf/ rIH;&if
NyD;a&maygh[k ajym&onf/
wjznf;jznf;ESifh odvm&onfh owif;rsm;u onfNrdKYrSm
q&m0efu olra&mufciftxd ESpfOD;om&Sdonf/ xdkyk*dKvfESifh
pmrsufESm - 20
ausmif;usef;rma&; q&m0efrwpfOD;/ xdk wdkufe,fq&m0efu
q&m0efBuD;qdkNyD; emrnfcHxm;awmh vlemydk&onf/ aq;Hk
wufcsifvQif xdk wdkufe,fq&m0ef aq;cef;urS wufvdkY&onf/
wdkufe,fq&m0ef\ vufrSwfrygbJ aq;Hka&mufvmvQif
vrf;ravQmufEdkifonfh vlemuvGJ q&mrrsm;u aq;cef;
wpfacguf jyefvTwf&onf/ aq;cef;u ydkufqH,lwmvnf;
awmfawmfav; rsm;onf/
tck ola&mufvmawmh vlemawGu oufomvdk oufomnm;
xdkYtjyif tajctae b,fvdk&Sdovnf; pHkprf;&if; vmjyMujcif;
jzpfonf/ 'Dq&m0eftopf b,fvdkaeovJ[k pHkprf;onfh oabm
vmjyMuyHk&onf/
onftcsdefrSm u,fwif&Sif ay:vmonf/ wu,fh NrdKYe,f
q&m0efBuD; a&mufvmjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkq&mBuD;rSm
ajcmufq,fem; eD;aeNyDjzpfonf/ csif;jynfe,frS vmonf[k
od&onf/ wpfa,mufwnf; a&mufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
a&mufvmNyD;aemuf xdkwdkufe,fq&m0efxHrS tvkyfrsm;

vGJ,lonf/ xdkaemuf olYudk pum;tenf;i,f ac:ajymonf/
reufjzef olYNrdKUudk cP jyefOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ csufcsif;
jyefvmEdkifOD;rnf rxifaMumif;/ wpfa,mufa,mufudkawmh acw
NrdKUe,fq&m0eftjzpf jyefvTJcJh&OD;rnf[k ajymonf/
xdkpum;Mum;&awmh pdwfysuf oGm;&jyefonf/ onfwdkufe,f
q&m0efESifh qufawGUae&OD;rnfaygh/
aemufaeY olaq;Hk a&mufoGm;awmh wdkufe,fq&m0ef yk*dKvf
r&Sd/ q&m0efBuD;uvnf; Hk;ay:rSm tvkyfIyfaeonf/ ol
wpfa,mufwnf; vlemrsm; vSnfhMunhfNyD; aeYvnf
pmrsufESm - 21
Hk;ay:wufoGm;awmh q&m0efBuD;ESifh pma&;rwdkY tvkyfIyf
aeMuqJ/ olvnf; cPaeNyD; aq;HkzufjyefoGm;NyD; tvkyfrsm;
vkyfaevdkufonf/ nae tdrfjyefNyD; aq;cef;qufxdkifonf/ nae
arSmifpysKd;csdefwGif Hk;rSpma&;r aq;cef;a&mufvmonf/ olYudk
q&m xDaygufw,f[k ajymNyD; pm&Gufwpf&Guf xdk;ay;onf/
Munhfvdkufawmh NrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD;rS olYtm; acw
NrdKUe,fq&m0eftjzpf vTJajymif;oGm;aompm/
][if . . q&mBuD;a&m} . . [kar;awmh ]tcknaeyJ jyefoGm;NyD}
[kajymonf/
]bmrSvnf; ajymroGm;ygvm;}
pma&;ru ar;onfudk rajzEdkif/
]q&m ... aq;HkudkvdkufcJhOD;q&m ... [dkrSm q&mOD;__u tck
nwGif;csif; olYwdkufe,fudk jyefzdkY ypnf;awGodrf;aeNyD/ NyD;awmh
aq;pwdkudkvnf; zGifhNyD; olb,fwkef;u wdkif;uxkwfxm;rSef;
rodwJh aq;awG tckrS olYtdrfay:uae pwdkxJ xnfhaew,f/

pm&if;r&Sd bmr&Sd uRefr b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ/ wu,fqdk
tajymif;tvJrSm ground aumuf&rSm? tJ'g q&mvkdufcJhOD;}
aq;Hk vdkufoGm;Munhfawmh wu,fyJ xdkyk*dKvfonf ypnf;rsm;
odrf;aeNyD/ olu
]q&m&,f b,fvdkjzpfwmvnf; nbufBuD;? aemufaeYrS
at;at;aq;aq; jyefvnf;&om;eJY} qdkawmh ]r[kwfbl;
q&ma&... [dkrSm uRefawmfhqDu aumifawG vmac:aeMuvdkY
pmrsufESm - 22
olwdkYeJY pufavSBuHK &Sdwkef;av;qdkawmh ydktqifajywmaygh} [k
qdkonf/
NyD;awmh tdwfBuD;tdwfi,frsm; o,faeMuonf/ aq;pwdk
rSmvnf; yGifhvsuf/ pma&;ruawmh pwdkcef;a&SUrSm yGpdyGpd
vkyfaeonf/ Hk;u 0efxrf;uav;rsm;udk tckrSpwdkxJxnfhonfh
ypnf;awGudk pm&if;vkyfckdif;aeonf/
olvnf; pdwfysufvufysufjzifh
]uJ . . uJ . . 'DtcsdefBuD;awmh vkyfraeMueJYawmh? bmvnf;
pm&if;uGmae&if olYqDu jyefawmif;rvdkYvm;? tJovdkBuD;
awmhvnf; b,faumif;yghrvJ? xnfhr,fqdkwmawG xnfh? NyD;&if
pwdkwHcg;ydwf? aomh uRefawmf ,loGm;r,f} [kajymNyD; cPapmifh?
NyD;awmh aomh,lNyD; xGufvmcJhonf/
aq;rsm; pm&if;uGmaernfrSm aocsmonf/ tcktcsdefusrS
xdkyk*dKvfudk uJ q&m aq;pm&if;awG uGmaew,f/ &Sif;oGm;OD;[k
b,fvdkvkyf ajymrnfenf;/ aemufwpfcku xdkolYxHrS NrdKUe,f

q&m0efBuD;udk vTJcJhNyD;NyD/ NrdKUe,f q&m0efBuD;urSwqifh olYudk
pm&Gufay:rSm vTJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ wu,f pum;ajymMuaMu;qdk
NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;ESifhom qdkifonf/
tjyefvrf;rSm tdwfcsdef;Hk;udk0ifNyD; wdkif;udk zkef;qufonf/
wdkif;OD;pD;rSL; q&m0efBuD;ESifh awGUonf/ tusKd;taMumif;
ajymjyawmh tckavmavmq,f wwfEdkifoavmuf xdef;xm;yg/
tJhonf NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD; 21 &ufausmfrS jyefrvmvQif Hk;pm
a&;wifyg [kajymonf/ NyD;awmh 0efxrf;rsm; vcay;EdkifzdkY
pDpOfxm;&ef ajymonf/ wdkif;rSvnf; b,fvdkrS rwwfEdkif/
pmrsufESm - 23
0efxkyf0efydk;BuD; wpfckuawmh ycHk;ay: a&mufvmcJhavNyD/
ukoa&;bufudk rylyifaomfvnf; tkyfcsKyfa&; Hk;vkyfief;rsm;rSm
bmrS tawGUtBuHKr&Sdojzifh &ifav;rdonf/

onfvdkESifh awmNrdKUe,fav;wpfNrdKUrSm wpfOD;wnf;aom

q&m0ef jzpfvmonf/ rSm;vQif ajymrnfholr&Sd/
a0zefaxmufjyrnfhol r&Sd/ wdkifyifaqG;aEG; &rnfhol r&Sd/
aq;Hkudpvnf; udk,f/ Hk;udpvnf; udk,f/
NrdKUe,f q&m0efBuD;ESifh wkdufe,f q&m0efwdkY jyefoGm;NyD;
aemufaeYrSmyif jyemrsm;udk pawGU&awmhonf/ aq;Hk
a&mufawmh q&mrBuD;uvmajymonf/ [kd wdkufe,fq&m0efonf
aq;Hkydkif tD;pD*sD puftopfESifh if;ydkif pufta[mif;udk vJoHk;
ae&mrS ,ck jyefvJroGm;cJhbJ aq;HkrSpuftopfudk ,loGm;
aMumif;? pma&;rESifh uGefaygif'guvnf; aq;pwdkrSm aq;rsm;

pm&if; tajrmuftrsm; uGmaeaMumif;? aemufvtwGuf
0efxrf;rsm; vcxkwfay;Edkif&ef Drawing officer vufrSwf
vkyf&rnfjzpf&m 0efxrf;wpfOD;udk &efukefodkY vTwf&rnfhtaMumif;?
Hk;zufrS q&mrBuD;uvnf; 0efxrf;oufom aq;qdkifrSm
aq;ra&mif;&ojzifh tHI;jyvkeD;eD; jzpfaeaMumif;? wdkif;rS
vcsKyfrsm; rydkYonfrSm MumaeNyDjzpf awmif;aeNyDjzpfaMumif;?
cav;rsm; umuG,faq;wdkufaeYtwGuf tEkpdwfpDrHudef; rqGJ
&ao;aMumif;? aq;HkrS vlemrsm; tdrfomrSm oHk;vkdYr&avmuf
atmif ysufaeNyDjzpfaMumif;? usm;vlemaqmif rsufESmusufrSm
pmrsufESm - 24
NydKuscgeD; aeNyDjzpf&m ,cif q&m0efudk ajymxm;onfrSm MumNyD
jzpfaomfvnf; bmrQ vkyfray;ao;aMumif; . . . . . .
ol tm;vHk;udk bmrS jyefrajymEdkif/ rsufvHk;t0dkif;om;ESifh
tawmfMum jyefMunhfaevdkufrdonf/ uRefawmf rodbl;Asm cifAsm;
wdkY vkyfcsifovdk vkyfMu[k ajym&ifaumif;rvm;/ twefMumrS
pma&;rudk
]uJ. . . r__a&? uRefawmfhudk vkyf&r,fh udpawG pm&if;
csa&;ay;xm;Asm? tckavmavmq,fawmh vlemawG t&if
MunhfvkdufOD;r,f} qkdNyD; tcsdefqGJ&onf/
aemufrS wpfckcsif; aocsmar;NyD; ajz&Sif;&onf/ tD;pD*sDpuf
twGuf wdkufe,fq&m0efxH pmxnfhNyD; jyefawmif;&onf/
jyefawmh ydkYay;ygonf/ xdktD;pD*sDpufrSm r,urS vSLxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ r,u uvnf; owif;Mum;ovm; rod/ tD;pD*sDpuf
aumif;&JUvm;/ toHk;0if&JUvm; bmvm;[k olYudk ac:ar;onf/
vlemaqmif rsufESmusufrSm oHk;xyfom;ESifh vkyfxm;jcif;

jzpfonf/ rsufESmMuufxJodkY cdkrsm; pmuav;rsm; 0iftodkuf
aqmuf csD;ygESifh Mumawmh tav;csdefrsm;vmum rcHEdkif
jzpfvmjcif; jzpfonf/ tcsyfvdkuf jyKwfusawmhrnfh tajctae
jzpfaeonf/ jyifqifzdkYtwGuf ukefusrnfhp&dwf wGufcdkif;NyD;
pma&;rudk b,f bwf*sufu oHk;vdkY&rvJar;awmh -
]aq;Hk jyifqifp&dwfu r&Sdbl;q&m? q&m jyifcsif&if pma&;
wif&r,f? xHk;pHtwdkif; MumrSmaygh}
uHaumif;csifawmh tJhonf&ufykdif;xJrSm r,uHk;rS Hk;0efxrf;
wpfa,muf AdkufatmifhNyD; aq;Hka&mufvmonf/ prf;oyf
pmrsufESm - 25
Munhfvdkufawmh tpmtdrfaygufjcif; jzpfonf/ ta&;ay:
cGJpdwf&onf/ cGJpdwfrI atmifjrifonf/ r,u Ou|vmMunhfckduf
pum;pyfatmif ajymNyD; aq;Hktajctaeudk jyvdkufonf/
Ou|u rsufESmusuf jyifay;zdkY olwdkY wm0ef,lygw,f[k
ajymojzifh jyemwpfck ajyvnfoGm;onf/
tdrfomudk oGm;Munhfawmh Septic tank u vQHaeNyD/ ,ifvHk
tdrfom oHk;Muyg aqmufMuyg[k vlMum;xJ atmfaeonfh
usef;rma&;Xmetdrfomu vljrifvdkYrSrawmf/ csufjcif;ajz&Sif;vdkY
&Edkifonfh enf;vrf;u q,fypfzdkYyJ &Sdonf/ vl&Smcdkif;NyD;
q,fypf&onf/ jyemu vlemOD;a&ESifh tdrfomrrQjcif;
jzpfonf/ aemufrS tdrfomxyfaqmufzdkY pOf;pm;&rnf/
aq;pm&if;awG uGmaeonfh udpudkawmh q&mrBuD;tm;
wjznf;jznf;csif; toHk;jy&efajym&onf/
NrdKYe,f taMumif;ajym&vQif NrdKYe,fu tawmffus,f0ef;onf/
NrdKUe,ftykdifxJwGif wdkufe,faq;Hk 5 ck? aus;vufusef;rma&;
Xmeaygif; 36 ck/ tm;vHk; olYatmufrSm/ Primary Health Care

ac: tajccHusef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI vkyfief;BuD;wpfckvHk;uvnf;
olYtay: yHkusvmonf/ aemuf usef;rma&; pDrHcsufrsm;/
NrdKYe,f\ e,fedrdwfuomus,fonf/ NrdKUtaeESifhu rzGHUNzdK;vS/
tkyfcsKyfa&; NrdKUuav;om jzpfonf/ vukef vqef;ydkif;rsm;
qdkvQifawmh &Gmrsm;rSwufvmaom 0efxrf;rsm; &,ursm; ESifh
pnfum;aewwfonf/ useftcsdefrsm;wGifawmh ajcmufaoGUvsuf/
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;u a&vrf; t"dujzpfonf/ reufqdkvQif
&Gmrsm;rS vdkif;oabFmrsm;jzifh wufvmNyD; aps;a&mif; aps;0,f
vkyfMuonf/ aeYvnf jyefMuonf/
pmrsufESm - 26
tJhonftcsdefwkef;u olvkyf&onf tvkyfcsdefudk tckcsdef
jyefawG;Munhfawmh tHhMop&m/
reuf rdk;rSrvif;ao; tdrfa&SUrSm vlemawG a&mufaeMuNyD/
&Gmrsm;rS vlemrsm;jzpfonf/ ajcmufem&DrSm vl;vJx&onf/
wynfh0,fvmay;aom rkefYwpfckckpm;NyD; vlemrsm;Munhfonf/
aq;Hkwifoifhaom vlemrsm;udk csufjcif; aq;HkoGm;aponf/ ol
rvmcif q&mrrsm; vkyfxm;Edkif&ef ukocsufrsm;udk pm&Guf
wpfckESifh a&;ay;vdkufonf/ aq;HkodkYvTwfonfh vlemqdkvQifawmh
ydkufqHr,lcdkif;awmh/
onfae&mrSm ajymp&m&Sdwm wpfcku bmjzpfvdkY aq;HkroGm;bJ
aq;cef;udk vmMuovJ qdkwmjzpfonf/ onftusifhu q&m0ef
tqufquf usifhoHk; oGm;MuyHk&onf/ wpfckawmhvnf;
aumif;onf/ vlemu aq;HkodkY wdkufdkufoGm;vnf; olyJ
oGm;Munhf&rnf jzpfonf/ tJavmuf reuftapmBuD;awmh
aq;HkrSm oGm;raeEdkif/ 24 em&D aq;HkrSm vlemMunhfae&vnf;
aoHkyJ &Sdawmhrnf/ vlemawGbufuvnf; aq;cef;vmjyNyD;

aq;Hkwufp&m rvdkbl;qdkvQif vdkif;oabFm&Sdwkef;
&Gmjyefcsifonf/ aq;HkrSm apmifhraecsif/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tqif
ajyaomudp jzpfojzifh jyifraeawmh/
aq;cef; vlemMunfhonfhudpudk reuf 9 em&Davmuf
tjywfjzwfNyD; aq;HkoGm;onf/ 0g'fh round onf/
twGif;vlemu r&Sdbl;qdk 25-30 awmh tNrJvdkvdk&Sdonf/
wu,fu 16 ukwifqHY aq;Hkomjzpfonf/ odkYaomf
wdk;csJUaqmif? tcay; vlemaqmif rsm;ESifh aygif;vQif
vlemxm;Edkifonfh ukwifaygif;u 50 ausmf &Sdonf/
pmrsufESm - 27
&,fp&mwpfck awGU&ao;onf/ tJonftcsdefu jynfolYaq;Hk
awGrSm tcef;cay;&aom Private room awGvkyfonfh pepf
jyefvnfusifhoHk;cgp jzpfonf/ NrdKYBuD;awGrSm &SdaewmMumNyD
jzpfaomfvnf; e,fawGrSm tckrS pvkyfcgp jzpfonf/ tJhonf
NrdKUuav;rSmvnf; vkyfxm;onf/ yifr vlemaqmifrS
aemufzufodkY tcef;i,fESpfck xyfcsJUxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;
tdrfom oD;oefYvkyfay;xm;onf/ tcef;i,fwpfckudk 5 ckwif
qefYonf/ t0if0rSm qdkif;bkwfwyfxm;onf/ ]'gecef;} wJh/
ar;Munhfawmh t&if q&m0efBuD; vkyfoGm;wm[k ajymonf/
b,fES,fh ]'gecef;} qdkawmh 'Dtcef;rSmwufonfholawGu
r&Sdqif;&Jom;awGvdk jzpfaeonf/ ]tcay; vlemcef;} [k
ajymif;cdkif;&onf/
aemuf olrvkyfcsifaom tvkyfwpfck vkyf&ao;onf/ r,u
tpnf;ta0; wuf&jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfywfwpfcg r,u tzGJY0if
rsm;ESifh Xmeqdkif&m tBuD;tuJrsm; tpnf;ta0;udk r,u Hk;wGif
vkyfonf/ [dk[m 'D[mawG ajymMuonf/ r,u u cdkif;p&m
&SdwmawGcdkif;onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh pyg;pdkufysKd;a&;udprsm;?

acs;aiGudprsm;jzpfonf/ olYtwGufu tvum;oufouf tcsdef
vmjzKef;ae&ovdk jzpfaeonf/ aemufNyD; Xmeqdkif&m vlBuD;rsm;
tm;vHk;vdkvdku 40 ausmf 50 0ef;usifawG wcsKdUqdk 60 em;eD;awG
jzpfonf/ onfvlawGMum;xJrSm olu csmwdwfvdk jzpfaeonf/
'gayrJh acwNrdKUe,fq&m0efaygufpudkawmh av;pm;orIawmh
jyMuygonf/
onfvdkESifh vHk;csmvnf vdkufae&onfhMum;u olYt&nftcsif;
ESifh cHEdkif&nfudk prf;oyfonfh tajctae tjzpftysufwpfck
pmrsufESm - 28
jzpfyGm;jyefonf/ NrdKUe,ftwGif; Dengue outbreak
aoG;vGefwkwfauG;a&m*grsm; jzpfyGm;jcif;jzpfonf/

NrdKUay:rS uav;i,frsm;omru &GmrS uav;i,frsm;yg

aoG;vGef wkyfauG; jzpfyGm;Muonf/ aoG;vGefwkwfauG;qdkawmh
udk,fhuav; twGuf rdbrsm; pdwfylMuonfrSm ajymzG,f&m
r&Sdawmh/ olYtdrfa&SUrSm? aq;HkrSm vlem&Sifrsm;? uav;idkoHrsm;
yGufavmnH aeawmhonf/ aoG;vGefwkwfauG;qdkonfh trsKd;tpm;
uvnf; wu,fhaq;HkBuD;rsm;rSm uav;txl;uk q&m0efBuD;rsm;
udk,fwdkifawmif renf;ukae&onfh a&m*g/ em&Drvyf apmifhMunhf
aeEdkifrS wefumusonf/ bmrS BudKwifajymvdkY r&/ tcsdefESifhtrQ
tajymif;tvJu jrefvSonf/ onfrSmu bmypnf;yp,rS r&Sd/
tD;pD*sD pufuav;wpfvHk;? "mwfrSefdkufpuf ESifh rnfumrw
"mwfcGJcef;uav; wpfckom &Sdonf/ bmrS rnfrnf&& ppfvdkY
aq;vdkYr&/ aoG;vGefwkyfauG; ukorI tawGUtBuHKu tvkyfoif

q&m0efb0uom &cJhonf/ onfaemufydkif; tawGUtBuHKr&SdcJh/
NrdKUBuD;rS '&pfyfykvif;rsm; tajrmuftrsm; rSm&onf/ aq;HkrSm
ukwifravmufawmh/ wdkif;aq;Hkudk oGm;Edkifonfh olrsm;udk
oGm;cdkif;&onf/ odkYaomf trsm;pku roGm;csifMu/ onfawmh
Mum;ckwifawG xyfxdk;/ cHkwef;vsm;awGudk ukwifvkyf/
odkYwdkifatmif Murf;jyifay: zsmcif;NyD; csxm;&onfh vlemu
&Sdao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 29
aq;HkrSm pkpkaygif; q&mr 3 OD; &Sdonf/ e*dku tvSnfhus
wpfOD;pD *sLwDqif;ae&mrS wpfcsdefpDrSm 2 a,muf wNydKifwnf;
qif;cdkif;&onf/ qif;Muygonf/ q&mrawGu aq;Hk0if;xJrSmyJ
aeonfqdkawmh taMumif;r[kwf/
olYvnf; aq;Hk0if;xJu q&m0efBuD;tdrf wufaevQifawmh
&ygonf/ odkYaomf q&m0efBuD;u b,fawmh jyefvmrnfrSef;rod/
vmumrS tdrfay:u qif;ay; ae&OD;rnf/ onfawmh tjyifrSmyJ
qufaejzpfonf/ Hk;rS pufbD;uav;wpfpD; ,lxm;vdkufonf/
aoG;vGefwkwfauG;&moD wpfavQmuf reufapmapmx pufbD;
uav;ESifh aq;Hkajy;NyD; uav;vlemawGMunhf/ tdrfjyefvmNyD; 7
em&Duae 9 em&Davmufxd tdrfrSm vlemawG xyfMunhf/ aq;Hk
wifoifhwmwif/ wpfcg aq;Hkjyefajy;/ vlemtukef wpfcg
jyefMunhf/ xrif;udk tdrfjyef rpm;Edkifawmh/ wynfhudk xrif;csKdifh
jyef,lcdkif;NyD; Hk;ay:rSmyJ udpNyD;vdkuf&onf/ naerjyefcifwpfcg
pdk;&drf&onfh vlemawG wpfcgjyefMunhf &jyefonf/ tdrfjyef
a&mufawmh vlemtkyfBuD;u apmihfaeNyD/ 9 em&DavmufrSm
aq;cef; twif;ydwfNyD; xrif;pm;/ wpfcg aq;Hkjyefajy;NyD;

cav;rsm; tajctaeMunhf/ tdyfjyefa&mufawmh 11 em&D 12 em&D/
onfMum;xJ n 2 em&D 3 em&D cav;tajctae raumif;
vmac:vQif x vdkuf&ao;onf/ aoG;oGif;oifhonf xifvQif
nzuf ta&;ay: aoG;vSL&Sif&Smum aoG;trsKd;tpm; wlrwlppfNyD;
aoG;oGif;&onf/ Daxtran aq;&nfu aps;BuD;ojzifh roHk;Edkif/
cav;vlemrsm;tjyif yHkrSef iSufzsm;vlem? arG;vlem? cGJpdwf&onfh
vlemrsm;uvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ tJhonfwkef;uawmh arm
ayr,fhvnf; yef;onfrxifcJh/
pmrsufESm - 30
olY tdrfaq;cef;onf aq;Hkwifoifh rwifoifh pumwif
a&G;&onfh ae&mwpfckvdk jzpfaeonf/ cav;tajctae omru
b,fuvmwmvnf; qdkwmyg pOf;pm;&onf/ NrdKUay:uqdkvQif
tcsdefra&G; vmEdkifonfjzpf tdrfrSm jyefaecdkif;wefonfudk
jyefaecdkif;&onf/
rrSm;aoma&SUae raoaom aq;orm;[kyJ qdk&rnf/ olYqD
aeYpOfvmjyaeaom cav;rav;wpfa,muf/ 4-5 wef;cefY
jzpfrnf/ tajctaeu odyfrqdk;vS/ aoG;vGefwkyfauG;[k oHo,
jzpfHkom&Sdonf/ NrdKUay:rSvlem qdkawmh tdrfrSm jyefaecdkif;NyD;
aeYpOf vmjycdkif;vdkufonf/ vlem&Sifuvnf; aq;Hktajctae
odNyD;jzpf tdrfrSmyJ wwfEdkifoavmuf aecsifMuonf/
av;ig;&uf vmjyNyD;awmh cav;u jyefvef;vef;qef;qef;
jzpfvmonf/ tzsm;vnf; r&Sdawmh/ aemufqHk;aeY vmjyawmh
tazyg vdkufvmNyD; olYorD;aumif;oGm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;awG
bmawG ajymaeao;onf/
aemufaeYnOD;ydkif; vlem a&mufonfqdk aq;HkvdkufoGm;

Munhfawmh xdkcav;rav; jzpfaeonf/ olYtaru wIwfIwf
idkvsuf/ MunfhygOD; q&m&,f/ 'DaeY aeaumif;aeNyDqdkNyD; q&mh
aq;cef; rvmawmhwm/ naeuawmif xrif;pm;ao;w,f/ tck
nzufusrS b,fvkdjzpfrSef; rodygbl; 0rf;rJrJawGoGm;NyD; tckvdk
jzpfoGm;wm[k qdkonf/
Munhfvdkufawmh cav;u a&Smh&aeNyD/ csufcsif; Drip oGif;cdkif;
&onf/ aoG;oGif;&ef pDpOf&onf/ olYudk a&m*gu rsufvSnfh
jyacsNyD/ yHkrSefqdkvQifawmh aoG;vGefwkwfauG; pNzpfNyD;
av;ig;&ufonf tpdk;&drf&qHk; jzpfonf/ udk,fwGif; aoG;,dkpD;
pmrsufESm - 31
rIrsm; jzpfEdkifonfh tcsdefjzpfonf/ odkYaomf xdkodkYjzpfrnfqdkvQif
odomonf/ onfrwdkifcif &ufrsm;rSm uwnf;u uav;onf
ndK;EHI;ae&rnf/ tck uav;u vef;vef;qef;qef;BuD;rS
kwfw&uf aoG;,dkpD;rI xjzpfonf/ tudkuftcJ aysmufaq;
rsm;vnf; ray;cJh/ vlem&Sifuvnf; ay;onfhaq;rSvGJNyD; bmrS
raomuf[k qdkonf/
aoG;oGif;aomfvnf; rrDawmh/ reufvif;tm;BuD;wGif qHk;yg;
oGm;cJhonf/ rdcif\idkoHu em;xJrS rxGuf/ q&mhaq;cef;
wpf&ufav; rjyvdkufrdwm jzpf&avjcif;[k ajymajymNyD;
idkaeonf/ olYzufua&m ayghavQmhrdcJh avovm;/ wpfaeYwpfaeY
vlem ig;q,f wpf&m Munhfae&onf qdkawmhvnf; wpfckck ol
owdrjyKvdkufrdwmrsm; avvm;/ tJhonfaemufupNyD; oHo,
enf;enf;&Sdonfh cav;tm;vHk; aq;Hkwifonf/ aocsm pdwfcs&rS
jyefvTwfawmhonf/
&ufowywf twefMumvmonfhwdkif aoG;vGefwkwfauG;
a&m*gjzpfEIef;u usroGm;/ aq;HkrSmvnf; vlawG pnfum;aeNyD/

taotaysmufawGvnf; &Sdvmonf/ aoqHk;onfh cav;awG
uvnf; 00wkwfwkwf cspfp&muav;awGcsnf;/ onftwdkif;
aevdkY rjzpfawmh/
r,u udk em;yl&onf/ NrdKUvHk;uRwf jcifESdrfeif;a&;rsm; vkyf&ef
jzpfonf/ wNrdKUvHk;udpjzpfojzifh tm;vHk;u oabmwlMuonf/
tzGJUrsm; tm;vHk;aygif;NyD; pae we*FaEGaeYrsm;wGif wNrdKUvHk;
oefY&Sif;a&; jcifESdrfeif;a&;rsm; vkyfMuonf/ rD;owf? MuufajceD?
rdcifuav;tzGJUrsm;u onfae&mrSm tm;udk;&onf/ BuHcdkifa&;
tzGJUudkvnf; tultnDawmif;&onf/ NrdKUaevlawGuvnf;
pmrsufESm - 32
udk,fhom;orD;rsm; ta&;jzpfvmawmh wufwuf<u<u
vkyfMuonf/ 3-4 ywf qufwdkuf vkyfvdkufawmh NrdKUay:
a&m*gjzpfEIef; ododomom usoGm;onf/ ESdrfeif;a&;uyJ
xda&mufvdkYvm; olYzmomol &moDukefvdkYyJ usoGm;ovm;awmh
rod/ &Gmrsm;zufrSawmh wzGJzGJvmaeMuao;onf/ pm&if;csKyfawmh
aoG;vGefwkyfauG;aMumifh taotaysmufEIef;u tawmfuav;
rsm;onf/ t&ifESpfrsm;u tajctae ar;Munhfawmh
jzpfawmhjzpfonf/ 'DESpfavmuf rrsm;[k ajymonf/ pm&if;rsm;
vSefMunhfawmh [kwfonf/ jzpfyGm;rI OD;a&&mcdkifEIef;t&udk
onfESpfu tawmfrsm;onf/ vcsKyf pm&if;csKyfNyD; wdkif;odkY
wifrnfvkyfawmh q&mrBuD;u vmar;onf/
]q&m aoG;vGefwkyfauG; vlemawG b,fvdk pm&if;jy&rvJ?
tukefpm&if;jy&rvm;}
ol em;rvnf/
]jyaygh q&mrBuD;&JU} qdkawmh ]t&ifq&mawG uawmh
jzpfwmxuf avQmhNyD; jycdkif;Muw,fq&m&JU . . tJ'g q&mhoabm

vmar;wm}
oluawmh tJhonfvdk vdrfvnfNyD; pm&if;rjycsif/
]t&Sdtwdkif;om jyyg q&mrBuD;&,f? wu,fvnf; 'DESpfu
ydkjzpfwmyJ? b,fwwfEdkifrSmvJ}[k ajymNyD; trSeftwdkif; jzpfyGm;EIef;
taotaysmufEIef;wdkYudk pm&if; jycdkif;vdkufonf/
tusKd;qufuawmh tpD&ifcHpmrsm; a&;wifcdkif;jcif; cH&onf/
bmaMumifh ,cifESpfrsm;uxuf ydkjzpf&oenf;/ bmaMumifh
pmrsufESm - 33
taotaysmuf rsm;&oenf;/ NyD;awmh wdkif;rSvlrsm; qif;
ppfonf/ {nfhcH&onf/ tvkyfIyfonf/ onfawmhrS ta&SUu
pDeD,mrsm; bmaMumifh avQmhjyoenf; qdkonfudk em;vnf
awmhonf/ 'gayrJhvnf; oluawmh ta&;wBuD; pdwfxJrSm
rxm;yg/ vmppfawmhvnf; &Sdonfhtwdkif; jyvdkufonf/ vmppf
olawGuvnf; vmppf qdkvdkYom vmppf&onf/ bmrSvnf;
vkyfay;Edkifwm r[kwf/ r,uESifhawGUNyD; tultnDay;zdkYajym?
[dkajymonf ajymvkyfNyD; jyefoGm;Muonf/
oluawmh {nfhcHp&dwf xGufoGm;onf/ wpfckawmh tjrwf
&onf/ ESpftukefrSm &efukefwGifvkyfonfh aoG;vGefwkyfauG;
qdkif&m tpnf;ta0;twGuf wpfEdkifiHvHk;rS aoG;vGefwkwfauG;
tjzpf trsm;qHk;NrdKUe,f 10 NrdKUe,frS TMO rsm;udk zdwfawmh
olvnf; ygonf/ &efukef cPjyefzdkY tcGifhta&;&avonf/

pmrsufESm - 34
aq;HkrSm jyifqifrIawG trsm;BuD; vkyf&onf/ aq;Hkt0if

0if;wHcg; ysufaewm/ tdyfomrsm; xyfcsJUwm/ acgifrdk;
rsufESmMuufudk iSufrsm; r0ifEdkifatmif oHZumawG wyfwm/
pdwful;&Sdoavmuf vkyfonf/ aq;pwdkudk aocsmjyefppfawmh
aq;pm&if; uGmr,fhom uGmonf/ aq;awG '&pfyf ykvif;awG

trsm;BuD; &Sdaeonf/ onfawmh r0,fEdkifonfh vlemrsm;udk
pwdkxJrS aq;rsm; xkwfoHk;ap&onf/ q&mrrsm;uawmh
acwftqufquf wpfcgrS rBuHKzl;onfrsm; BuHKae&ovdk
jzpfaeMuonf/ aemuf aq;Hk p&dwfrQay;aq;qdkifudk Hk;zufrS
q&mrBuD;tm; BuD;MuyfapNyD; jyefvkyfcdkif;onf/ vlemrsm;tm;vHk;
aq;0,fzdkY vdktyfvQif p&dwfrQay; aq;qdkifrSmom 0,fcdkif;onf/
tu,f aq;uvnf; 0,f&rnfhaq; jzpfae vlemuvnf;
rwwfEdkifvQif olYudkom vmajym/ olu pm&Gufay:rSm vlem
trnfESifh aq;trnfudk a&;NyD; vufrSwfxdk;ay;vdkufvQif
pmrsufESm - 35
aq;qdkifu tvum;xkwfay;&ef pDrHxm;onf/ aq;qdkif
wm0efcHu xdkpm&if;rsm;udk pkxm;NyD; wpfvwpfcg olYqDrSm
vm&Sif;&onf/ aq;rsm;twGuf NrdKUBuD;rS aq;vum;qdkif
wpfckESifh qufxm;vdkufonf/ ta<u;ig;odef;ESifh txuf
,lxm;vdkY&ojzifh aumif;aumif; vnfywfvdkY&onf/ tjrwfaiGudk
0efxrf;rsm; tm;vHk; cGJa0ay;onf/
NrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD; owif;u bmrSrMum;awmhojzifh olvnf;
aq;Hk0if;xJu q&m0efBuD;tdrfrSm ajymif;aeonf/ NrdKUv,fydkif;rSm
tcef;wpfckiSm;NyD; aq;cef;zGifhonf/ aq;Hk0if;xJrSm aeawmh
aeYcif;aeYvnfav; cP tdrfjyefem;vdkY &onf/ na&;nwm
vlem xMunhf&wmvnf; tqifajyonf/
,cifu cGJcef;0ifvQif q&m0efvufaq;zdkYudk tvkyform;u
yHk;xJrSa&udk cGufESifhcyfNyD; avmif;ay;&onf/ trSefuawmh
Elbow type ac: wHawmifqpfESifh zGifhvdkY ydwfvdkY&onf a&bHkbdkif
wyf&rSmjzpfonf/ 'gawmh rjzpfEdkif/ onfawmh oHjzLyHk; tBuD;udk
atmufem;rSm bHkbdkifacgif; wyfxm;onfh a&yHk;0,fxnfhonf/

vufaq;vQif tprSm udk,fwdkifzGifh&aomfvnf; tNyD;rSm
tvkyform;u ydwfay;vdkY&onf/
yxrqHk; tajctae vmMunfhpOfu tawGUtBuHKt&
cGJpdwfzdkYtwGuf cg;xHkaq;xdk; tyfrsm;? aq;rsm;udk &efukefrS BudKpk
vmcJhonf/ aq;u aps;rBuD;aomfvnf; wpfcgoHk; cg;xHkaq;xdk;
tyfrsm;u aps;twefi,fBuD;onf/ wwfEdkifonfh olrsm;udk
0,foHk;cdkif;vdkufNyD; rwwfEdkifolrsm; twGufawmh oHk;NyD;om;udk
jyefaygif; jyefydk;owfNyD; oHk;&onf/ cg;xHkaq; xdk;jcif;jzifh
pmrsufESm - 36
cGJpdwfrI tawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfEdkifavonf/ trsm;qHk;vkyf&onfu
Caesarian section ac: cav;cGJpdwf arG;zGm;ay;&jcif; jzpfonf/
yxrOD;qHk; ol cGJarG;ay;&onfh udk,f0efudk rSwfrdaeao;onf/

vlemu om;OD;ukd,f0efjzpfonf/ onfzuft&yfawG xHk;pHtwdkif;
om;zGm;q&mrESifhom jyxm;avh&SdMuonf/ 'guawmfawmfav;
usef;rma&; tod&Sdoljzpfonf/ tcsKdUvnf; t&yfvufonfESifhom
Zmwfvrf; NyD;oGm;Muwmrsm;onf/ tckvnf; om;zGm;q&mrESifh
arG;ae&mrS arG;csdefMumaeojzifh aq;HkvTwfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ol
prf;oyfMunhfawmh rdcifrSm qHkydkif;usOf;aeojzifh yHkrSefarG;&ef
roifhawmfay/ cav;uvnf; tawmfxGm;yHk&onf/ om;tdrfu
npfaeNyDjzpfojzifh aumif;aumif;prf;r&awmh/ tjrefqHk;cGJpdwfzdkY
jyifqif&onf/ cg;xHkaq;xdk; AdkufzGifh om;tdrfzGifhNyD; cav;udk
qGJxkwfvdkufonf/ csufBudK;jzwfNyD; q&mrvufxJxnfh tcsif;udk
EIdufzdkYvkyfawmh om;tdrfu BuHKUroGm;ao;onfudk owdxm;
rdvdkufonf/ trTmyguvm;/ cav; aemufwpfa,mufudk
xyfqGJxkwfvdkufonf/ rdef;uav; a,mufsm;av; pHkwGJtrTm
jzpfonf/ cGJcef;wpfckvHk; qlnHoGm;onf/ tazqD owif;

ajy;ydkYonfholu ydkYonf/ tarudk ajymonfholu ajymonf/
taru cg;xHkaq;ESifhom jzpfojzifh owd&aeonf/
0rf;omygw,f q&m&,f aus;Zl;wifygw,f[k ajymaeonf/
olvnf; cav;rsm;\ pl;pl;0g;0g; idkoHrsm;atmufrSm
Adkufjyefydwf&if; armorQ yef;orQ ajyaysmuf&avonf/
onfvdk remrusif cGJpdwfvdkY&onfh owif;u NrdKUxJrSm
ysHUoGm;onf/ yHkrSefqdk olYqDrSm Adkuftyfol tawmf&Sm;onf/
tckawmh ,cifu NrdKUay:rS tenf;i,f aiGaMu;wwfEdkifolrsm;
NrdKUBuD;odkY wufjyae&mrS olYqDa&mufvmMuonf/ olY vlemrsm;
pmrsufESm - 37
xJrSm awmufawmufajymifajymif a&TwGJvJ aiGwGJvJ trsKd;orD;rsm;
yg0ifvmMuonf/

tvkyfrsm;onfu wzuf vlemrsm;u wcgw&H ajym&qdk&

cufonfu wpfzufwdkYaMumifh a'goxGuf&onf rsm;vnf;
&Sdonf/ ajymp&m qlp&m&Sdvsif aq;cef;rSmjzpfygap ajymqdk
vTwfwwfojzifh 'Dq&m0efu aq;cef;rSmawmif a[mufw,f?
rvG,fbl;[k ajymMuaMumif; aemufrS jyefMum;&onf/
wn nOD;ydkif; olYtdrfudk vlwpfodkuf a&mufvmonf/
trsKd;om;rsm; jzpfonf/ ]OD;__&JU trsKd;orD; AdkufemaevdkY
tdrfvdkufMunhfay;ygOD;? axmufBuD;&JUZeD;yg}[k qdkonf/
onfNrdKUrSm olYudk tdrfvdkufMunhfzdkY ac:wmrsKd; rBuHKzl;ao;/
olzufuvnf; vdkufzdkYrvG,f/ aq;HkudkypfNyD; a0;a0;vHvH
rvdkufEdkif/ aemufwpfcsufu vdktyfonfhukorIu aq;HkrSmrS

aumif;aumif; ay;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ 0wKawG kyf&SifawGxJu
EGm;vSnf;ESifh q&m0efvmyifh? q&m0efu vdkufoGm;NyD; cav;
arG;ay;wmwdkY bmwdkY b,fvkdrsm;vkyfovJ pOf;pm;r&/ olY
rSmvnf; tJovdk vdkufzdkYtwGuf jyifqifxm;wm r&Sd/
tonf;toef jzpfaeonfh vlemtwGuf toifhawmfqHk;ae&mrSm
aq;Hkjzpfavonf/
olu ]b,fuvJ aq;Hkac:vmcJhav} qdkawmh ]'DNrdKUay:uygyJ/
axmufBuD;&JU ZeD;yg}[k xyfajymonf/ axmufBuD;qdkonfrS
rnfolrSef; olrod/ odkYaomf axmufBuD;&JUZeD; qdkwmudk
pmrsufESm - 38
xyfcgxyfcg ajymaeojzifh olu ]b,folY ZeD;jzpfjzpfygav?
aq;Hkac:vmrS uRefawmf prf;oyfay;vdkY&rSmaygh? rD;zGm;vlemudk
tdrfrSm prf;oyfzdkY b,fvdkrS tqifrajybl;? wu,fvdkY
arG;awmhr,fqdkvnf; aq;HkyJ wif&rSmyJ} [kajymonf/
tifwifwif vkyfaeMuao;onf/ olu ac:omac:vmcJhyg
qdkawmhrS rjyefcsifjyefcsif jyefoGm;Muonf/ tdrfrjyefao;onfh
olYwynfhudk ]axmufBuD;qdkwm b,folwkef;} [kar;awmh
axmufBuD; qdkonfrSm onfNrdKUrSm wm0efusonfh
axmufvSrf;a&;rS vljzpfaMumif;od&onf/ 'DNrdKU"avhu onfvkdyJ
BuD;xnfhac:avh&Sdonf/ q&m0efBuD;? refae*smBuD;?
NrdKUe,frSL;BuD; ponfhjzifh/ ]'DrSm axmufvSrf;a&;uvl &SdvdkYvm;
wpfcgrS rMum;zl;ygbl; tpnf;ta0;awGrSmvnf; rawGUzl;ygbl;}
qdkawmh wynfhu ]&Sdw,fq&m&JU olwdkYu tpnf;ta0;awG
bmawGawmh odyfwufavhr&Sdbl;/ 'gayrJh r,u uawmif olYudk
owdxm;ae&wm? tqifhuawmh wyfMuyfBuD; tqifhavmufyJ
jzpfrSmyg}[k qdkonf/
cPMumawmh aq;HkrS vlema&mufaMumif; vmajymonf/

oGm;Munhfawmh olYaq;cef;rSm AdkufvmjyaeMu a&TwGJvJ aiGwGJvJ
trsKd;orD; jzpfaeonf/ prf;oyfMunhfawmh cav;arG;zdkY tpjyK
aeNyD/ tajctaetm;vHk; aumif;onf/ dk;dk;yJ arG;vdkY&Edkifonfh
taetxm;jzpfojzifh arG;cef;xJ xnfhxm;NyD; aq;oGif;
ay;xm;cJhonf/ [dk axmufBuD;qdkonfhol ygrygawmh rod/
vlemapmifhawGuawmh wavSBuD;jzpfonf/ tvkyform;uwqifh
ESpfa,mufcefYom tapmifhxm;&efESifh usefolrsm; jyefMu&ef
ajymcdkif;&onf/ tvkyform;u ]q&m tJh'g axmufBuD;tdrfu
vlawG} [k jyefajymawmh ol a'goaxmif;ueJ xGufoGm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 39
]vmjyefNyD 'DaxmufBuD;? axmufBuD;ruvdkY bmjzpfaeae . . 'D
aq;Hkwuf&if aq;Hkpnf;urf;twdkif; ae&r,f? raeEdkif&if
rwufeJY? tJ'Dtwdkif; uRefawmf ajymw,fvdkY oGm;ajymcsnf}
tvkyform;udk a[mufvTwfvdkufonf/ tvkyform;vnf;
tJonfawmhrS xGufoGm;onf/ rMumcif tapmifhvdkufvmolrsm;
aq;HkxJrS xGufoGm;Muonf/ 0if;xJrSmawmh pkpk pkpk vkyfaeMu
ao;onf/ vlemudk aemufwpfBudrf jyefoGm;prf;onf/ arG;&ef
twefvdkao;onf/ q&mrudk arG;zGm;rI 'kwd,tqifha&mufvQif
ac:&efrSmNyD; tdrfjyefcJhonf/ wu,fqdk tckaupfhvdk yHkrSefdk;dk;
arG;rnfqdkvQif q&mrrsm;u wm0ef,l arG;ay;aeusjzpfonf/
olYudk vmac:avhr&Sd/ tckawmh owdxm;&rnf[k ,lqojzifh
vmac:cdkif;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
tdrfa&mufNyD; cPaeawmh vlwpfodkuf a&mufvmjyefonf/
arG;vlemtdrfrS vlrsm;jzpfonf/ {nfhcef;rSm 0ifxdkif&if; ]vlem
tajctae odcsifvdkYyg q&m}[k ajymonf/ ol twwfEdkifqHk;
pdwfxdef;NyD; ]aumif;ygw,f/ arG;zdkYuawmh vdkao;w,f/ q&mr

udk vdktyfwm aocsmrSmcJhygNyD/ arG;cgeD;&if uRefawmfhudk vmac:
zdkYvnf; rSmcJhygNyD}[k ajym&onf/ wpfa,mufu vufxJrS
pmtdwfwpftdwfudk pm;yGJay:wif&if; ]q&mhudk uefYawmhckdif;vdkuf
vdkYygq&m}[k qdkonf/
ol a'goxGuf&jyefonf/
]cifAsm;wdkY [mudk jyef,loGm;yg/ uRefawmfhudk tJhovdk vkyfwm
uRefawmf vHk;0rBudKufbl;/ cifAsm;wdkY[mu bmeJYwlaeovJ
qdkawmh a&mh ig ydkufqHay;xm;w,f... aumif;aumif;vkyfay;
qdkovdk jzpfaew,f/ jyef,loGm;yg/ uRefawmf tm;vHk;udk
pmrsufESm - 40
taumif;qHk; jzpfatmifvkyfay;aeygw,f/ cifAsm;wdkY jyefvdkY&NyD}
[k ESifvTwfvdkufonf/ tukefvHk; rsufESmtysufysufESifh jyefoGm;
Muonf/ olvnf; a'guefNyD; usef&pfcJhonf/
onfvdk udprsKd;awG cPcP awGUBuHK&onf/ 'g t&if
q&m0efawG tusifhvkyfxm;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ vmruefYawmhvQif
vlem vmrMunhfwm/ cGJzdkY jyifqifxm;NyD; q&mrrsm;u wqifh
ydkufqHawmif;cdkif;wmawG txd vkyfcJhMuonf[k ol od&onf/
a&mufcgpu tlusonfh vlemwpfa,mufudk cGJzdkY aq;Hkwifonf/
rcGJrD&ufrSm vlem&SifawG tdrfvdkufvmNyD; b,favmufusrvJ
ar;onf/ olu aq;zdk;ukefusp&dwf ar;onfxif oltwdtus
rodaMumif;? vdktyfonfrsm;0,f&ef a&;xm;ay;cJhNyD; jzpfaMumif;?
aq;qdkifrSm oGm;0,f&efajymawmh vlem&SifawGu q&m
b,favmuf ,lrvJar;wmyg[k qdkonf/ tJonfwkef;uvnf;
a'guefNyD; tdrfay:rS armif;cscJhzl;onf/ tJhonf aemufuwnf;u
q&mrrsm;udk taotcsm rSmxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ vlemaumif;NyD;
aq;Hku qif;&vdkY aus;Zl;wifvdkY vmuefYawmhwm uRefawmf
vufcHEdkifaMumif;? tckyJ aq;Hkwuf tckyJ ydkufqHvmay;wm

uawmh uRefawmf rBudKufaMumif;/ tmrcHeJY ukaewJhae&m
r[kwfaMumif;/ NyD;rS vmuefawmhwm uawmh b,favmufyJ
jzpfjzpf bmBuD;yJjzpfjzpf ol vufcHaMumif; ajymxm;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/
bmaMumifh q&mrrsm;udk rSm&ovJqdkawmh vlemrsm;u
rsm;aomtm;jzifh q&mrrsm;udk t&ifar;avh &SdMuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
ol noef;acgifavmufwGif wpfcg oGm;jyefMunfhonf/ tajc
taeaumif;onf/ arG;&efawmh oHk;av;em&D apmifh&OD;rnf/
pmrsufESm - 41
reuf tkPfrwufrD tvkyform;vmac:onf/ vdkufoGm;NyD;
arG;ay;onf/ cav;a&m vlBuD;yg tajctaeaumif;onf/
jyemu oHk;&ufajrmufwGif pay:onf/ cav; tom;0g
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ 'gu jzpfdk;jzpfpOf? jzpfwwfonfh udp/
odyfpdk;&drfp&mawmh r&Sd/ cufwmu om;OD;rdkY taru
EdkYaumif;aumif; rxGuf/ onfrSm cav;u ydk0gvmonf/
Phototherapy ukxHk; ac:onfh rD;acsmif;atmufwGif
cav;udkxm; ukojcif; vkyf&onf/
tdrfrSolrsm;uawmh tawmfuav; ysm,mcyfaeMuNyD/ 4 &uf
ajrmufwGifawmh vlem&Sifrsm;tm; ac:NyD; wdkif;aq;HkBuD;odkY
oGm;oifhaMumif; ajymvkdufonf/ trSefawmh onftwdkif;
qufukvsif aumif;csifvnf; aumif;rnf/ tajctaeu
pdk;&drf&onfh tajctae r[kwfao;/ odkYaomf onf;onf;vIyf
aeolrsm;? wwfvnf; wwfEdkifMuolrsm;qdkawmh NrdKUBuD;udk
vTwfwm taumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
ajymvdkufonfESifh csufjcif;yif txkyftydk;rsm; jyifNyD;qif;Mu&m

vlemvTJpmyif tvkyform;ESifh renf;vdkufay;&onf/ aemufawmh
bmrS txl;taxG rvkyf&yJ jyefqif;vmonf[k Mum;&onf/
olYqDawmh b,fawmhrS vmrjy Muawmh/

&efukefrjyefrD wdkif;rSm tpnf;ta0; wuf&ao;onf/ TMO

NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;rsm; wuf&onfh tpnf;ta0; jzpfojzifh
wdkif;twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;tm;vHk;rS TMO rsm; vmMuonf/
pmrsufESm - 42
tm;vHk; r&Sdbl;qdk touf 50-55 0ef;usifrsm; jzpfMuonf/
olYudkMunhfNyD; i,fi,fav;eJY TMO wufvkyfaew,f/ oDaygrif;
ygvm;/ ygawmfrloGm;OD;r,faemf [k paemufMuonf/ tjcm;
NrdKUe,fwpfckwGif vufaxmufq&m0eftjzpf a&mufaeonfh
oli,fcsif;r wpfa,mufvnf; vmonf/ TMO rvmEdkifojzifh
udk,fpm;vmjcif; jzpfonf/
nae tpnf;ta0;NyD;rS oli,fcsif;rESifh pum;ajymjzpfonf/
][dkaumif vdkufrvmbl;vm;/ eifhudk pdwfcsvufcs vTwfvdkuf
ovm;}
wwef;wnf;om;csif; nm;Muolrsm; jzpfojzifh olY oli,fcsif;
taMumif; ar;vdkufonf/ 'Daumifu tvkyfr0ifbJ rdef;r
wm0efusonfh ae&mwGifvdkufum aq;cef;zGifhjcif;jzpfonf/
]at; ygrvmbl;[? aq;cef;xkdifusefcJhw,f/ ig eifhowif;
Mum;ygw,f/ TMO vkyfae&w,fqdk}
]at;[m racsmifbl;/ yifyef;vdkufwm vGefyga&m? 'Dvdkvkyf?

eifb,frSm wnf;vnf;/ ajcmufem&Davmuf ig vmac:r,f/
xrif;pm;&if; pum;av; bmav; at;at; aq;aq;
ajym&wmaygh/ igvnf; pum;ajymzdkY tazmfvdkuf&Smaewm}
oli,fcsif;rudk csdef;NyD; naeoGm;ac:um pm;aomufqdkif
wpfckrSm xdkifjzpfMuonf/ vrsm;pGmtwGif; udk,fhvufatmuf
i,fom;rsm;? vlemrsm;ESifhom pum;ajymcJh&NyD; tckrS oli,fcsif;
wpfa,mufESifh pum;ajym&jcif; jzpfonf/
]ig bD,menf;enf; aomufr,faemf? &w,fr[kwfvm;}
pmrsufESm - 43
]at;yg . . &ygw,f? eifh oli,fcsif;vnf; tck aeYwdkif;eD;yg;
bD,m aomufaew,f? eifaum aeYwkdif;aomufaewmvm;}
]b,fuvm? ighrSm ,m;vdkUawmif odyfukwftm;wmr[kwfbl;?
wpfa,mufwnf; csmvywf&rf;aewm? 'DNrdKUa&mufNyD;wJhaemuf 'g
yxrqHk;tBudrf aomuf&wmyJ? eifhaumifu &dwfvScsnfvm;?
rdef;rudkawmh wpfa,mufwnf; vTwfvdkufw,f? aq;cef;awmh
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raumif;udk bmawGeJYwdkif;rvJ? trsm;BuD;awmh &Sdwmaygh? 'gayrJh
aq;cef; b,fESpfck&SdvJ qdkwmeJYvnf; wdkif;vdkY&r,f xifw,f?
eifhNrdKUrSm aq;cef; 30 ausmf&Sdw,f? ighqDrSm iguvGJvdkU b,folrS
r&Sdbl;? &rf;ukeJY om;zGm;q&mr zGifhwJhaq;cef;yJ &Sdw,f? b,f
q&m0efrS aq;cef;vmrzGifhMubl;? wpfNrdKUvHk;rSm um;eJY
wlwmqdkvdkY ___pD;wJh ywfyvpfumav; wpfpD;eJY rD;owfu
axmfvmusD ESpfpD;yJ &Sdw,f/ uJ ighNrdKUBuD; b,favmuf pD;yGm;a&;
pmrsufESm - 44
aumif;vnf;qdkwm? tJawmh igh pD;yGm;a&;vnf; aumif;raumif;
pOf;pm;om Munhfayawmh}
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]atmf igu vdrfyghrvm;? kyf&SifHkrajymeJY AD'D,dkHkawmif ESpfHkyJ
&Sdw,f? 'gaMumifhvnf; TMO xGufajy;wm jzpfrSmaygh?
xm;ygawmhav? 'geJY M.Sc awG ac:awmhr,fwJh? eif ajzrSmvm;?
bmajzrSmvnf;}
]ig Child ajzrvm;vdkY? eifaum}
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cGifh,lvdkYvnf; r&? pmvnf; rzwfjzpf? ydkufqHvnf; rpkEdkif
ao;bl;}
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vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoGm;aom &iftpHkudk oli,fcsif;rjrifatmif
zHk;uG,f&if; . . .
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]eifwdkY Zmwfvrf;uvnf;[,f? 'DvdkeJYyJ NyD;MuawmhrSmvm;[m}
]. . . . . . . }
ol NidrfoufoGm;&onf/
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pmrsufESm - 45
]ig arhxm;wmMumNyD[? olYowif;awG eifrMum;bl;vm;?
__aq;HkrSmwkef;u __eJYqdk}
][m . . tJ'g r[kwfygbl;[Jh? ig odygw,f? [dku vdkufuyf
aewmyg? bmrS rjzpfygbl;? olu tvkyfoabmt& jyefqufqH
&wmyg? tck tquftoG,fawmif r&Sdawmhbl;? tck
xufxdvnf; bm tpDtpOfrS r&Sdao;bl;? igawmh eif
tquftoG,f jyefvkyfvdkufapcsifw,f? bmvJ eifu pdwf
r0ifpm;awmhbl;vm;? aemufwpfa,muf awGUaeNyDvm;}
]rawGUygbl;? tvkyf0if uwnf;u ig tvkyfxJrSmyJ
pdwfESpfxm;w,f? b,folrS rawGUbl;? ydkufqHpkr,f? NyD;&if M.Sc
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]'DrSm igajymr,f? igholi,fcsif;bufu ajym&rSm aps;awmh
usyg&JU? [dkwpfavmu &efukefjyefawmh olYtareJYawGUw,f?

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bl;vm;wJh? &Sd&ifvnf; ay;pm; vdkufcsifvdkYwJh? r&Sdao;&ifvnf;
pyf[yfay;prf; ygOD;wJh? igu olYudkBudKufaewJh olawmh &Sdw,fvdkY
ajzcJhw,f? tJ'g tzGm;BuD;u pdwf0ifpm;aew,f}
]eifholi,fcsif;udk ig em;rvnfEdkifbl;av? bmjzpfvdkY ighudk
vSnfhpm;cJhwmvJ? vufrcHEdkifyJeJY bmjzpfvdkY arQmfvifhcsufawG
ay;xm;cJh&wmvJ? pOf;pm;vdkY r&bl;? eifwdkY rdef;uav;awG
'DvdkyJvm;}
pmrsufESm - 46
]tr,f tJ'DxJrSm ig rygygbl;aemf? olvnf; tJovdkawmh
r[kwfygbl;? at; . . olYudkawmh igvnf; em;rvnfwm trSefyJ?
bmyJjzpfjzpf tcktcsdefrSm eifhbufu jyefqufoG,f&if tajctae
wpfrsKd;ajymif;oGm;vdrfhr,fvdkY igxifw,f}
]eifrodygbl;[m? bmvnf; . . aemufwpfcg ig tl;
jzpf&OD;rSmvm;}
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oavmuf a0zef&&ifawmh ESpfa,mufvHk;u rmeBuD;aeMuw,f
xifwmyJ}
] ................... }
oli,fcsif;rudk wnf;cdkcef; jyefydkYay;NyD; jyefvmawmh tawG;
awGu uyfNidvmcJhonf/ twdwfonf twdwfrSmraeyJ
tb,faMumifh ypKyefudk a&mufa&mufvm&avoenf;/

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ul;ay;cJhonfh 0dkif;pufaom vufa&;rsm;ESifh rSwfpkpmtkyfrsm;?
B.Ed canteen? oJEkat; vufzuf&nfqdkif? vSnf;ul;?
aqmif;wpfn usKdufxD;dk;bk&m; &ifjyifawmf? Edkuf*sLwD reuf
olYtwGuf azsmfay;xm;onfh aumfzDcg;cg;? tvkyfoifq&m0ef
*sLwDcef;? . . . . . ? . . . . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . .
pmrsufESm - 47
n tdyfrufxJwGif t&ifuvdk jyefawGUonf/ NyD;awmh t&ifu
ajymcJhaom pum;udk qdkonf/
]ig eifhudk cspfMunhfvdkY r&bl;[m}
]. . . . . . . . . . . . . }

pmrsufESm - 48
pdefyef;yiftdk
ua'gif;ysKdESifh
ik0gyGifhMum;
vIyf&Sm;&ifckef
taysmfpHkcJh . . .
pmrsufESm - 49
ausmif;pzGifhonfrSm av;ig;&uf&SdNyD/ txufwef; ausmif;om;

b0u wGJaeus oli,fcsif;rsm;u tjcm;wuodkvfrsm; a&mufukef
Muojzifh wpfa,mufwnf; a,mifawmifawmif jzpfaeonf/
twef;\ aemufem;ususrSm xdkif&if; olYvdkyif xdkifavh&Sdonfh
ESpfa,mufESifh &if;ESD;oGm;NyD; tNrJvdkyif cHkwef;wpfwef;wnf;
xdkifjzpfoGm;Muonf/
wpf&uf taemufrS toHMum;ojzifh vSnfhMunhfawmh

rdef;uav; 3 a,muf olwdkY taemufwef;rSm 0ifxdkifonfudk
awGU&onf/ rdef;uav; trsm;pku twef;\ a&SUcHkrsm;udkom
OD;avh &SdMuonfrdkY xl;qef;aeonf/
twef;NyD; tjyifxGufrnftvkyf rdef;uav;wpfOD;rS
][dk . . . raeYu Zoology lecture vdkufxm;wm &Sdvm;[if?
cPavmuf iSm;ygvm;}
pmrsufESm - 50
rdef;uav;u pmtkyf vmjyefiSm;aeojzifh ol &,fcsif
oGm;aomfvnf; xdef;vdkufNyD; &Sdygw,f ajym pmtkyf
xkwfay;vdkufonf/
]vufa&;awmh cyfpkwfpkwfyJ? zwfvdkY&yghrvm; rodbl;}
]&ygw,f}
aemufaeY twef;xJ 0ifoGm;awmh olwdkYxdkifaeus cHkwef;wGif
xdkrdef;uav; 3 a,muf xdkifaeMuonf/ aemufuyf&uf
cHkwef;rSmvnf; vG,ftdwfwpfvHk; wifxm;ojzifh taemufzuf
wwef;ausmfwGif 0ifxdkifvdkufawmh rdef;uav; 3 a,muf xJrS
wpfa,mufu vG,ftdwfudk ,lvdkufNyD; ]'DrSmxdkifav? ae&mOD;ay;
xm;wm}[k ajymonf/ NyD;awmh raeUu iSm;oGm;aompmtkyf
jyefay;&if; aus;Zl;yJaemf [k qdkonf/
onfvdkESifh ol? ausmfpGm? 0if;aZmf qdkonfha,mufsm;av; 3
a,mufESifh pkESif;? oufxm;? cdkifrmqdkonfh rdef;uav; 3 a,muf
oli,fcsif;rsm; jzpfcJhMuonf/ aemufem;usus xdkifcHkESpfwef;udk

t&ifa&mufolu OD;xm;ay;avh &SdMuonf/
Lectures csdefrsm;wGif wwef;vHk; aygif;wuf&aomfvnf;
Practical csdefrsm;rSm tkyfpkvdkufvkyf&onf/ xl;qef;onfu olwdkY
a,mufsm;av; 3 a,muf ESifh rdef;uav; 3 a,mufonf
a,mufsm;av; wpfa,muf rdef;uav; wpfa,mufpD tkyfpkwl
aejcif; jzpfonf/
'kwd,ESpf ta&mufwGif ausmfpGmESifh oufxm;? 0if;aZmfESifh
cdkifrmwdkY &nf;pm;rsm; jzpfoGm;Muonf/ xl;qef;onfu tkyfpk
pmrsufESm - 51
rwlolrsm; twGJjzpfoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ olESifh pkESif;udkvnf;
0dkif;wGef;Muonf/
olu . . ]rvkyfygeJY[m? t&ef wyf&if;xJrSm vlwpfa,muf
xyfrwdk;yg&apeJY} [k ajymavh&Sdonf/
pkESif;u emrnfBuD;xJrSm ygonf/ wjcm; wuodkvfrsm;rSyg
vmvdkufMuolrsm; tawmfrsm;onf/ txufwef;uwnf;u
olYukd csnf;uyfaeolrsm; [kqdkonf/ olwdkYu xdkyk*dKvfrsm;udk
t&efwyf&if; tzGJU0ifrsm;[k trnfay;xm;onf/
cdkifrmu . . . ]eifu &Gmem;ujruf &GmEGm;rpm;vkyfNyD; udk,fh
eD;eD;em;em;udk rMunhfyJ ta0;udk oGm;aewmudk;? eifawmfawmf
cufwmyJ} [k qdkonf/
ol txufwef;ausmif;om; b0uwnf;u vdkufaeaom
tjcm; ar*smwpfckrS aumifrav;qD oGm;oGm;aeonfudk
&nf&G,fNyD; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ b,fvdkyJ pp? b,fvdkyJ
aemufaemuf olwdkYESpfa,mufu bmrS rjzpfMu/ aemufawmh

oli,fcsif;rsm;vnf; vufavsmhoGm;Muonf/
ausmfpGmESifh 0if;aZmfwdkY pHkwGJESpfwGJ vpfMuvQif olESifh pkESif;
ESpfa,mufwnf; usef&pfcJhwwfonf/ olyg vpfvQifawmh pkESif;
wpfa,mufwnf; usef&pfcJhNyD; Roll sheet rSm 'dkifcH
vufrSwfxdk;ay; &awmhonf/ wcgw&Hawmhvnf; ajcmufa,muf
vHk; [dk[dkonfonf oGm;Muonf/
[dkaumifawGu olwdkY&nf;pm;awGESifh olwdkY pum;vufqHk
usaecsdefwGif olESifh pkESif;u pum;ajymazmf jzpfvmonf/
pmrsufESm - 52
pmtaMumif; aytaMumif;tjyif pkESif;u olYudkvdkufaeonfh
aumifav;rsm; taMumif; zGifhwdkifyifwwfovdk oluvnf; olY
aumifrav;taMumif; ajymjywwfonf/
olYaumifrav;[k qdkaomfvnf; wu,fawmh bmrS
r[kwfao;yg/ wGJoGm;wGJvmrQom jzpfonf/ tJhonftcsdefwkef;u
tmpD wl; [kac:onfh &efukefwuokdvf(vdIif)onf olwdkYtwGuf
jruRef;omjzpfonf/ rdef;xJokdY &Hzef&Hcg a&mufaomfvnf;
oli,fcsif;trsm;pk&Sd&m tmpDwl;okdYom cPcPoGm;jzpfonf/
NyD;awmh oif;oif;vIdif&Sdaewmvnf; ygonf/ olESifh
oif;oif;vIdifu txufwef;ausmif; wpfausmif;wnf;xGuf
jzpfonf/ wef;cGJawmh rwl/ olu twef;xJrSm pmac:ay;aeMu/
q&mrawGu twef;xJvm olYvufxJ pmtkyfxnfhNyD; a&mh
'Duae 'Dtxd pmac:ay;vdkuf[k ajymum xGufoGm;avh&Sdonf/
aemufydkifqdk twef;xJudkyif rvmawmh/ q&mrrsm;
em;aecef;udkac:NyD; *sDwef;u oif;oif;vIdifqDu
pmtkyfoGm;awmif; q&mrawmif;cdkif;vdkufw,fvdkY ajym/
ra&mufao;wJh ae&mupNyD; pmac:ay;vdkuf/ NyD;&if

pmtkyfjyefay;vdkuf[k cdkif;wwfonf/ onfvdkESifh olESifh
oif;oif;vdIifwdkY aeYpOfeD;yg; rsufESmcsif;qdkifrdcJh Muonf/
twef;ESpfwef;vHk;u olwdkYESpfa,mufudk pMuonf/ q&mrawG
uvnf; pMuonf/ wu,fawmh pmtkyfiSm;wm jyefay;wmu
vGJNyD; tjcm;tcsdefrSm rawGUjzpfMu/ tjcm; pum; rqdkcJhzl;Muyg/
jyifqifcs,forI r&SdaomaMumifh dk;&Sif;aom rsufESmudk
&ifrckefaomfvnf; ESpfoufcJhonf/ tjcm;olrsm;u
paemufonfudk MunfEl;pGm pdwful;,Ofzl;onf/ ESpfOD;pvHk;u
pmrsufESm - 53
ukd,fhtwef;rSmudk,f pmawmfonfhpm&if;0ifrsm;rdkY q&mrawGu
ESpfa,mufpvHk; q&m0efawGjzpfrnf[k rSef;xm;Muonf/
atmifpm&if;xGufawmh oif;oif;vIdifu *kPfxl; 2
ckomygonf/ onfvdkESifh tmpDwl;xJa&mufoGm;onf/ olu
aq;ausmif;a&mufonf/ tjcm;oli,fcsif;rsm;xH oGm;vnf&if;
oif;oif;vdIifudk vdkuf&SmNyD; oGm;awGUonf/ olYukd
at;at;aq;aq; vufcHpum;ajymonf/ &Hzef&Hcg uefwif;
xdkifMuonf/ tpykdif;uawmh olYoli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf
oif;oif;vdIifwdkY rdef;uav; oHk;a,mufcefYESifh/ aemufawmh
olvmvQif rdef;uav; oli,fcsif;rsm;u tvdkufwod
a&Smifay;Muojzifh oif;oif;vIdifom ygvmwwfonf/
uefwif;uvGJNyD; tjcm;ae&mawmh ac:r&/ onfvdkESifh
zGifhajymxm;wm av;ig;v&SdNyD/ ,ckxd tjzLtrnf; roJuGJao;/
onfvdk olYtajctaeudk zGifhajymawmh pkESif;uvnf;
jyefajymjyonf/
vuf&Sd csnf;uyfaeol av;a,muf&Sdonf/ wpfa,mufu

tmtdkifwDrS? aemufwpfa,mufu q,fwef;rSm usef&pfcJhol/
wpfa,mufu touf twefBuD;NyD; oabFmvdkufaeol?
aemufwpfa,mufu tD;ar*smwufaeol/ tm;vHk;udkawmh
vufcHpum;ajymjzpfonf/ okdYaomf b,folYudkrS pdwfrvIyf&Sm;
&ifrckefyg[k qdkonf/ 'gqdk b,folYudk a&G;rSmvnf;qdkawmh
rpOf;pm;&ao;bl;wJh/
]'gqdkeifu BudK;&Snf&SnfeJY vSefxm;wmaygh} qdkawmh . . .
pmrsufESm - 54
]eifu tJhovdkxif&ifawmh 0rf;enf;p&myJ? 'g
igwdkYrdef;uav;awGtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;yg? 'gayrJh 'gudk ig
tcGifhta&;wpfcktjzpfawmh toHk;rcsbl;? eifwdkY
a,mufsm;av;awGbufu tcsdefra&G; aemufqkwfoGm;vdkY &w,f?
igwdkY rdef;uav;awGu ajcvSrf;wpfck vSrf;NyD;&if
aemufjyefqkwfzdkYqdkwm vG,fwmr[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh aocsm
pOf;pm;&w,f[} [k rsufESmcyfwif;wif;jzifh jyefajymonf/
olu 'gqdk eifwdkYrdef;uav;awG[m tcspfqdkwmudk
xnfhrpOf;pm;Mubl;? tcspfr&SdMubl;vdkY ajym&rSmajym[k wrif
&GJUajymawmh pkESif;twefMumwdwfoGm;onf/ NyD;rS
]eifhtaeeJY tcspfqdkwmudk em;vnfcsifvnf; em;vnfrSm
ayghav? iguawmh tcspfqdkwm bmvJvdkY em;vnfatmif
BudK;pm;aewkef;yJ}
onfvdkyJ olwdkYESpfa,muf pum;0dkif;u Niif;&if;ckH&if;
tqHk;owfwwfonf/
rsm;aomtm;jzifh tjyifoGm; pm;MuaomufMuvQif ausmfpGmESifh

0if;aZmfu 'umcHavh&Sdonf/ tdrfu pD;yGm;a&; tenf;i,f
csKdUwJhrSef;odojzifh olYudk &Sif;cdkif;avh r&SdMu/ onftwGuf
wpfvwpfcg qdkovdkawmh ol paumfvm&Spf xkwf&aomaeYwGif
B.Ed canteen rSm olu jyef'umcHonf/ onftcgwdkif; olESifh
pkESif;u axmywfoD; vufazsmf aomufavh&SdMuonf/
]eifwkdYESpfa,mufu tBudKufwlyg&ufueJY bmvdkY pdwful;awG
vGJaeMuwmvnf;} [k ajymMuwdkif; . . .
pmrsufESm - 55
pkESif;u ]eifwdkYvlu zGifhrSrajymwm[? BudwfNyD; BudKufae&if
awmhvnf; rwwfEdkifbl;? zGifhajym&ifawmhvnf; pOf;pm;&rSmaygh}[k
twnfaygufESifh aemufwwfovdk oluvnf; . . .
]igzGifhajymvdkufvdkY csufcsif;tajzay;vdkuf&if b,fvdkvkyfrvJ?
ig vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaecsifao;w,f} [k pum;Edkifvkavh&Sdonf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf pkESif;onf olwdkYtay: tvGefaumif;onf/ txl;
ojzifh olYtay:/
Lecture vdkuf tvGefysif;avh&Sdaom olYtwGuf vufcsm
rSwfpkrsm; owfowfwpftkyf ul;ay;wwfonf/ udk,fhvufa&;ESifh
qdkvQif zwfcsifpdwf odyfr&Sdaompmrsm;onf pkESif;\ oyf&yf
vSyaom vufa&;rsm;ESifh qdkvQif zwfcsifpzG,f jzpfoGm;&onf/
olESifh rdef;uav; 3 a,mufrSm tpdk;&0efxrf; om;orD;rsm;
jzpfMuNyD; ausmfpGmESifh 0if;aZmfwdkY\ zcifrsm;rSm pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;&Sifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ pkESif;\ zcifrSm Xmewpfck\
t&m&SdBuD; wpfOD;[k od&onf/ odkYaomf oli,fcsif;rsm;

tMum;wGif qif;&Jwm csrf;omwm ydkufqHoHk;Edkifwm roHk;Edkifwm
bmrScGJjcm;rI r&SdcJhMu/ tm;vHk;wef;wl aygif;cJhMuonf/
'gayrJh tm;vHk;xJwGifawmh olYukd rmeBuD;onf[k qdkMuonf/
onfoli,fcsif;rsm;rS vGJ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh odyfaygif;avhr&Sd/
oli,fcsif;rsm;\ aiGa&;aMu;a&; tultnDukd vufcHavh
r&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
b,folu pvdkufrSef;awmhrod/ arG;aeYawGrSm auR;onfh
tpOftvmwpfckvnf; olwkdYMum;rSm jzpfvmonf/ ausmfpGmESifh
pmrsufESm - 56
0if;aZmfu ola|;om;awGqdkawmh olwdkY arG;aeYawGqdkvQif
qdkifaumif;aumif;rSm vdkufauR;Muonf/ rdef;uav;awGuawmh
olwdkYtdrfawGrSm wpfckck vkyfauR;Muonf/ onfvdkESifh pkESif;
tdrfudk a&mufzl;cJhonf/ oluawmh uifwif;avmufom
wwfEdkifonf/ arG;aeYvufaqmifuawmh ay;csifonfholvnf;
ay;Muonf/ a,mufsm;av;tcsif;csif; ay;avhr&Sd/
[kdaumifawGuawmh olwdkY aumifrav;rsm;udk ay;Murnf
xifonf/ vla&SUola&SUrSmawmhray;Mu/ wESpfrSm pkESif;u olYudk
vufaqmifwpfck ay;onf/ ca&mhpf abmvfyef
aiGa&mifav;jzpfonf/ oluawmh pkESif;arG;aeYomru
b,folYudkrS arG;aeYvufaqmif ray;zl;cJhacs/
88 aemufydkif; ausmif;rsm;jyefzGifhawmh tajctaeawGu
wpfrsKd;jzpfukefonf/ t&ifuvdk a&SUaemuf qufxdkif
jzpfaeMuao;aomfvnf; tcsif;csif; twefi,fpdrf;ovdk jzpfae
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udk,fwdkifvnf; twef;wufcsdef cPavmufom olwdkYESifh pum;
ajymjzpfNyD; useftcsdefrsm;rSm 88 ESifh ywfoufNyD; odcJhaom

rdwfaqG topfrsm;ESifh ydkwGJjzpfcJhonf/ twef;rsm; ,cif
uavmuf rSefrSefrwufawmh/
oli,fcsif;rsm;u olYaumifrav;qD oGm;aeonfxifMuonf/
trSefu xdkaumifrav;qD ra&mufjzpfwm tawmfMumcJhNyD/
pdwfxJrSmvnf; oGm;csifpdwfr&Sd/ rdwfaqGopf oli,fcsif;opf
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jzpfonf/ xdkumvrsm;onf ol pdwfavaeaom umvrsm;[k
pmrsufESm - 57
ajym&onf/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; twef;xJrSm emrnf
BuD;zl;onf/
taqmifrS ausmif;om; 4 OD;udk taqmifxkwfypfonfh udp
jzpfonf/ trSefawmh bmjyemrS BuD;BuD;us,fus,fr[kwf/
xdkausmif;om; 4 OD;xJrS wpfOD;u EdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rI tenf;i,f
&Sdonf/ onfawmh xdkolukd xkwfypfcsifaeojzifh &r,f&Smjcif;
jzpfonf/ acgif;pOfwyfonfu t&ufaomufNyD; &rf;um;rI/
t&ufaomufonfu trSefqdkvQif tqef;r[kwf/ bmrSvnf;
&rf;um;onfr[kwf/ taqmifwGif nzuf 8 em&D kyfjrifoHMum;rS
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onfrSm olwdkYu olwdkYudk,fwdkif taqmifraeaomfvnf; 'g

ausmif;om;udp[k ,lqMuonf/ aoG;<uaeolrsm;yDyD pm
wpfapmif aygif;a&;Muonf/ vdyfrlonfu xdkpOfu
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t&ufaomufonfrSm taqmif xkwfcH&onftxd ta&;,l
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q&mrsm;taejzifh qHk;rrIrjyKvkyfyJ wcgwnf; tjypfay;jcif;rSm
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pmrsufESm - 58
wpfausmif;vHk;&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ vufrSwfrsm;ESifh yl;wGJwif&ef
vkyfMuonf/ BuD;BuD;us,fus,f pum;jzifh ajym&vQif Signature
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vufqifhurf;NyD; vufrSwfxdk;ckdif;onf/ olESifh
taygif;tygrsm;udk xdkudpESifhywfoufNyD; DG u ac:awGUwm?
ygcsKyfu ac:awGUwmawG bmawG jzpfukefonf/ EdkifiHa&;
rvkyf&ef ac:owday;onf/ olESifh pum;tacstwif
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taqmif jyefaecGifhay;rnf/ xdk ausmif;om; vufrSwfrsm;ESifh
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awmhrnf[k uwday;NyD; tqifajyoGm;onf/
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pmar;yGJwpfcgrQ ruszl;aomfvnf; ,ck Tutorial ? practical ?
assessment rsm;wGif trSwfenf;vmonf/ tustIH;rsm;
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pmrsufESm - 59
rusapcsifbl;? eifvnf; ruscsifbl;vdkY igxifw,f? 'D
assessment awGuvnf; ta&;BuD;wmyJ? Final rSm 'D
trSwfawGvnf; xnfhaygif;rSmav? tkwfeH&Hudk acgif;eJY rwdkufcsif
prf;ygeJY[m}[k qdkonf/
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ausmif;rSefrSefwuf tdrfjyefa&muf&if bmrS ylyifp&mrvdk?
tcsdefwef&if q&m0efjzpf tm;vHk; tqifoifhcsnf;yJ?

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pmrsufESm - 60
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odkYaomfvnf; pmar;yGJ eD;vmcsdefwGifawmh pkESif;xHrS rSwfpk
pmtkyfuav;rsm; olYqD a&mufvmwwfpNrJ jzpfavonf/

pmrsufESm - 61
aemufaeYreuf tdyf&muEdk;awmh tdyfa&;r0ojzifh rsufvHk;rsm;

rzGifhcsif/ nu nOfheufoGm;aomaMumifh jzpfrnf/ tpnf;ta0;
&Sdao;ojzifh renf;x&onf/
aecif;ydkif;rSm tpnf;ta0;NyD;awmh oli,fcsif;ru jyefoGm;
onf/ olu reufjzefreufrS jyef&rnf/ vlpkcGJMuawmh TMO

wpfa,mufu vmajymonf/ nzuf Dinner &Sdonf/
wdkif;OD;pD;rSL;udk TMO rsm;u pkNyD; vkyfay;Murnfjzpfonf/
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olvnf; ae&mESifh tcsdefar;NyD; vmygrnf[k ajymvdkufonf/
ol a&mufoGm;awmh vlpHkpjyKNyD; 0dkif;paeNyDjzpfonf/ vlBuD;
trsm;pk 0dkif;jzpfojzifh oltenf;i,f aMumifaeonf/ udk,fhtzGJU
ESifhudk,f pum;vufqHk usaeMuonf/ olYudk bmbmnmnm
[dk[dkonfonf ar;onfrsm; tvdkufoifh jyefajzNyD;awmh ajymp&m
pum; r&Sdawmh/ em;axmiform; jzpfae&onf/ xdkNrdKUe,f
pmrsufESm - 62
q&m0efBuD;rsm; ajymonfhpum;rsm;udk em;axmifae&if; tHhMojcif;
pdwfysufjcif;rsm; jzpf&onf/ b,folu b,fNrdKUudk b,favmuf
ay;NyD; &atmifvkyfoGm;aMumif;? qDZmwpfckudk b,foluawmh
b,fa&GUb,frQ ,laeaMumif;? b,fNrdKYe,frSm b,fya&m*suf
0ifwm TMO b,favmuf tjrwfxGufoGm;aMumif;? b,fol
qdkvQif Police case wpfckrSm b,frQ &aMumif;? b,foleJYb,fol
zdkufMuwm tjyeftvSef wdkifMuNyD; tck DEPE 0ifaeaMumif; . .
Mumawmh ol pdwfnpfNyD; acgif;rsm; rl;vmonf/ tefcsif
ovdkvdkyif jzpfvmonf/ t&ufrl;vdkYawmh r[kwf/ q&m0ef
avmuBuD; onfavmuftxd ysufpD;aerSef; rodcJh/ tjcm;Xmersm;
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vkdufcJhzl;onf/ [kwfcsifrS [kwfrSmyg? q&m0efvnf; AdkufygwmyJ?
xrif;pm;wmyJ? apwemawG aus;Zl;awGu pm;vdkYrS r&wm
ponfjzifh ckcHajymqkdcJhzl;onf/ tckawmh em;ESifhqwfqwf
Mum;ae&onfrsm;udk r,HkcsifvdkY r&awmh/
rdk;cg;a&aomufMuonfudk vufcHzdkY olYpdwfu tcGifhray;ao;/

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a&mufaeonfh txl;ukq&m0efBuD;rsm;xJwGifyg rdk;cg;a& aomuf
onfrsm; awGUvm&onf/
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touf 60 cefY&Sd v,form;BuD;/ 60 qdkaomfvnf; tvkyfMurf;
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raumif;ojzifh vmjyjcif;jzpfonf/ prf;oyfvdkufawmh tpmtdrf
pmrsufESm - 63
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tqifh qdkawmh twefi,fawmh jrifhaeNyDjzpfonf/ 'gayrJh vlu
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vlemudk tpmtdrfrSm temjzpfaeaMumif;? cGJpdwfoifhaMumif;?
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cGJpdwfrIrsKd;jzpfojzifh ol vkyfray;EdkifaMumif;/ aq;HktBuD;pm;rSm
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onfvdkESifh vTJpma&;ay;vdkufonf/
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aomufaq;rsm; ay;vdkufaMumif; aemufvxJwGif wpfcgjyefjy&ef
csdef;vdkufaMumif; ajymonf/
olvnf; tHhtm;oifhoGm;NyD; cGJpdwfzdkY rajymbl;vm; qdkawmh
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tajctaejzpfonf/
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pmrsufESm - 64
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vdkYyg[k qdkNyD; ola&;ay;vdkufonfhpmudk jyvdkufawmh tJhonf
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olYqDrSmvnf; usef;rmaMumif; axmufcHpmawGvm,laeMuwm
tawmfrsm;onf/ vli,fuav;rsm; &Jwyfom;0if&ef odkYr[kwf
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pmrsufESm - 65
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pmrsufESm - 66
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ae&olrsm; r[kwfaMumif;? rD;vmrS Adkufemr,f rD;vmrS
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pmrsufESm - 67
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t0rSmapmifhNyD; ydkufqHaumufwmawG vkyf&onfwJh/ tJhonfawmh
wu,faum apmifhMuovm;qdkawmh &,faeMuonf/
b,fapmifhrSmvJ q&m&,f/ cPwjzKwfapmifhNyD; vpfaeMuwmaygh
[kajymonf/ oefY&Sif;a&;aum qdkawmh tvkyform;iSm;NyD;

vkyfw,f[k qdkonf/ tJhawmh ydkufqHb,fu &ovJ b,fvdk
vkyfvnf;qdkawmh 'DvdkyJ NrdKUe,fq&m0efeJY wkdufe,fq&m0efawG
Munfh&Sif;vdkufMuw,f xifwmyJ? aocsmrod[k qdkMuonf/
,cifESpfrsm;u tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udkMunhfawmh bk&m;yGJwGif
vlajymtcH&qHk; udprSm tdrfomrsm; oefY&Sif;rIr&Sdonfh udp
jzpfonf/ 0efxrf;rsm;u tdrfomapmifh tdrfomoefY&Sif;a&;tvkyf
b,folvkyfcsifrnfenf;/
aemufwpfck od&wmu a&udp/ a&uefrS a&udk pufjzifhpkwfNyD;
bk&m;zl;rsm;? qdkifcef;rsm;? a&csKd;qdkifrsm;udk jzefYa0onfh
pmrsufESm - 68
udpusawmh BuHhckdifa&;rS wm0ef,lonf[k od&onf/ a&udpu
ydkufqH trsm;qHk;&onfh t&mjzpfonf/ vlwdkif;ae&mwdkif;rSm
a&0,foHk;&onf/ tjrwftrsm;qHk;&onfh ae&mjzpfonf/ onfvdk
ae&mudkawmh tydkif,lxm;Muonf/
xdkbk&m;yGJudp wdkif;rSm tpnf;ta0;vkyfawmh ol oGm;wuf
&jyefonf/ OD;aqmifolu c,u twGif;a&;rSL; [kqdkonf/ olY
tvSnfha&mufawmh olu xdk tdrfomudp wifjyonf/ olwdkY
NrdKUe,f usef;rma&;Xmetaejzifh vltiftm;? enf;ynm
rwwfEdkifojzifh wdkif;rS wm0ef,l ay;apvdkaMumif;? jrLeDpy,f
qdkwmvnf; wkdif;rSmom&Sdojzifh ydktqifajyrnf xifaMumif;
ajymonf/ onfawmh tm;vHk;u tdrfomqdkonfudk wm0ef
r,lcsifMu/ ,cifESpfrsm;u twdkif; qufvkyfyg[kqdkonf/ olu
tjcm;tcuftcJrsm;? aiGaMu;tcuftcJrsm;yg wifjyvnf; r&/
q&m0efBuD; jzpfatmif pDrHyg/ bk&m;udk tvSLrxnfhEdkifvnf;
aeyg[k qdkonf/ tdrfomaqmuf&eftwGuf vdktyfonfh
tdrfomcGufrsm; axmufyHhyghrnf[k qdkonf/ tqifajyovdkom
vkyfyg[k qdkonf/
onfawmh ol enf;vrf;&Sm&onf/ NrdKUcHxJrS onfvdk
tvkyfrsKd;udk uefxdkuf ,lEdkifrnfhol pHkprf;&onf/ awGUonf/ xdk
vkyfrnfholrsm;udk ac:NyD; &Sif;jyonf/ ,m,Dtdrfomrsm;
aqmuf&ef? ta&twGuf? oefY&Sif;a&; ponfwdkYudk &Sif;jyNyD;
a&avmif;tdrfomtwGuf cGufrsm;udkyg ay;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
,m,Dtdrfomudk aps;wpfrsKd;? a&avmif;tdrfomudk aps;wrsKd;
aumufEdkifaMumif;? &onfh ydkufqHxJrS bk&m;udk vSL&rnfh aiG
yrmPudk uefYowfay;vdkufonf/ aocsmvkyfvQif aocsmayguf
pmrsufESm - 69
jrwfrnfjzpfonf/ vkyfrnfholrsm;rSm onfvdktvkyfrsKd; wpfcgrQ
rvkyfbl;yJ tckrS tprf;vkyfMunhfMujcif; jzpfonf/
onfvdkESifh bk&m;yGJvkyfonf/ tdrfomudp at;at;csrf;csrf;
NyD;oGm;onf/ 0efxrf;rsm; pdwfrnpf&awmh/ uefxdkuf,lol
qdkawmh zdzdpD;pD;vkyfonf/ 0ifaMu; aocsmaumufonf/
oefY&Sif;a&; udkvnf; tvkyform;iSm;NyD; aocsmvkyfonf/
bk&m;yGJ tNyD;rSm xdkuefxdkuf ,lolrsm;u aq;HktwGufqdkNyD; aiG
3 aomif; vmvSLonf/ aemufESpfvnf; olwdkY qufvkyfyg&ap[k
qdkonf/ trSefu olYukd vmbfxdk;jcif;jzpfonf/ olu
q&mrBuD;udk ac:NyD; tvSLaiGpm&if;rSm xnfhcdkif;vdkufonf/
aemufESpf ol quf&SdaeOD;rnf qdkvQifawmh &ygaprnf[k
ajymvdkufonf/ NrdKUxJrSmawmh owif;xGufvmonf/ xdktdrfom
uefxdkuf,lonfh olrsm; tawmf jrwfpGef;oGm;aMumif; Mum;
&onf/
&,f&wmu aemufESpf a&mufaomtcg rvkyfEdkifyg[k
tonf;toef jiif;cJhaom wdkif;rS yk*dKvfrsm;u tdrfomudpudk

NrdKUe,fodkY csray;awmhyJ wdkif;rS wdkufdkuf uefxdkufcsay;onf/
olYNrdKUrS yxrESpf vkyfcJholrsm; wdkif;NrdKUtxd wufNyD; uefxdkuf
NydKifqGJaomfvnf; r&cJh/ wdkif;NrdKUrS vlrsm;udk r,SOfEdkifcJhMu/
xHk;pHtwkdif; if;wdkYESifh tvGrf;oifholrsm; &oGm;Muavonf/
BuHzef *kPf,l&rnfqdkvQif xdkbk&m;yGJwGif tdrfomuefxdkuf
pepfudk olpcJhwm[k ajym&onf/
bk&m;yGJzGifhyGJudk wdkif;rSvlBuD;rsm; vmojzifh NrdKUe,f tqifhu
qif;BudK&ao;onf/ r,uOu| tygt0if NrdKUe,frSXmeqdkif&m
vlBuD;rsm;u w&ufBudKoGm;NyD; jyifqif&onf/ BudKa&muf
pmrsufESm - 70
aeaomfvnf; waeukef bmrSef;rodonfh tvkyfrsm;ESifh
Iyfaeojzifhbk&m; aumif;aumif; rzl;&/
nzuf vlajcwdwfcsdefrSmawmh bk&m;&ifjyifay:wufNyD; tmHkjyK
bk&m;&Sdcdk;jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh vufsm&pf wpfywf avQmufonf/
&ifjyifawmf axmifhwpfae&mrSm cPxkdif wdwfqdwfaomnrSm
qnf;vnf;oHrsm;udk tazmfNyKjzpfonf/
at;jraomn? bk&m;&ifjyifawmf . . .
qDrD;rsm;? qnf;vnf;oHrsm; . . .
twdwfu onfvdkrsKd; nwpfnudk jyefjrifa,mifrdonf/
tJhonfwkef;uawmh onfvdk wpfOD;wnf; r[kwfcJh/ &ifudk
vdIufcwfapcJhonfh n? tHhtm;oifhcJh&onfh n? trSefudk odvdkuf
&onfh n? tJhonfn . . . . .
**
pmrsufESm - 71
b0wqpf
jzwfausmf&pfpOf
wG,fwmcifrif
oHa,mZOfjzpf
pGJepf&nfpl;
tcspfOD;vnf;
&Sdzl;cJhNyD . . . /
pmrsufESm - 72
b,favmufyJ tquftoG,f jywfaejywfae ta&;BuD;

awmhvnf; onfvlawGyJ jyefpkMu&onf/ ESpfwdkif; ESpfwdkif;

pmar;yGJ eD;vmvQif oli,fcsif; wpfa,mufa,muf tdrfwGif
pkMuonf/ wpfvcefY tvdkuwnf;u tJhonf tdrfrSmyJ tdyf?
tJhonf tdrfrSmyJ pm;Muonf/ pmpkusuf&mxJodkY aemufxyf
oli,fcsif; ESpfa,mufyg xyfwdk;vmonf/ xdk ig;a,mufpvHk;
twGuf pm;a&;aomufa&;udk tdrfcHu wm0ef,lay;onf/
xHk;pHtwdkif; ausmfpGm odkYr[kwf 0if;aZmftdrfrSm pkjzpfMuonf/
olwdkYtdrfawGu us,fonf/ NyD;awmh rdbu olaX;awGqdkawmh
tm;emp&m r&Sd/
pmrsufESm - 73
olu tm;vHk;udk pm&Sif;jy&onf/ NyD;awmh zwf&rnfh
acgif;pOfrsm;ESifh pmrsm; pkpnf;ay;onfh wm0ef,lonf/ pkESif;wdkY
rdef;uav; 3 a,mufuvnf; pkESif;wdkYtdrfrSm pkNyD; pmzwf
Muonf/ nqdkvQif zkef;jzifh wpfyfBudKar;cGef;rsm; zvS,fMuonf/
oluawmh rjzpfrae zwf&rnfh acgif;pOfrsm;udk csa&;xm;vdkufNyD;
tJhonftwdkif; NyD;atmifzwfonf/ payghrsm;xGufvmvnf;
ola&;xm;onfh acgif;pOfxJrS vGwfonfhtyk'f cyf&Sm;&Sm;jzpfonf/
onfvdkESifh oDtdk&D? Bed side viva rsm; ausmfvGefNyD; olwdkY
wpftkyfpkvHk; wpfBudrfwnf;ESifh pmar;yGJatmifcJhMuavonf/
pkESif;wdkY 3 a,mufvnf; atmifMuonf/
pmar;yGJtNyD; usKdufxD;dk;bk&m;zl; wuf&atmif[k ausmfpGmESifh
0if;aZmfu ppnf;Hk;onf/ t"du &nf&G,fcsufu olwdkY
aumifrav;awGESifh oGm;csifwmjzpfonf/ 0if;aZmfu cdkifrmESifh
jyeftqifajyzdkY BudK;pm;aeonf/ a,mufsm;av; 3 a,muf
rdef;uav; 3 a,mufqdk ydk tqifajyrnf/ r[kwfvQif pkESif;u
olwdkYMum;xJ udk;uefYvefYjzpfaernf pkd;ojzifh olYudk tygac:jcif;
jzpfonf/ pkESif;tazu Xmebef*vdkrSm wnf;Edkifatmif

pDpOfay;xm; rnfqdkojzifh wnf;cdkp&dwfoufomrnf/
onfvdkESifh olwdkY ajcmufa,muf usKdufxD;dk; bk&m;zl;
a&mufcJhMuonf/
t&ifa&mufzl;wkef;u awmufavQmuf vrf;avQmufwuf&jcif;
jzpfonf/ tck um;vrf;u &aohawmiftxd aygufaeNyDqdkawmh
awmfawmf oufomonf/ bef*vdku &ifjyifawmfESifh 10 rdepf
avmufa0;onf/ naeydkif; bk&m;wufzl;onf/ nwpfacguf
jyefvmOD;rnfqdkNyD; apmapmjyefqif;cJhMuonf/ n 9 em&D
pmrsufESm - 74
avmufrSm wpfacguf xyfwufjzpfonf/ [dk[dkonfonf
wpfywfywfNyD;awmh ausmfpGmESifh 0if;aZmfwdkY pHkwGJu b,faysmuf
oGm;rSef;rodawmh/
pkESif;u qD;rD;uyfoufaphuyfrnfqdkojzifh za,mif;wdkifrsm;ukd
0kdif;ulxGef;ay;onf/
][,f . . oufaphygqdk MunfhOD; twkdif 30 awmifjzpfaeNyD?
jyefavQmh jyefavQmh}
]'g trSefr[kwfbl;vm; ... b,fESpfwdkif jyefavQmh&rSmvJ?
wpfwdkifvm; ...}
]eifaemf ... pdwfrykyfeJY? igu eifhxuf i,fwJh[m? eifom
twdkif 30 xGef;NyD; oufaphuyf}
][m; [m; ... at;yg aemuf oHk;av;ESpfae&if uyfwmaygh}
ol ododESifh wrif ydkxGef;xm;aom za,mif;wdkifrsm;udk
z,fay;onf/ pkESif;uvnf; vuftvm za,mif;wdkifwpfckukd

NydKifwlukdifrdMuonf/ pkESif;vufay:rS olYvuf tkyfrdvsufom;/
olu aqm&D;[k ajym&if; aemufwpfwdkifudk ajymif;onf/ uJ ...
oufaph aocsmNyDvm;[k za,mif;wkdifrsm;udk a&&if; ar;onf/
&ygNyDqdkaom pkESif; toHu bmaMumifh wdk;wdrfoGm;rSef;
owdrxm;rdyg/ wu,fawmh olYtoHvnf; tenf;i,f
wkefcgaecJhonf/
cPaeawmhrS pkESif;u ykwD;pdwfcsifonf apmihfay;yg[k
qkdvmonf/ olvnf; &ygw,f pdwfav[k ajym&if;
&ifjyifawmfay:rSm [dk[dkonfonf avQmufaerdonf/
pmrsufESm - 75
aqmif;OD;nayrJh wtm;rat;vSao;/ taEG;xnf wpfxyf
0wfxm;HkESifh &onf/ vlvnf; tawmf&Sif;onf/ Mumawmh
ysif;vmNyD; ykwD;pdwfaeonfh pkESif;em; oGm;xdkifjzpfonf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf ykwD;pdwfaeonfudk yxrqHk;tBudrf
teD;uyf Munhfrdonf/ rsufvTmcsNyD; EIwfcrf;av;zGzGvIyfvQuf/
olESifh ausmif; 10 ESpf twlwufcJhol? tNrJwrf; a&SUaemuf
twlxdkifcJhol? olESifh tNrJ paemufaecJhol . . . .
pkESif;\ rsufESmav;onf MunfvifvSonf/ avta0SUrSm
wpfcsufwpfcsuf jzwfceJvGifhoGm;wwfaom qHEG,frsm;u
uEGJUuvs/ rsufESmrSm rdwfuyfwpfpHkwpf&m bmrS vdrf;cs,fxm;yHk
r&/ qDrD;a&mifrsm;u jzLaomtom;udk 0gaponfxifh/
0ga&Taom rsufESmay:rSm ao;oG,faomfvnf; xif&Sm;aom
rsufcHk;rsm;/ rSdwfxm;aom rsufvHk;rdkYrdkY? vHk;0ef;aom ESmwH?
azmif;td&Tef;pdkaom EIwfcrf;tpHk/ usufoa&&Sdonfh tvS
qdkonfudk tckrS em;vnfovdkvdk &Sdvmonf/ tda`E&Sdaom
jrefrmrdef;uav;wpfOD;tvS/ pkESif; onfavmufvSrSef; ol

wpfcgrS owdrjyKrdcJhyguvm;/
ol b,frQMumatmif ai;aerdonfrod/ &Sdckd;OD;csNyD;
ab;vSnfhMunfhvdkufaom pkESif;\rsuf0ef;ESifh ol\ pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf
tMunhfwdkY wnfhwnfhwdk;avonf/ bmaMumifh&,f rod/ pkESif;
rsufESmwpfckvHk; &SufaoG;rsm; jzef;oGm;aMumif; olodvdkufonf/
olukd,fwdkifvnf; zdef;ceJ &Sdef;ceJjzpfNyD; &iftpHkwdkY w'dkif;'kdif;
vIyf&Sm;oGm;rdonf/
t&if owd0ifolu pkESif;jzpfavonf/
pmrsufESm - 76
][Jh . . eif ysif;aeNyDvm;? aus;Zl;yJ[m}
csufjcif; bmjyefajym&rnf rod/ rsufESmudk cyfvTJvTJvkyf&if;
]jyefoGm;avmufMuNyD xifw,f? rdk;vnf; enf;enf;csKyfaeNyDyJ?
igwdkYvnf; jyefMuwmaygh} [k toHrSefjzpfatmif renf;vkyf
ajym&onf/
]eif csrf;aewmvm;? toHawGwkefvdkYygvm; . . }
ol a`Eysufavonfxifh/ csufjcif; bmjyefajym&rnf rod/
&ifckefaeonfu rNidrfoufao;/
]r[kwfygbl;? rcsrf;ygbl;}
toHrSefjzpfatmif renf;vkyfajym&onf/
]aqm&D;yJ[m? ighudk apmifhae&wm? aus;vnf; aus;Zl;yJ?
[dkESpfaumif b,fa&mufoGm;MuNyDvJ rodbl;? bk&m;vmzl;wm
ykwD;av;bmav; pdwfMuwmr[kwfbl;}
]olwdkYawGu 'Dvdk ESpfa,mufpD vGwfvGwfvyfvyfawGUcsifvdkY

wrif BuHpnfvmMuwmyJav . . . wu,f bk&m;zl;zkdY vmwmrS
r[kwfwm}
]'gqdk eifuusawmhaum}
]'DaumifawG twif;ac:vdkY vdkufvm&wmav}
kwfw&uf ajymNyD;rS rSm;oGm;rSef; owd&onf/ odkYaomf
rrDawmh/
]atmf . . vdkufcsifvdkYr[kwfbl; qdkygawmh? ig odygw,f?
eifu tckaemufykdif; igwdkYeJY odyfraygif;csifrSef;}
pmrsufESm - 77
]tJhvdk r[kwfygbl;[m? eif rodygbl;? uJ jyefMur,f}
bef*vdkodkY tjyefwpfavQmuf ol pum;rqdkrd/ bef*vdka&SU
ta&muf pkESif;u pl;prf;aom tMunhfwpfcsufjzifh olYudk
vSnfhMunfhonf/ NyD;awmh t&if0ifoGm;onf/ txJa&mufawmh
ausmfpGmwdkY pHkwGJESpfwGJ xdkifpum;ajymaeonfudk awGU&onf/
oufxm;u ykwD; b,fESpfywf&cJhvJ bmvJ vSrf;ar;onf/
NyD;awmh igwdkY vufzufokwf 0,ffxm;w,f vmpm;[kac:onf/
NyD;awmh tjcm;pum;rsm; qufajymaeMuonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufudk rpMu/ 'guvnf; tawmfMumcJhygNyD/
tckrS [dk;t&ifuvdk olwdkYESpfa,mufudk oli,fcsif;rsm;u p&if
aumif;rSmyJ[k bmaMumifh awmifhwaerdwmygvdrfh/
cPxdkifpum;ajymMuNyD; rdef;uav;rsm;u tcef;xJ 0ifoGm;
Muonf/ olwdkY 3 a,muf uawmh tjyifrSmyJ pkNyHKtdyfMuonf/
ausmfpGmwdkY ESpfa,muf wacgacga[mufNyD; tdyfaysmf
oGm;Muaomfvnf; ol tdyfraysmfEdkifao;/ ,ckrS owdjyK
rdvdkufonfh pkESif;\tvSu olYtmHkudk tvkyfay;vsuf&Sdonf/

oli,fcsif;rsm; paemufMuwdkif; [mo vkyfypfcJhonfrsm;udk
owd&rdonf/ pkESif;taejzifh rnfodkY&Sdrnfudk olwpfcgrS
rpOf;pm;rdcJh/ olYudk ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; pmrsm; ul;ay;cJhonfudk
wpfcgrS aus;Zl;wifpum; rqdkbl;cJh/ tckrS ol pkESif;udk
pdwf0ifpm;rdavNyDvm;? aemufusaeavNyDvm;? . . . . tdyfraysmf
onfuawmh trSefjzpfavonf/
aemufaeYreuf &ifjyifay: wpfacgufwufNyD; teD;ywf0ef;usif
odkY oGm;Muonf/ vrf;wpfavQmuf ol EIwfenf; aerdavonf/
pkESif;udk tuJcwfawmh bmrS owdjyKrdyHkr&/ yHkrSeftwdkif;om/
pmrsufESm - 78
xrif;qdkifrSm xrif;pm;Muawmh 0if;aZmfu a[haumif
pum;aum tpm;aum enf;vScsnfvm; aeaumif;&JUvm;[k
wpfcGef;ar;onf/ aumif;ygw,f[k ajz&if; pkESif;udk jzwfceJ
vSrf;Munhfawmh pkESif;u acgif;iHkY xrif;pm;vsuf/
jyeftqif;rSmawmh tqif;vrf;a[mif;rS vrf;avQmuf qif;
Muonf/ tqif;u ydkjrefovdk&Sdaomfvnf; udk,fudk xdef;qif;
&onf/ t&ifaeUawGu ta&SUrS awmufavQmufoGm;cJhMuonfh
ausmfpGmwdkY pHkwGJESpfwGJu tckawmh taemufrSm rjyefcsif
Muao;ovdk cyfjznf;jznf;/ olESifh pkESif;u ta&SUa&mufaeonf/
tenf;i,frwfaom qifajcavQmwpfckudk tqif; pkESif; wcsuf
ajcacsmfoGm;NyD; ,dkifoGm;onf/ olu ab;rSxdef;onfh taejzifh
vufarmif;udk vSrf;qGJonf/ wpfzufwnf;ESifh rEdkif/ aemuf
vufwpfzufjzifhyg vSrf;xdef;&onf/ onfawmh olYzufudk qGJ,l
ovdk jzpfoGm;NyD; &ifcGifxJ ,dkifusvmonf/ pkESif;u csufcsif;
jyefrwfvdkufaomfvnf; cPwm eD;uyfoGm;aom tcsdefwGif
oif;ysHUvmaom arT;&eHUu &ifudk w'def;'def; vIyfcwfaponf/
aqm&D;[k ryDro NydKifwla&&GwfrdMuonf/

armhtMunhfrSm &Da0aom olYrsufvHk;rsm;udk pkESif; owdjyKrd
avovm;/ cgwdkif;ESifhrwl pum;odyfrajymonfudk owdjyKrd
avovm;/
pkESif;u ]oufxm;wdkYudk apmifh&if; cPem;OD;r,f}[k ajymNyD;
vrf;ab; cHkwef;wpfckrSm 0ifxdkifonf/ odyfrMumcif aemufrS
ausmfpGmwdkY rDvmMuonf/
pmrsufESm - 79
onfvdkESifh awmifajca&muf um;awGay:wuf &efukef
jyefa&mufNyD; udk,fhtdrfudk,f jyefcJhMuonf/ olYpdwftpOfrSmawmh
pkESif;u ae&m,lxm;qJ jzpfavonf/

pmrsufESm - 80
onfNrdKUrSm wm0efus&wm yifyef;aomfvnf; auseyfonf/

0goemygonfh cGJpdwfrIrsm; vkyf&onf/ olu cGJpdwfrIawG vkyfrSef;
odawmh &GmeD;csKyfpyfrS vlemrsm; wzGJzGJ a&mufvmMuonf/
onfNrdKUuav;rSm rSwfrSwf&& cGJpdwf&rIrsm; tawmfrsm;rsm;
&SdcJhonf/ yxr trSwf&p&m wpfOD;u olwpfa,mufwnf; p

wm0ef,l&cgp tcsdefu a&mufvmaom vlemwpfOD;/
vlemu touf 60 ausmfcefY/ tjyif;txef Adkufatmifhwm 2
&uf &Sdaeojzifh a&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh qD;csKyf 0rf;csKyf
onfwJh/ tJhonfuwJu ol &dyfrdvdkufonf/ tpmtdrfawmh
aygufaeNyD/ prf;oyfvdkufawmh aocsmonf/ tpmtdrfaygufaom
a&m*g/ ta&;ay: cGJpdwf&rnf/ 'gayrJh vlemu tpmr0if
a&r0ifESifh tawmfav; tm;enf;aeNyD/ aoG;aygifcsdefuvnf;
100^60 om&Sdonf/ rwwfEdkif/ vlem&Sifrsm;udk aocsm
&Sif;jyonf/ rcGJvQif aornf/ cGJvQif tE&m,f &Sdaomfvnf;
pmrsufESm - 81
arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdonf/ NyD;awmh wwfEdkifoavmuf Drip rsm;
oGif;onf/ aoG;&Smcdkif;&onf/ NyD;awmh arhaq;ay;NyD; Adkuf
zGifhonf/ vlemrSm v,form;jzpfojzifh touf 60 cefY
qdkaomfvnf; Avaumif;onf/ 'gudktm;udk;NyD; cGJjcif;jzpfonf/
AdkufxJrSm tpmtdrfaygufNyD; tjyifa&mufaeaom t&nfrsm;jzifh
jynfhvsuf/ ol tjrefqHk; tpmtdrftaygufudk &SmNyD; zmonf/
ypnf;yp, rpHkvifojzifh renf;vkyf&onf/ aoG;aygifcsdef
wdkif;ay;aeaom q&mru q&ma& jrefjrefvkyf/ Pressure
wtm;usw,f/ q&ma& Pulse awmif prf;r&awmhbl; [k w&pyf
qdkaeonf/ ol yg;pyfu bmaq;xdk;yg nmaq;xdk;yg atmf&if;
tjref Adkufjyefydwf&onf/ trSefqdk 'Dvdk Case awGu aocsm
AdkufxJudk aq;aMumypf&rnfjzpfonf/ NrdKYrSmqdkvQifawmh Suction
mechine ac: pkwfpufjzifh pkwfvdkufvQif tjrefNyD;onf/
rwwfEdkif/ cGJpdwfukwifay: raoatmifawmh vkyf&rnf/
uHaumif;onf[k qdk&rnfvm;rod/ xdkvlem raocJh/ 'gayrJh
tawmfBudK;pm;yrf;pm; ukvdkuf&onf/ cGJpOfu aocsm rvkyfEdkif

cJhonfh aemufqufwGJtjzpf AdkufxJrSm usef&pfcJhonfh tnpf
taMu;rsm;aMumifh jynfwnfjyefonf/ jyefcGJ&jyefonf/ aq;Hk
ay:rSm wpfvcGJ ESpfvcefYMumNyD;rS qif;cGifh&onf/ ,cifu
tvkyfMurf; vkyfcJhonfh vufrsm; ajcaxmufrsm;rS tom;rmrsm;
tzwfvdkuf uGmxGufum vufz0g; ajcz0g;rsm; EkukefMuonf/
aq;Hkuqif;awmh q&ma& . . tvkyfMurf;awmh rvkyfEdkif
awmhbl;xifw,f/ ajcawGvufawG EkukefNyD[k qdkonf/ aemuf
3vcefYaeawmh jyefvmjyonf/ Munhfvdkufawmh cGJxm;onfh
ae&mrSm Incisional hernia ac: tluRHa&m*g jzpfaejyefonf/ 'gu
pmrsufESm - 82
ta&;ay:cGJ&jcif;? ypnf; rjynfhpHkjcif;wdkY\ aemufqufwGJ
jyemyif jzpfavonf/ aemufwpfacguf aq;HkwifNyD;
cGJ&jyefonf/
onfwpfacgufawmh ol vnfoGm;NyDjzpfonf/ onfvdk
jyemrsKd; rjzpfatmif AdkufcGJNyD; jyefydwfvQif oHk;onfh
EdkifvGefcsKyfBudK;u aps;tvGefBuD;onf/ roHk;Edkif/ onfawmh olY
q&mwpfa,muf jyzl;onfh enf;udk oHk;&onf/ csKyfBudK;tpm;
ig;rQm;BudK;udk ydk;owfaq; pdrfNyD;oHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ ig;rQm;BudK;
uvnf; EkdifvGefBudK;yifjzpfonf/ tacGwpfacGrS usyfwpf&myif
rausmf/ wpfacGqdkBudK;u t&SnfBuD;ygojzifh vlemaygif;
oHk;av;q,f oHk;vdkY&onf/ tJhonf csKyfBudK;jzifh jyefcsKyf
ay;vdkufonf/ tpuwnf;u oHk;cJhvQif 'Dvdkjyem
jzpfrnfr[kwf/ vlemuawmh oHk;Budrf oHk;cgjyefcGJ&onfudk
ajymrqHk;/ a&m*gu oHk;cgawmif jyefcGJ&w,f qdkwmudk *kPf,l
aeovm;rod/ oluawmh udk,ftoHk;rusonfh tydkif;vnf;
ygonfrdkY enf;enf;awmh &Sufrdavonf/
aemuf rSwfrSwf&& wpfa,mufuawmh ol pdwftnpf&qHk;

cGJpdwfrI jzpfavonf/
wpfn nOD;ydkif; aq;cef;ydwfNyD; aq;Hk cP0ifMunhfcsdefrSmyif
vlemu uGufwda&mufvmonf/ arG;vlemqdkojzifh wpfcgwnf;
arG;cef;xJ xnfhckdif;vkdufonf/ apmifudk ykcufvkyfNyD; 0g;vHk;jzifh
vQKdxrf;vmMujcif; jzpfonf/ vlemudk ae&mcstNyD; oGm;Munhf
onf/ vlemrSm pum;yif jyefrajymEdkif/ ,Jh,Jhom&Sdonf/ twl
ygolrsm;udk ar;awmh uav;arG;zdkY Adkufemaewm oHk;&ufausmf
&SdNyDwJh/ ol acgif;eyef;BuD;oGm;onf/ Adkufudk prf;awmh Adkufu
pmrsufESm - 83
txdyifrcHEdkif/ atmufydkif; prf;rnfvkyfawmh teHYu prf;p&m
rvdkatmif t&if rdwfqufonf/
ol awmfawmf pdwfysufoGm;onf/ vlem&Sifrsm;udk oHk;&uf
vHk;vHk; rD;rzGm;Edkifwm bmaMumifh tdrfrSm aeae&ovJ[k
qlrdonf/ vlem&Sifu ,refaeYnae uwnf;u vmzdkY
vkyfaeMuaMumif;? a&wufudk apmifhae&ojzifh reufvif;tm;BuD;
usrS xGufvmEdkifaMumif;? tckrSa&mufaMumif;? ae&mu awmfawmf
a0;aMumif; ajymMuonf/ a&rwufvnf; 'Dtwdkif;xrf;vmMuaygh
qdkawmh 'Dtwdkif;xrf;vmvQifvnf; acsmif;t0txdyJ a&mufrnf/
'DzufudkvmzdkY avSvdkao;onf[kqdkonf/ aemuf ydkufqHr&Sdojzifh
&GmxJrSm acs;iSm;ae&ao;onfwJh/ ol bmrS qufrajymEdkifawmh/
aq;awGoGif;NyD; ta&;ay:cGJpdwfzdkY jyifcdkif;&onf/
cav;uawmh b,fvdkrS r&Edkifawmh/ vlBuD;udk renf;
vkyf&rnf/ txJrSm om;tdrfayguf raeygapESifh[k
qkawmif;&onf/ aq;rsm;oGif;? wwfEdkifoavmuf
aoG;aygifwufatmif vkyfNyD; cGJonf/

AdkufzGifhvdkufonfESifh tvGefqdk;0g;aomteHYu qD;BudKavonf/
cav;rajymESifh om;tdrfwpfckvHk; ndKrJykwfaeNyD jzpfonf/
teHYrcHEdkifojzifh olY tvkyform;rsm; [dkvdkvdk onfvdkvdkvkyfNyD;
cGJcef;xJrS xGufajy;Muojzifh twif;[def;a[mufNyD;
jyefac:&onf/ TAH ac: om;tdrfwpfckvHk; xkwfypfonfh cGJpdwfrI
vkyf&awmhrnf/ ykyfaeaom cav;tygt0if raumif;onfh
tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk xkwfvdkufawmh om;tdrfwpfckvHk; ukefaeNyD/
'grsKd; wpfcgrQ rawGUzl;/ yHkrSef TAH vkyfonfu xkwfNyD;vQif
jyefydwfp&m tom;aumif; usefao;onf/ tcku tukef
pmrsufESm - 84
ajymifaeNyD/ qD;tdrfudk xdrSmvnf; aMumuf&ao;onf/
rwwfEdkif/ vlem tajctaeuvnf; raumif;/ wwfEdkiforQ
[dkem;onfem; qGJcsKyfay;NyD; ydwfcJh&onf/
uHaumif;axmufrpGm vlemtouf&Sifonf/ uHqdk;onfu
vlemrSm om;OD;udk,f0efjzpfonf/ om;tdrf xkwfvdkuf&NyDjzpf
b,fvdkrS uav;r&Edkifawmh/ ol 'gudk &Sif;jyawmh a,musfm;
vkyfolu b,fwwfEdkifrSmvnf; q&m&,f jzpforQ taMumif;
aygh[k qdkonf/ vlemxlxlaxmifaxmif jyefjzpfvmawmh aq;Hk
qif;oGm;Muonf/ aq;HkrSvnf; awmfawmfpdkufvdkuf&onf/
onfvdkESifh jyemNyD;oGm;NyD[k xifcJhonf/
aemuf ajcmufvcefYtMumrSm xdkvlem jyefa&mufvmonf/
vluawmh taumif;jzpfonf/ jyemu rdef;rudk,frS qD;rsm;
tNrJwrf;vdkvkd pdrfhxGufusaejcif; jzpfonf/ Vesico-vaginal
fistula ac:onfh qD;tdrfESifh rdef;rudk,fwdkY vrf;aMumif;
qufrdoGm;MuacsNyD/ onfjyemuawmh olvnf; rvkyf
wwfawmh/ txl;ukrS wwfEdkifrnfh jyemjzpfonf/ wdkif;

aq;HkodkYvTwf&onf/ jyemu aiGa&;aMu;a&; jzpfonf/
'DNrdKUrSm aq;vmukwmawmif renf;vm&wm wdkif;rSmqdk ydkqdk;
awmhrnf/ NyD;awmh 'gu ta&;ay: touftE&m,f&Sdonfh
a&m*gr[kwf/ onfawmh trsKd;orD;a&;&mvuf tyfvdkufonf/
olwdkYu wwfEdkifoavmuf vkyfay;yghrnf[k qdkonf/
aemuf b,fvdkrS ajz&Sif;ray;Edkifaom jyemwpfck
&Sdao;onf/ vlrIa&;jyem/ onfvdk qD;awG wpfcsdefvHk;
xGufusaeaom trsKd;orD;udk a,mufsm;u ypfNyD; xGufoGm;NyDwJh/

pmrsufESm - 85
olYvlemrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh &Gmrsm;rS u&ifvlrsKd;rsm;

jzpfMuonf/ bmaMumifhrSef;awmh aocsmrod/ NrdKUay:rSvlrsm;ESifh
ol odyftaMumrwnfhvS/ olu bkusus *Gusus ajymwwf
wmvnf; ygvdrfhrnf/ NrdKUay:rSmu jrefrmrsm;onf/ ynm
t&nftcsif;u tenf;qHk; txufwef;awmh &SdMuonf/
bGJY&olrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ 0efxrf;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;rS tp v,form;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ ukd,fwdkif
v,fvkyfolrsm;awmY r[kwf/ v,fydkif&Sifrsm; jzpfonf/ awmu
u&ifawGxJrSmawmh rlvwef; tv,fwef;avmuf qdkvQifyif
tawmf ynmwwfonfholjzpfaeNyD/
xl;qef;wmwpfcku jrdKUay:rS jrefrmawGu ynmydkwwf
aomfvnf; wpfckckqdkvQif ewfar;&wmESifh [dk*dkPf;onf*dkPf;awG
qnf;uyf&wmESifh/ tyfykef;awG &rf;ukawGqDrSm t&ifuk&wmESifh/
aq;Hkaq;cef;udk aemufusrS a&mufvmwwfMuonf/ oluvnf;
'grsKd;awG vkyfvmvQif tvGefpdwfqdk;onf/ pdwfqdk;onfudkvnf;
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; xkwfajymwwfawmh vlem&SifawGu rausreyf

awG jzpfMuonf/
awmzufrS u&ifawGuawmh wpfckckqdkvQif aq;HkodkYom
OD;wnfvmavh &SdMuonf/ trsm;pkrSm c&pf,mefrsm; jzpfMuonf/
onfae&mrSm usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI yHkpHwpfcku twk,lzdkY
aumif;wm awGU&onf/
c&pf,efbmom0if u&ifvlrsKd;awGrSm &GmawGtvdkuf bk&m;&Sdckd;
ausmif;awG &Sdonf/ oif;tkyfq&mawG &Sdonf/ xdkoif;tkyf
q&mrsm;onf usef;rma&;utp ynma&; pD;yGm;a&; tawmf
pmrsufESm - 86
rsm;rsm;twGuf twdkifyifcHjzpfonf/ NrdKUay:rSmawmh oif;tkyfq&m
oHk;av;OD; &Sdonfxifonf/ xdktxJrS wpfa,mufrSm usef;rma&;
wm0efcH[k ol em;vnfonf/ zsm;emvQif &Gmuoif;tkyfq&mrS
BuD;MuyfNyD; NrdKUay:rS usef;rma&;wm0efcH oif;tkyfq&mxH
vTwfonf/ NrdKUay:rS xdkoif;tkyfq&mu a&mufvmaom
vlemrsm;udk tajctaevdkufNyD; xlxlaxmifaxmifvlemqdkvQif
aq;cef; vdkufydkYay;onf/ vrf;ravQmufEdkifaom vlemqdkvQif
csufcsif; tcsdefra&G; aq;HkodkYac:vmonf/ trsm;pku u&if
pum;om ajymMuojzifh vdktyfvQif pum;jyefvkyfay;onf/
aq;Hkwufp&m rvdkaom vlemrsm; NrdKUrSmaepOf umv
wpfavQmuf xdkoif;tkyfq&m tdrfrSmyif wnf;cdk
pm;aomufMuonf/ bk&m;ausmif;rS xdkoif;tkyfq&mudk vc
ay;xm;onf/ odkYaomf rsm;rsm;pm;pm;r[kwf/ xdkoif;tkyfq&mu
olYqDudk vlemrsm;ac:vmNyD; pum;jyef vkyfay;Hkom&Sdonf/ ol\
ukorIESifh ywfoufNyD; bmwpfckrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufavhr&Sd/
awmif;qdkavh r&Sd/ olu vdktyf wdkif;odkYvTwfvsif vlemudk
&Sif;jyNyD; oGm;Edkif&ef pDpOfay;onf/ tukeftusuawmh

vlem&Sifu wm0ef,l&onf/
jrefrmrsm;uawmh bmajym&rSef;yifrod/ tvGef **sD*a*smif
rsm;onf/ awmif;qdkrIrsm;onf/ tcefYroifhvQif wdkifcsifawmcsif
ao;onf/
wpf&uf noef;acgifavmufrSm aq;HkrS tvkyform;
vmac:onf/ vdkufoGm;Munhfawmh touf 18 0ef;usif vli,f
wpfOD;/ 10 wef; ausmif;om;[k qdkonf/ bmjzpfrSef;rod/
ua,mifuwrf;awG jzpfaeonf/ ar;Munhfawmh nae 4 em&D
pmrsufESm - 87
avmufu vufzuf&nfqdkif oGm;rnfqdkNyD; tdrfrS xGufonf/ 5
rdepfcefYaeawmh tdrfay:jyefajy;wufvmNyD; owfr,f 'Daumifhudk
owfr,f[k atmf[pfNyD; "m;qGJ ajy;qif;oGm;onf[k qdkonf/
tdrfrS vlrsm;u &efjzpfonfxif aemufrS vdkufqGJMuonf/
wu,fawmh &efjzpfwmvnf; r[kwf/ ajy;&if;u yHk&uf
vJusonf/ bmrS aocsmar;r&/ zsm;emaejcif;vnf; r&Sd/
t&ufvnf; wpfcgrS aomufwwfol r[kwf/ wjznf;jznf;
ua,mifuwrf;awG ydkajymvmonf[k qdkonf/
nae av;em&D uwnf;ujzpfwm tckrS bmvdkY
ac:vm&ovnf; qdkawmh tarSmifhya,m* 0ifonfxifNyD;
ya,m*q&mESifh jyaewm[kqkdonf/ tckrS ydkydkqdk;vmojzifh
aq;Hkac:vmwmwJh/ Mum;xJrS jrefrmaq;q&m wpfa,mufESifh
vnf; jyvdkufao;onf/ jrefrmaq;q&mu pkwfawG xdk;onfwJh/
udk,fvHk;ESifh ajcaxmufawG vufawGrSm aoG;pdkYaeonfh
pkwfcsufrsm; [dkae&m onfae&m trsm;tjym;awGU&onf/
'Pf&mrsm;rS aoG;rsm; wpfpdrfhpdrfhxGufaeqJ/ pkwfcsufuvnf;
jyif;vScsnfvm;[kyif qdkrdonf/
a&m*g&mZ0ifu bmrS raocsm ra&&m/ prf;oyfMunhfawmh
tzsm;r&Sd/ aoG;ckefEIef; tenf;i,fjrefaeonf/ ESvHk;
aumif;onf[k ,lq&onf/ OD;acgif;rSm xif&Sm;aom 'Pf&mr&Sd/
rsufvHk;oli,ftdrfrsm; yHkrSef/ 0rf;Adkufudk prf;Munhfoavmufvnf;
jyemrawGU/ kwfw&uf a&m*gazmfr&/ Cerebral malaria ac:
iSufzsm;ydk; OD;aESmufxJ a&mufwmrsm;vm;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf q&mrudk
Drip wpfvHk;avmu fcsdwfxm;vdkufyg[k ajymonf/
pmrsufESm - 88
NrdKUay:rSvlqdkawmh aqGrsdK;todkif;t0dkif; rsm;ojzifh aq;Hk
wpfckvHk; tkwftkwfusufusuf jzpfaeonf/ vlemuvnf;
ua,mifuwrf;ESifh kef;uefaeojzifh aq;oGif;zdkYudkyif csKyfxm;
&onf/ yHkrSefqdk q&mraq;xdk;onfudk ol ulay;avhr&Sd/
tJhonfaeYu bmhaMumifhrSef;rod/ q&mr aq;xdk;onfudk ab;rS
ulay;vdkufonf/ uHaumif;oGm;onf[k qdk&rnf/
q&mru taMumaq;oGif;zdkY tyfpdkufvdkufNyD;
xdk;xnfhvdkufonf/ ol uvnf; vufarmif;udk tay:rS npfxm;
&mrS avQmhay;vdkufNyD; aq;ydkufudk zGifhcsvdkufonf/ q&mru
aq;xdk;tyfudk yvmpwmESifh uyfNyD; xdef;zdkYvkyfonf/ yvmpwm
u uyfr&/ aq;xdk;onfh tyfeab;rS aoG;rsm;u rwdwfEdkif/
q&mru *Grf;ESifhzdNyD; jyefvTwfonf/ 'gvnf; aoG;urwdwf/ ol
tHhMooGm;onf/ 'grsKd; wpfcgrQ rawGUzl;ao;/ vlem&Sifrsm;udk
vSnfhar;onf/ ,cifu xdcdkuf'Pf&m&vQif aoG;rwdwfjcif;rsKd;
jzpfzl;ovm;/ aqGeD;rsKd;pyfxJrSm aoG;rwdwfonfh a&m*g&Sif
&Sdovm;/ wpfckrS r&Sd/ ,cifu wpfcgrS rusef;rrmrjzpfcJhzl;/ ol
jzpfEdkifacsrsm; rSef;q&if;u wpfck owd&vdkufonf/

]cifAsm;wdkY[m a>raygufcH&wmrsm;vm;}
onfawmhrS vlem&Sifrsm;u taumifwpfaumif udkufvdkuf
ovdkvdkawmh ajymovdkvdk xifvdkufwmyJ[k qdkonf/ ol tawmf
pdwfnpfoGm;onf/ nae 4 em&DcefYujzpfwm/ tck n
oef;acgifyif ausmfaeNyD/ q&mrudk vlem\ aoG;cJMumjrifhcsdef
(Clotting time) ppfcdkif;&onf/ NyD;awmh vlemajcaxmufudk
aocsmppfaq;awmh ajczrdk;ab;rSm a>rpG,f&m[k ,lq&aom t&m
uav;ESpfckawGUonf/ cPMumawmh q&mru aoG;cJMumjrifhcsdef
pmrsufESm - 89
ppfxm;onfh Glass syringe uav;,lvmjyonf/ vkyfxm;wm
10 rdepfausmfaeNyD/ ,ckxdrcJao;/
a>raygufcH&wm aocsmoGm;avNyD/ a>rayG;/ vl\ aoG;cJ
apaompepfudk wdkufcdkufonfh tqdyf&Sdonfh a>rayG;/ cefYrSef;
Munhf&oavmuf rxifrSwfyJ a>raygufcH&ojzifh kwfw&uf
vefYzsyfoGm;NyD; aoG;l;aoG;wef; jzpfoGm;yHk&onf/ 'grSr[kwf
bmaumifudkufrSef; aocsmrodvdkufwmvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/
ol csufcsif; a>rqdyfajzaq;xdk;onf/ rD;rvmwvSnfh
vmwvSnfhESifh tat;yHk;xJrSm xdef;odrf;xm;aom a>rqdyf
ajzaq;onf rnfrQ tmedoif&Sdao;ovJ ol rcefYrSef;wwf/
NyD;awmh vlemrsm;udk &Sif;jyonf/ &Sif;jyonf qdkonfxuf
tJonf tcsdefuawmh *kPma'goESifh qlovdkjzpfaeonf/
naeuwnf;u jzpfonfhudp? tckrS vmwm? NyD;awmh
ya,m*awG jrefrmq&mawG vkyfaewm/ ,ck tajctaeu
raumif;/ wdkif;aq;HkoGm;EdkifvQif oGm;zdkYajymonf/
vlem&Sifrsm;u q&m&,f wwfEdkifoavmuf vkyfay;yg/

uRefawmfwdkY ukefusoavmufay;yghr,f [kqdkvmawmh ol a'go
xyfxGuf&jyefonf/ tckudprSm ukefusp&dwfudk ajymaewm
r[kwfaMumif;? olYtaejzifh tckavmavmq,f
vkyfay;Ekdifonfrsm; tukefvkyfay;NyD; jzpfaMumif;? aemuf&uf
rsm;wGif vlemtajctae ydkqdk;vmrnfjzpfojzifh ajymaejcif;
jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ onfawmhrS aqGrsKd;rsm; wHk;Hk;wdkifyifNyD;
jyefac:oGm;awmhrnf[k ajymonf/ olu wdkif;aq;HkoGm;rSmvm;
ar;awmh/ [kwfuJh[k qdkojzifh vTJpma&;ay;vdkufonf/
pmrsufESm - 90
aemufaeYreuf jyefMum;&onfu xdkvlemrSm
wdkif;aq;HkodkYroGm;/ a>rq&mqDac:oGm;NyD; ukaeonfwJh/ ol
bmwwfEdkifrnfenf;/
aemuf 2 &ufajrmufaeY reuf ol cGJpdwfrIwpfck vkyfaepOfrSm
wynfh tvkyform;wpfa,mufu vmajymonf/ xdka>rayguf
cH&onfh vlemudk aq;Hkjyefac:vmcsifvdkY vlem&Sif rsm;u
q&mYudk ajymay;yg[k qdkojzifh vmajymwmygwJh/ e*dkuwnf;u
a'goxGufaeonfu tckydkxGuf&onf/ a'go jzpfjzpfESifh
raoao;bl;vm;[k yifajymrdonf/ aemufrS pdwfudk
jyefcsKyfwnf;NyD; ac:vmcsifvnf; ac:vm? 'gayrJh tck
tcsdefrSawmh bmrS vkyfay;Edkifawmhrnf rxif[k ajymvdkufonf/
ac:vmawmh wu,fvnf; bmrS vkyfray;Edkifawmh/ vlemrSm
udk,fwGif; aoG;,dkpD;rIrsm;aMumifh ausmufuyfysufpD;aeNyD/
qD;vHk;0 rxGufawmh/ ol aq;rsm;xdk;NyD; wwfEdkifoavmuf
BudK;pm;ao;onf/ aemufwpfaeY reufwGifyif qHk;yg;avonf/
aemufwpfOD;uawmh 10ESpfausmfcefY&Sdonfh u&ifruav;/

oHk;wef; wufaeNyD[k qdkonf/ olwdkYaeonfh&Gmu twef
vSrf;onf/ onfvdkyJ a>raygufcH&jcif; jzpfonf/ okdYaomf
jzpfjzpfcsif; aq;Hkudk wef;wef;rwfrwfvmawmh a>raygufcH&
tNyD; 2 em&DcefY twGif; aq;Hka&mufvmonf/ tm;&0rf;om
jzpf&onfu a&S;OD;olemjyKpkenf; twdkif; taygufcH&aom
ajcaxmufudk txufydkif;rS Muyfpnf;vmonf/ ydkNyD;acwfrDwmu
"m;ESifh cGJwmawGbmawG rvkyfcJh/ ajcaxmufudk 0g;jcrf;rsm;jzifh
rvIyfrdatmif xyfpnf;xm;onf/ aygufonfha>ryif ygvm
vdkufao;onf/ tuGufrsm;udk MunhfHkjzifh a>rayG;rSef;od&onf/
pmrsufESm - 91
b,fvdkyJvkyfcJhvkyfcJh aoG;cJ Mumjrifhcsdefuawmh rsm;aewmyJ
jzpfonf/ 'gayrJh trsm;BuD; arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdonf/ a>rqdyfajzaq;
xdk;onf/ tjcm;vdktyfonfrsm; vkyfay;NyD; wdkif;aq;HkvTwfonf/
wdkif;aq;HkwGif orm;awmfBuD;rsm; &Sdojzifh ydkNyD;aumif;aMumif;?
aemufydkif;vkyf&rnfh apmihfa&SmufrIrsm;rSm ydkta&;BuD;ojzifh
orm;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifhrS oifhawmfrnfjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyonf/
vlem&Sifrsm;u jrefrmpum;rwwf/ u&ifvdkom wwfonf/
vdkufykdYay;aom oif;tkyfq&mu vlem&Sifrsm;udk jyef&Sif;jyonf/
okdYaomf vlem&Sifrsm;u roGm;[kqdkonf/ onfaq;HkrSmyJ ukvdkY
aocsifvnf;aoyap taocHawmhrnf[k qdkonf/ bmomjyefESifh
jyefajymaomfvnf; vlem&Sifrsm;\ dk;&Sif;aom tm;udk;aompdwfudk
txif;om;awGU&onf/
onfvdkESifh olvnf; wwfoavmuf rSwfoavmufvkyf&onf/
pmawGjyefzwfNyD; qufuk&onf/ wpf&uf? ESpf&uf/ ESpf&uf
ajrmufrSm ausmufuyfudk xdonfh vuPmtenf;i,f pjyonf/
qD;xGufenf;vmonf/ vlemrSm tenf;i,f azma,mifvmonf/
av;&uf? ig;&uf/ ol pdwfylylESifh qufukae&onf/

ajcmuf&ufajrmufrSm qD;rsm; jyefxGufvmonf/ xGufrJh
xGufawmhvnf; trsm;tjym; xGufvmonf/ q&mrrsm;u
0rf;omaeMuonf/ olu 0rf;romEdkifao;/ yHkrSefxuf ydkxGuf
aeonfrSmvnf; jyem&Sdaeao;onf/ aoG;twGif;rS
"mwfrsm;udk bmrS rwdkif;wmEdkifonfh ae&mrSm prf;w0g;0g;
ukae&jcif;jzpfojzifh ydkpkd;&drf&onf/ tcsdefra&G; wpfckck jzpfoGm;
Edkifao;onf/ odkYaomf uHw&m;u vlembufrSm &Sdaeonf/
wjznf;jznf; qD;u yHkrSefjyefjzpfvmonf/ azmjcif;a,mifjcif;rsm;
usoGm;onf/ onfawmhrS olvnf; oufjyif;csEdkifonf/ aq;Hku
pmrsufESm - 92
qif;awmh tzdk;BuD;ESifhtzGm;BuD;u olYtdrfvmNyD; q&mpm;zdkY[k
qdkum t&Sifvwfvwf MuufBuD;wpfaumif vufaqmif
vmay;onf/ ol &,f&,farmarmESifh ,lxm;vdkufNyD; arG;xm;
vdkuf&ao;onf/ wynfhrsm;udkvnf; owfrpm;&ef trdefYxkwf&
ao;onf/
vlemESpfa,muf/
wpfa,mufu acwfynmwwf todkif;t0dkif;rS twef;ynm
twefYtoifhwwfol/ vmrnfqdk vrf;avQmufvmvQifyif
aq;HkESifh q,frdepfrQ ra0;aom ae&mwGifaeol/ aemuf
wpfa,mufu twef;ynmvHk;0 rwwfaom wdkif;&if;om;
rdbrsm;rS arG;vmonfh rlvwef;t&G,fuav;/ &Gmu aq;HkESifh
a&wpfwef? ukef;wwefvm&onfh ae&m/ bmrSm;aeonfvJawmh
rajymwwf/ wpfckckawmh vGJrSm;aewm aocsmonf/ 'grSr[kwf
uHw&m;ygyJav[k qdk&rnfvm;rod/
bmyJajymajym tvkyfoifq&m0efb0u noef;acgifrS
a&mufvmaom &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; a>raygufcH&onfh vlemwpfOD;udk

olwdkYESpfa,muf wpfnvHk; aq;awGxdk; aoG;awGazmuf
vkyfcJh&onfh *sLwDnwpfnudk jyeftrSwf&rdavonf/ tJhonf
tcsdefwkef;uawmh Edkuf*sLwD twlqif;&rnfh&ufudkom arQmfae
rdcJhonfhtcsdef jzpfavonf/

pmrsufESm - 93
ajrmufjyef avnif;
tvGrf; ESif;puf
yifhouf vIdufzdk
idk&D tpHk
,HkMunf arQmfvifh . . . .
pmrsufESm - 94
a[mufpfqm*sif qif;&awmhrnfqdkawmh aysmfvnf;aysmf

&ifvnf;ckef&onf/ q,fESpfq,frdk; qnf;yl;cJh&onfh ynmrsm;udk
vufawGUvkyf&awmhrnf/ q&m0efjzpfNyD/ tdrfa&SUrSm qkdif;bkwf
csdwfvdkY&NyD/ 'gayrJh a[mufpfqm*sifb0u wtm;yifyef;onf
[kvnf; Mum;zl;xm;ojzifh vefYawmhvnf; vefYrdonf/

wm0efusrnfh aq;HktwGuf rJEdIufMu&onf/ tHhMo&onfu
ausmif;oufwpfavQmufvHk; wpfcgrS rwlcJhzl;bJ tckrS pkESif;ESifhol
wpfzGJUwnf; vmwlaejcif;jzpfonf/ aq;Hkwpfckwnf;rSm twl
qif;&rnf/ ausmfpGmESifh oufxm;? 0if;aZmfESifh cdkifrmwdkYyif tzGJU
rwlMu/
usKdufxD;dk;u jyefvmNyD;aemuf pkESif;tdrfodkY wpfcgESpfcg
qdkovdk oGm;vnfjzpfonf/ ,cifu wpfcgrQ wpfa,mufwnf;
vmrvnfzl;ojzifh pkESif;u tHhMoaeonf/ pkESif;wdkY tdrfu
tawmfvGwfvyfyHk &onf/ a,musfm;av;wpfa,muf tdrf
pmrsufESm - 95
vmvnfonfudk bmrS xl;qef;[efrjy/ pkESif;u olYudk zcifESifh
rdwfqufay;onf/ tzdk;BuD;u aMomf at; at; pum;ajymMuOD;
[k qdkNyD; tdrfxJ0ifoGm;onf/ tudk qdkoluvnf; tjyifxGuf
oGm;onf/ {nfhcef;rSm [dk[dkonfonfajym&if; Mumawmh ol
bmajym&rSef; rodawmh/ wnfxm;onfh vufzuf&nfudk
ukefatmifaomufNyD; jyefOD;r,f[m? aemufrS vmcJhOD;r,fqdkNyD;
xjyefawmh pkESif;u aemufwpfcgvm&if rkefY0,fvmcJh[kyif rSm
vdkufao;onf/
ol pdwf0ifpm;aewmudk rodonfvm;? rodcsifa,mif aqmifae
onfvm;/ vHk;0 rcefYrSef;wwf/ tajctae aumif;onf[k ajym&
rnfvm;/ pkESif;onf tuJcwf& cufvSonf/
tckawmh aeYwdkif;aq;HkrSm awGU&awmhrnf jzpfojzifh ol
wuf<u aerdonf/ t&if ausmif;wufwkef;uvnf; aeYwdkif;
awGUae&wmyJjzpfonf/ 'gayrJh tckrS ydkvdkY aeYwdkif;awGUcsif
aerdonf/ 10 ESpf vHk;vHk; oli,fcsif;vdk aevmcJhNyD; tckusrS
b,fodkY zGifhajym&rnf b,fvdkp&rnfudk ol pOf;pm;r&acs/

aq;HkrSm vlemwif&ufrsm; (Admission days) wGif
tvkyfoif q&m0ef ESpfa,mufus *sLwDqif; &onf/
xdkaeYrsm;rSm 24 em&D *sLwDjzpfonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh ndNyD; olwdkY
ESpfa,muf tNrJtwlwl qif;Muonf/
tvkyfoif q&m0efb0 tpum; yifvnf;yifyef;onf/
aysmfzdkYvnf;aumif;onf/ ausmif;om;b0u pmawGU oifcJh&onf
rsm;u wjcm;/ wu,f vufawGU vkyfae&onfrsm;u wjcm;
jzpfonf/ wu,fuvnf; a[mufpfqm*sifb0rSm ausmif;pmawG
bmawG jyefpOf;pm;aecsdef r&yg/ 0g'fhwpfckvHk;rSm olwdkY
pmrsufESm - 96
a[mufpfqm*sifu pkpkaygif; 6a,muf/ Edkuf*sLwDxGuf 2 a,muf
udk z,fvdkufawmh aeYbufqdkvQif 4 a,muf om&Sdonf/ reuf
apmapmvm? Edkuf*sLwDxGufrnfh oli,fcsif;xHrS vlem tajctae
rsm;ESifh rSmp&m&Sdonfrsm;udk rSwfNyD; Senior AS Round vdkuf?
wu,fvdkY rNyD;ao;cif First Assistant 0g'fh Round rnfqdkvQif
tpu jyefvdkuf/ NyD;vQif aq;rsm;xdk;&ef? aoG;azmuf&ef?
ppfaq;csufrsm; twGuf awmif;cHvTmrsm;a&;&ef? aq;Hkqif;cGifh&
vlemrsm; twGuf aq;Hkqif; vufrSwfa&;&ef... ponfjzifh
tvkyfrsm; woD wwef;BuD; xGufvmonf/ tJhonfrSm Professor
u xyf Round OD;rnf qdkvQifawmh aoNyD/ tpu wpfcg
jyefvdkuf/ tajymif;tvJ&SdvQif xyfrSwf/ tJ'gawGNyD;awmh 10em&D
11em&D jzpfaeNyD/ tajy;tvTm; aeYvnf aq;xdk;p&m&Sdonfh
vlemawGudk aq;vdkufxdk;/ aoG;azmufp&m &Sdonfrsm;azmuf
vkyfNyD;csdefonf tenf;qHk; 12em&D/ tJonftcsdefrSm aq;Hk
qif;cGifh& vlemrsm;u jyefcsifojzifh *sDusaeMuNyD/ olwdkY
a[mufpfqm*sifawGvnf; AdkufqmaeNyD/ tvkyfrNyD;ao;awmh
xrif;rpm;Edkifao;/ aq;Hkqif;vufrSwfrsm; a&;ay;NyD; rSmp&m

&Sdonfrsm; rSm&ao;onf/
NyD;vQifawmh olESifh pkESif; uefwif;rSm xrif;twl qif;
pm;Muonf/ pkESif;u tNrJxrif;bl; xnfhvmonf/ oluawmh
&Hzef&HcgrS xnfhvmjzpfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh uefwif;u
xrif;ESifh[if; rSmpm;onf/ NyD;awmh pkESif;qDu [if;vnf;
,lpm;onf/ pkESif;uvnf; olYtwGuf [if;ydkxnfhvmwwfonf/
aeYvnf 0gh'fxJjyefa&mufvQif aemufaeYreuf aoG;azmufzdkY
twGuf ykvif;i,fuav;rsm;rSm vlemtrnf? trSwf? ukwif
eHygwfawG puLuyf&onf/ 'grS reuf tqifoifhjzpfrnf/
pmrsufESm - 97
wpfcgwpf&H aoG;azmuf&rnfh ykvif;aygif;u &mausmfonf/
aeYvnf 2 em&DausmfausmfrSm aq;rsm; wpfcgxdk;&jyefonf/ *sLwD
r[kwfvQif 4 em&D cGJavmufrS jyef&onf/ *sLwDorm;uawmh
usefcJhonf/
tJhonfacwfu wpfcgoHk;aq;xdk;tyfrsm; odyfrwGifus,fao;/
aps;BuD;onfu wpfaMumif;? aq;Hkrsm;wGif tpdk;&aq;qdkifrSvGJNyD;
yk*vduaq;qdkifrsm; r&Sdao;onfu wpfaMumif;wdkYaMumifh
&Sdoavmuf wpfcgoHk; aq;xdk;tyfrsm;udk Sterilizer jzifh
jyefjyKwfNyD; jyefoHk;&onf/ aq;xdk;NyD;vQif tyfrsm; aq;xdk;
tyfrsm;udk jyefaq;? aygif;tdk;xJ jyefxnfhjyKwf? aq;xdk;csdefusrS
jyefq,fNyD; oHk;&onf/ enf;enf;a[mif;vmrS vTifhypf&onf/
wpfcgu twlusonfh a[mufpfwpfa,mufu rodyJ oHk;NyD;
tukef vTifhypfvdkufojzifh aemufaeYaq;xdk;p&m tyfrsm;? Syringe
rsm; rvHkavmufawmhyJ jyemjzpf&zl;onf/
Edkuf*sLwDnrsm;wGif nOD;ydkif; tvkyfrsm;udk ESpfa,muf twlwl
vkyfMuonf/ Edkuf*sLwD &Dydk'fhudkawmh pkESif;u wm0ef,la&;onf/

NyD;vQif pkESif;u *sLwDtwlusonfh vufaxmufq&m0ef
trBuD;ESifh twl vufaxmufq&m0eftcef;rSm oGm;tdyfonf/
roGm;rD olYtwGuf aumfzDwpfcGuf azsmfay;oGm;avh&Sdonf/
oluawmh a[mufpfqm*sif *sLwDcef;rSm tdyfonf/ wpfpHkwpfck
udp&SdvQif q&mrrsm;u olYudk t&ifvmEId;onf/ vlemopf
vmvQif ol t&ifMunhfNyD; vkyfEdkifwm vkyfxm;vdkufonf/
vdktyfrS vufaxmufq&m0ef trBuD;udk EdI;onf/ reuf av;
em&D qdkvQifawmh ol tdyfNyD/ pkESif;u reufapmapmxNyD;
aq;xdk;wm aoG;azmufwmawG vkyfxm;onf/ NyD;vQif 7 em&D
avmufrSm olY tcef;wHcg; vmacgufonf/ ol tdyf&mx
pmrsufESm - 98
rsufESmoGm;opfNyD; jyef0ifvmvQif pkESif;u aumfzDazsmfxm;NyD;
aeNyD/ reufapmapmrSm ylylaEG;aEG; oif;ysHUonfh aumfzD&eHYudk
ESpfNcdKufpGm SLdIuf&if; tdyfa&;r0onfrsm; ajyaysmuf&onf/
ausmfpGmwdkY 0if;aZmfwdkYESifh wcgw&HrS awGUjzpfonf/ awGUMu
vQif olYudk ar;cGef;wpfck ar;Muonf/ pkESif; ESifh tqifajy
aeNyDvm;qdkonfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ ol bmjyefajz&rSef;rod/
]rif; &nf;pm;pum;awmh ajymNyD;NyDr[kwfvm;}
ol &,fvQuf ]rajym&ao;bl;} [k ajzonf/
0if;aZmfu
][if bmvkyfaewmvnf;? pkESif;u rif;udk ajymrSmudk apmifh
aewmvm;} [k &GJUonf/
]ig ajym&rSm vefYaew,f? wu,fvdkY jiif;vdkuf&if qdkwm
pOf;pm;rdNyD; rajymjzpfbl; jzpfaew,f? cdkifrmwdkY oufxm;wdkY
bmajymao;vnf;}
]bmrS rajymygbl;}
]r[kwfbl;av? tajctaeav; bmav;aygh? enf;enf; ar;ay;
zdkY ajymay;prf;yg}
]aMomf igwdkYu rif; xdk;rJh xDvufrSwfu aygufrJ[kwfr[kwf
pHkprf;ay;&r,f qdkygawmh}
]at;uGm ig aocsmcsifw,f}
]r&bl; a[haumif? igwdkY ar;MunhfNyD;NyD? olwdkYawGvnf;
rcefYrSef;wwfbl;? ay:wifar;awmhvnf; pkESif;u eifwdkYu tckrS
pmrsufESm - 99
txl;tqef; bmawG ar;aewmvnf;wJh? rif;eJY oleJYu t&ifu
twdkif;ygyJwJh? dk;dk;om;om;ygyJwJh? 'gayrJh tm;vHk;uawmh rif;eJY
pkESif; tqifajyoGm;MuNyDvdkY ,lqaeMuwmyJ}
]tJ'gaMumifh igvnf; 'kua&mufaewmaygh? ausmfawmh
avSolBuD; qdkwmvdk jzpfrSm pdk;aewm}
]rjzpfatmif vkyfayghuGm? pkESif;u rif;udk igwdkYxuf
ydkcifwmawmh todomBuD;yJ? aemufNyD; tckqdk t&ifuvdk olYudk
vdkufaewJholawGvnf; &Sdawmhwmr[kwfbl;? NydKifbufr&SdwJhyGJrSm
yef;0ifatmifawmh ajy;ayghuGm}
]tJhovdkvnf; r[kwfbl;uG? tckigwdkY 0g'fhxJrSm M.Sc wuf
aewJh AS bJBuD; wpfaAG&Sdw,f? udkvGifOD;wJh ? I.M (2) uNyD;wm?
igwdkYxuf 3-4 ESpfavmufyJ BuD;wmyg? tJ'DbJBuD;u pkESif;udkqdk
odyfOD;pm;ay;wm? olupmawmfw,f? kyfuvnf; cyfajzmifhajzmifh?
csrf;vnf; csrf;omwJhyHkyJ}
]a[... igwdkY rMum;rdygvm;? pkESif;uaum b,fvdkvJ? rif;[m

MunhfvJvkyfOD;aemf? ygoGm;OD;r,f}
]igodoavmufawmh [dku pmawmfvdkY txifBuD; av;pm;
wmaawmh &SdyHkyJ? q&m udk;? usefwmawmh yHkrSefygyJ? NyD;awmh ig
olYtay:rSm pdwfajymif;aewm odrSmyg}
]rif; vufOD;zdkYvdkw,f qdkwJhoabmyJ a[haumif? tcsdefqGJ
raeeJY jrefjrefom ajymvdkufawmh? ajymNyD;rS w&m;0ifwmuG? odHk
odaevdkY w&m;r0ifbl;? rajym&J&if pmay;uGm? [dkaumif
ausmfpGmvnf; pmay;NyD; tqifajyoGm;wmyJ[m}
pmrsufESm - 100
oli,fcsif;rsm;u wpfa,mufwpfrsKd; tBuHay;Muonf/ olu
rxHkwufaw; vkyfaerdonf/ cufonfu aeYwdkif;awGUae&?
&if;&if;ESD;ESD;vnf;ae ae&onf qdkaomfvnf; tcsdeftrsm;pku
tvkyfxJrSm jzpfaeonf/ NyD;awmh jiif;vdkufrSmudk aMumufae
rdonf/ [dk;t&ifu oli,fcsif;rsm; pMuaemufMupOfu ol
jyefajymcJhonfh pum;rsm;udkvnf; tm;emaerdonf/
tckavmavmq,fawmh pkESif;eJY onfvdk wwGJwGJ vkyfae
&onfudk auseyfom,maerdonf/ txl;ojzifh Edkuf*sLwD
qif;&aom &ufrsm;/ nzuf aq;xdk;onfh tvkyfrsm; NyD;oGm;NyD
qdkvQif ESpfa,mufom; *sLwDcef;xJrSm xkdifNyD; pum;ajym
jzpfMuonf/ pkESif;tdrfrS xnfhay;vdkufavh&Sdaom vufzufokwf
odkYr[kwf rkefYwpfckckpm;&if; axG&mav;yg;ajymMuonf/
ajymNyD;aom pum;rsm; xyfajymvnf; ysif;zdkYaumif;onf
rxifrd/ tvkyftaMumif; vlemtaMumif; a&m*gtaMumif;rsm;/
wpfcgwpfavvnf; jiif;cHkjzpfMuonf/ kyf&SiftaMumif;?
0wKawGtaMumif;/ 'gayrJh ol BudKufonfh 0wKrsm;udk pkESif;u

rBudKuf/ wcsKdUqdk Mum;awmif rMum;zl;bl;[k qdkonf/ Munfat;
qdkwm pma&;q&mvm; q&mrvm;rod/ tjyifuvl
udkzwfcdkif;awmh em;rvnf[k qdkonf/ pkESif;u t*Fvdyfpm
wdk;wufatmifqdkNyD; t*Fvdyf0wK atmf&*sife,frsm; zwfonf/
olu ysif;ojzifh bmomjyefom zwfonf/ oDcsif;qdkvnf; olu
rGef;atmif? cifarmifwdk;? xl;tdrfoifBudKufonf/ pkESif;u
t*FvdyfoDcsif;rsm; ydkem;axmifonf/ ol em;axmifonfh Guns N'
Roses usawmh qlvdkY rBudKufwJh/
pmrsufESm - 101
onfvdkESifh Posting wpfckpm 3 v ukefqHk;oGm;onf/
onftwdkif;u onftwdkif;/
aemuf Posting wpfckrSmvnf; tm;vHk; oabmwlnDcsuf t&
onfvlrsm;yif qufwGJjzpfMuonf/ aq;Hkaemufwpfck
a&mufonf/ onfrSmawmh Edkuf*sLwDudk ESpfa,mufqif;p&m
rvdkawmh/ wpfa,mufwnf; qif;&onf/ tcsdefuvnf;
wpfaeYvHk; wpfnvHk;r[kwfawmh/ Edkuf*sLwDqdkvQif nae 4 em&D
rS p qif;&onf/ reuf jyefvdkY&onf/ pkESif; *sLwDusonfh
aeYqdkvQif ol naeydkif; 5 em&Davmuftxd aeay;onf/
rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh naeydkif;u bmrS odyfvkyfp&m r&Sdojzifh
aq;Hk Canteen rSm ESpfa,muftwl qif;xdkifjzpfMuonf/
NyD;awmh tdrfcPjyefNyD; nOD;ydkif;wpfacguf xyfvmonf/
tvkyfrsm; ulvkyfay;NyD; n 10 em&D 11 em&DrS tdrfjyefjzpfonf/
w&uf Canteen rSm ESpfa,mufwnf; xkdifaewkef; ol
pum;pzdkY BudK;pm;onf/ b,fvdkajymr,fqdkwmudk nuwnf;u
pOf;pm;NyD; pum;pDvmcJhNyD;jzpfonf/
]pkESif; eifhudk ig ajymp&m&SdvdkY}
]igvnf; ajymp&m&Sdw,f? aeOD; ig t&ifajymr,f}
]uJ . . 'gqdkvnf;ajym}
]eifwdkY tck aomMumnqkd pkpkNyD; t&uf oGm;oGm;
aomufMuw,fqdk}
kwfw&uf ol NcHKcdkwkdufcdkuf cHvdkuf&olvdk jzpfoGm;onf/
]tif . . eifhudk b,folajymvnf;}
pmrsufESm - 102
]oufxm;wdkYajymwm? NyD;awmh eif t&ufoGm;oGm;aomufwm
ausmfpGmwdkY 0if;aZmfwdkYeJYvnf; r[kwfbl;wJh? tjyifuvlawGeJYwJh?
t&ifu eif t&ufaomufw,fvdkY ig rMum;rdygbl;}
ausmfpGmwdkYqDuwqifh owif;jyefa&mufonfxifh/
]wpfcgwavyg[m? a,mufsm;av;yJ[m? enf;enf;yg;yg;
awmh aomufrSmaygh? trSeftwdkif;0efcH&&if t&ufaomufwwfwm
MumvSNyD? 'gayrJh &Hzef&Hcgyg? vmvmac:Muawmh tm;emvdkYyg?
udk,fhzmomudk,fuawmh t&ufaomufEdkifavmufatmif rcsrf;om
ygbl;}
]at;yg? xm;ygawmh/ a,mufsm;av;qdkwm tenf;tusOf;
awmh aomufMuwmygyJ? ightudkvnf; aomufwmygyJ? 'gayrJh
pGJroGm;zdkY ta&;BuD;wmyJ}
]at;yg? ig rpGJygbl;}
ol ajymvdkonfudk qufajymzdkY tm;,lvdkufpOfrSmyif
]tpfr? q&mru ac:ckdif;vdkufvdkY vlem topfa&mufw,fwJh?

tJ'g vmMunhfygOD;wJh}
vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh 0g'fhxJrS tvkyform;/ ol pdwfysuf
oGm;onf/ pkESif;u ]vmNyD? vmNyD? tckwufvmcJhr,f} qdkNyD;
ydkufqH&Sif;&ef pm;yGJxkd;udk vSrf;ac:vdkufonf/ olvnf; cJavorQ
oJa&us jzpf&jyefonf/
wpf&uf/ olY Edkuf*sLwD txGuf&ufu pkESif; Edkuf*sLwD us&uf
jzpfaeonf/ nu aoG;tefonfh vlemu azmufojzifh vHk;0eD;yg;
pmrsufESm - 103
rtdyfvdkuf&/ aoG;awGoGif; aq;awGoGif;jzifh wpfnvHk; BuKd;pm;
vdkuf&aomfvnf; reufvif;cgeD;rSm qHk;yg;oGm;cJhonf/
pkESif;u naerS a&mufrnfjzpfojzifh ol tdrfjyefonf/ 11 em&D
avmufrSm xrif;pm;NyD; tdyfaysmfoGm;onfrSm Edk;vdkY Munhfvdkuf
awmh nae 4 em&D xdk;aeNyD/ ol uref;uwef;a&csKd;NyD; aq;HkodkY
xGufcJhonf/ 0gh'fxJwufoGm;awmh pkESif;udk tjyifrSm rawGU&/
a[mufpfqm*siftcef; oGm;Munhfawmh wHcg;aomhcwfxm;onf/
'gESifh q&mrudk ar;Munhfawmh Canteen oGm;OD;rnf[k ajym
oGm;aMumif; od&onf/ tcsdefu tjyifrSm arSmifpyifysKd;aeNyD/
Adkufqmojzifh olYudkrapmifhEdkifyJ wpfa,mufwnf; qif;oGm;
onfxifh/ oluvnf; uaeY aemufusoGm;onfudk;/ ol rvm
awmhbl;[krsm; xifoGm;ovm;rod/
ol Canteen odkY jyefqif;vmcJhonf/ onfuaeY tcGifhoifh
vQifawmh ajymjzpfatmif ajymvdkufawmhrnf[k pdwful;onf/
bmzsufzsuf tzsufrcHawmh/ wu,fawmh ajym&rnfhpum;u
wpfcGef;wnf;omjzpfonf/ tcsdeftrsm;BuD;rvdkyg/
okdYaomf Canteen xJodkY t0ifrSm awGUvdkuf&aom jrifuGif;
aMumifh ol thHtm;oifhHkru rsufpdwdkYyif jyma0oGm;ovm;
xifrSwfvdkufrdavonf/
Canteen xJrSm pkESif; xdkifaeonf/ wpfa,mufwnf;awmh
r[kwf/ a'gufwmvGifOD;ESifh yguvm;/

pmrsufESm - 104
bmvdkvdkESifh onfNrdKUuav;rSm wpfESpfausmfcefY &SdcJhNyD/ tvkyf

rsm;udkvnf; twef ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif vkyfEdkifcJhNyD[k xifrdonf/
tkyfcsKyfa&;zufrS olrsm;? NrdKUe,frSL;? pcef;rSL;? w&m;olBuD;
ponfwdkYESifhvnf; xdawGUqufqH ae&ojzifh twef&if;ESD;cJhNyD/
NrdKUe,fq&m0efqdkuwnf;u wGJNyD;ygvmaom &mxl;rsm; olYrSm

tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ NrdKUe,f MuufajceDtoif; Ou|? NrdKYe,f
rdcifESifhuav; apmifha&Smufa&;toif; Ou|? trsKd;orD;a&;&m
trIaqmiftzGJU0if? NrdKYe,f usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI aumfrwD
twGif;a&;rSL;? ausmif;usef;rma&;tzGJU Ou|? onfhtjyif tjcm;
&mxl;rsm;&Sdao;onf/ &Hzef&Hcg zGJUpnf;onfh bmusif;ya&; nm
usif;ya&; tzGJUrsm;wGifvnf; yg&ao;onf/ onfvdk
tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh ol tuRrf;w0ifr&SdcJh/ olu vrf;pOfvli,fyif
jzpfcJhzl;ol r[kwf/
pmrsufESm - 105
a&mufcgpu &,fp&mwpfck BuHK&ao;onf/ tJhonftcsdefu
MuufajceDtzGJUudk t&efwyf&if;rsm;tjzpf wdk;jrifhonfqdkNyD; vkyf
aecsdefjzpfonf/ NrdKUe,fudk wdkif;rS vlBuD;rsm;vmNyD; t&efwyf&if;
tjzpf wm0efay;tyfyGJvkyfrnf/ MuufajceDtoif; Ou|ESifh
MuufajceDtoif;wyf&if;rSL;u wm0efay;tyfvTmudk vufcH&rnf/
wdkif;rS tBuD;tuJrsm; vmrnfhyGJqdkawmh NrdKUtwGuf awmfawmf
uav; ta&;BuD;onfhyGJ jzpfonf/ MuufajceD vli,fav;rsm;
udkvnf; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; awGUae&onf/ olu NrdKUe,f MuufajceD
toif; OuX jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ wu,fawmh bmrSrod bmrS
rvkyfwwf/
wpf&uf ol ESifh MuufajceD vli,fav; 4 OD; cefY vrf;rSm
qHkrdMuonf/ uav;rsm;u 0wfpHkjynfhESifh/ olYudkjrifawmh
wpfa,mufu tav;jyK[katmfNyD; owdqGJ tav;jyKonf/ usef
MuufajceDuav;rsm;uvnf; vdkufNyD; tav;jyKMuonf/
kwfw&ufqdkawmh ol bmvkyf&rSef;rod/ &yfyJ ae&rSmvm;?
qufyJ oGm;&rSmvm;/ aemufawmh acgif;wpfcsufndwfjy
vufuav; tomjyNyD; qufavQmufvmcJhonf/ uav;rsm; ol

jzwfausmfoGm;csdefxd tav;jyKvQufom;/ aemufrS owd&onf/
tav;jyKolrsm;udk oluvnf; tjzpfoabm jyefNyD;
tav;jyK&rnf jzpfonf/ ol tav;jyKNyD; vufcsvdkufrS
uav;rsm; vufcsNyD; owdtaetxm;rS jzKwfcGifh&rnf jzpfonf/
rwwfEdkif/ aumifuav;awGuawmh 'D q&m0ef Ou|BuD;u
b,fvdkBuD; ygvdrfh[k pOf;pm;aeMurvm; rod/
aemuf tJhonf wm0efay;tyfyGJrSm olu aus;Zl;wifpum;
wufajym&ao;onf/ ajymqdkvdkYom ajym&onf bmudk aus;Zl;
pmrsufESm - 106
wifwmrSef;vnf; rod/ onfvdk vltrsm;BuD;a&SUrSm pum;ajym
onfh tawGUtBuHKur&Sd/ e*dkuawmh bmajymr,f nmajymr,f
pOf;pm;xm;onf/ Stage ay:wufNyD; pum;ajympifuav;aemuf
0if&yfum y&dowfzuf MunhfvdkufonfESifh rsm;jym;vSaom
vlrsm;udk jrifNyD; ajczsm;vufzsm;awG at;um &ifawGckef 'l;awG
wkefvmonf/ ajymrnf[k pOf;pm;xm;onfrsm; b,fa&muf
ukefrSef;rod/ onfvdkESifh uaygufwduaygufcsm txpf txpf
ajym&if; jyefqif;vmcJh&onf/
olY vufatmufrS usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;udk qufqH&wm
vnf; enf;enf;awmh 'kua&mufonf/ tm;vHk;u olYxuf
toufBuD;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ atmufqHk;tvkyform;u tp
olYxuf toufBuD;onf/ tcsKdUqdkvQif vkyfoufcsnf;uyif olY
toufxuf ydkrsm;aeonf/ usef;rma&;rSL; (HA) rsm;rSm olYxuf
pwdkifxGm;Muonf/ a&TqGJBudK;? a&T[ef;csdef;? a&Ta&mif vufywf
em&Drsm;jzifh/ tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm udk,fydkifpufavSrsm;yif &Sdonf[k
Mum;&onf/
NrdKUay:rSm MunhfvdkufvQif tpdk;&0efxrf;xJrSm olYtvkyfcsdefu
trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ tjcm;olrsm; naecif; at;at;aq;aq;
vrf;avQmufxGuf avnif;cH vkyfaecsdefwGif olYrSm aq;cef;
vlemrsm;ESifh vHk;yef;ae&onf/ tjcm;olrsm; nydkif; xrif;
pm;aomufNyD; at;at;vlvl wDAGDMunhfaecsdefrSm aq;HkrSm
a&mufcsifa&mufaernf/ xrif; tajy;tvTm;pm;aecsdef jzpfcsif
jzpfaernf/ tjcm;olrsm; nbuf ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfrufawG
bmawG rufaecsdefrSm arG;vlema&mufojzifh xMunhf&? cGJpdwfcef;
0if&wmawGESifh tdyfa&;r0onfh &ufawGu trsm;om;/
pmrsufESm - 107
aocsmpOf;pm;Munhfawmh tpdk;&0efxrf;xJwGif q&m0efom
w&m;0if jyify0ifaiG&&Sdonf/ tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;rSm onfvdkr&Sd/
odkYpOfvQuf tjcm;olrsm; tb,fu 0ifaiGjzifh onfodkY aexdkif
pm;aomuf aeEdkifygoenf;/ b,fu 0ifaiG&ygoenf;/
&Sif;ygonf/ 0efxrf;wdkif;rSm w&m;r0if 0ifaiGawG &SdaeMuonf/
vmbfpm;MuonfrSm tvGefxif&Sm;aeonf/ xif&Sm;vGef;? BuD;rm;
vGef;awmhvnf; dk;oGm;onfxifh/ tm;vHk;u 'gudk yHkrSefyJ?
jzpfdk;jzpfpOf omref udpwpfckyJ[k oabmxm;aeMuonf/
wu,fawmh tvGefBuD;us,fonfh udpBuD;wpfck/ udk,fhw&m;0if
0ifaiGxuf ydkoHk;pGJaeEdkifonf qdkonfrSm wu,fhudk pHkprf;&rnfh
udpBuD;jzpfavonf/
pm&if;ppftzGJUu Hk;rsm;udk vSnfhvnfpm&if;ppf&if; tydk0ifaiG
&onf/ aq;Hkudk yHkrSefpm&if;ppf 0ifrnfqdkawmh pma&;ru
vmajymonf/ oluawmh bmrS r[kwfwm vkyfrxm;ojzifh
ppfyapaygh[k ajymrdonf/ aemufrS aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;awmh
ol wm0ef,l vufrSwfxdk;ay; ae&onfh ]Xp} qdkonfh pm&if;
Z,m;rsm;/ olvnf; em;vnfonfr[kwf/ tcefYroifhyJ ]Xp} u

axmifpm jzpfoGm;vQif jyem/ onfawmh aemifawmfrsm;xHk;
ESvHk;rlNyD; xHk;pH&Sdonfh twdkif;omvkyf[k ajymvdkuf&onf/
pdkufysKd;a&;XmerSvlu pyg;0,fNyD; avSmifonf/ Xmeuvl
qdkawmh v,form;awGudk tydkifcsnfNyD; 0,fonf/ olYudkyif
vmqG,fao;onf/ pyg;rsm;0,f&mwGif aiGtenf;i,fvdkaeojzifh
&S,f,mygrvm;[k vmajymonf/ aocsmayguf jrwfap&rnf[k
tmrcHonf/ oluawmh wHk;onfajymajym tonfajymajym udk,f
em;rvnfonfh udpqdkawmh jiif;vTwfvdkufonf/
pmrsufESm - 108
pdkufbPfu ydkqdk;ao;onf/ v,form;rsm;udk pdkufysKd;p&dwf
acs;aiGxkwfay;&mrSm olwdkYu pyg;0,fzdkY pmcsKyfcsKyf&if; olwdkY
twGufyg xnfhcsKyfMuonf/ v,form;rsm;rSm acs;aiGuvnf;
r,l rae&/ NyD;awmh pyg;uvnf; ra&mif;rae&/ pm&if;
csKyfvdkufawmh wpfESpfvHk; vkyfNyD; xGufvmonfh pyg;rSm bmrS
rusefoavmufyif/
aq;Hk ukoa&;zufrSmawmh olYtwGuf ynmawG trsm;BuD;
&onf/ emrnfvnf; &onf/ aq;HkrSm trsm;qHk; uk&onfh
a&m*grSm iSufzsm;jzpfonf/ qdk;vnf; tvGefqdk;onf/
iSufzsm;uvnf; yHkpHaygif;pHkjzifh vmonf/ csrf;wkefzsm; qdkwm
avmufu dk;aeNyD/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh Cerebral Malaria ac:
OD;aESmufxJ iSufzsm;ydk;a&mufNyD; owdvpfvmolrsm;onf/ aemuf
iSufzsm;ydk;aMumifh 0rf;oGm;onfh vlemrsm;/ qD;rnf;rnf;awG
oGm;onfh vlemrsm;/ iSufzsm;vlem tm;vHk;vdkvdkrSm jyif;xefonf/
omref aomufaq;avmufESifh &avhr&Sd/ aq;HkwifNyD; Quinine
Drip ESifh tjcm;xdk;aq; wpfrsKd;aygif;xdk;rS &onf/
aemufxl;qef;onfh yHkpHwpfrsKd;u tzsm;vHk;0r&SdyJ acgif;udkuf

aejcif;jzpfonf/ tpu olvnf; bmrSef;rod/ omref
acgif;udkufa&m*g xifojzifh tudkuftcJaysmufaq;awG trsKd;pHk
ay;Munhfonf/ roufom/ rdef;uav;vlem qdkvQifawmh
tuJydkonf bmonf[k xifrdOD;rnf/ tcku rsm;aomtm;jzifh
trsKd;om; vlemrsm;/ vlemrSm awmfawmfav; cHpm;ae&yHk&ojzifh
BuD;BuD;rm;rm; OD;aESmufESifh tmHkaMum a&m*gawGrsm;vm;[kyif
xifrdao;onf/ 'gayrJh 'DvdkyHkpHtwdkif; cP cPawGUvm&awmh
ol pdwf0ifpm;vmonf/ aemuf a&m*g&mZ0if ar;Munhfawmh
pmrsufESm - 109
tJhonfvdk acgif;udkufa&m*g &olrsm;rSm wlnDwmwpfck oGm;
awGYonf/ t&ifu iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfzl;Muonf/ odkYaomf tcku
vHk;0rzsm;/ bmyJjzpfjzpfqdkNyD; prf;oyfonfh taejzifh xdkvlem
rsm;udk iSufzsm;aq;auR;Munhfonf/ r&/ aemufqHk; aq;HkwifNyD;
Quinine Drip oGif;Munfhonf/ tJhonfawmhrS acgif;udkufu
,lypfvdkufovdk aysmufoGm;avonf/
wpf&uf aq;cef;udk rdef;uav;wpfa,muf vmjyonf/
rl;w,farmw,f &ifwkefw,f[k qdkonf/ 20 0ef;usif t&G,f/
ppfaq;vdkufawmh tm;vHk;yHkrSef jzpfojzifh twlygvmonfh rdcifudk
'Dt&G,f 'DvdkyJ jzpfwwfygw,f? pdwfrylygeJYbmeJYqdkNyD; tm;aq;
av; bmav; ay;NyD; jyefvTwfonf/ onfawmh tzGm;BuD;u
ZmwfpHkcif;onf/ aumifrav;u wdkif;NrdKUrSm pmay;pm,lqdkvm;
wufaeoljzpfonf/ 'kwd,ESpf/ tcku olYom; ti,faumif
rdef;uav;\ armif aq;Hkwuf&ojzifh jyefvmapmifhay;wm[k
ajymonf/ tdyfa&;ysufwmrsm;NyD; jzpfwmyg[k qdkonf/ aq;Hk
wufwmuvnf; olYaq;HkrSmyJjzpfonf/ aocsmar;MunfhawmhrS
vGefcJhonfh ig;&ufcefYu aq;HkodkY owdvpfNyD; a&mufvmonfh

Cerebral Malaria vlem &Jwyfom;av;wpfOD; jzpfaeonf/
tJhonf &Jwyfom;av; &JxJ0if&ef aq;axmufcHpmuvnf; olYqD
uyif ,loGm;wmygwJh/ atmf tvdkvdkae&if; w&m;cH jzpf&
yguvm;/ tckuawmh owdjyef&NyD; aumif;aeNyD/ aemufwpf&uf
ESpf&ufqdk aq;Hkyif qif;cGifh&awmhrnf/
xdk&Jwyfom;av; aq;Hkqif;awmh trjzpfol rdef;uav;yg olY
Hk;ay: wufvmNyD; aq;cGifhvdkuf,lonf/ xHk;pHtwdkif; olu
aq;cGifhESpfywf a&;ay;onf/ aumifuav;uawmh bmpum;rQ
pmrsufESm - 110
rajym/ rdef;uav;uawmh armifi,f\ usef;rma&;tajctae?
tvkyf jyef0ifEdkifyghrvm;? tJhonfa'oudk jyefoGm;vdkY oifhygh
rvm;? aq;cGifhudk wpfvavmufay;vdkY r&bl;vm; ponfjzifh
tawmfMumar;jref;aeawmh ol pdwfr&Snfawmh/ tck
avmavmq,f vlemvnf; aumif;aeNyDjzpfvdkY ESpfywfom ay;Edkif
aMumif;? ESpfywfukefoGm;rSom tajctaet& xyfay;oifhvQif
xyfay;EdkifaMumif; ajymNyD; jyefckdif;vdkufonf/
aemufwpfaeY xdk rdef;rav; olYaq;cef;odkY a&mufvmjyefonf/
olY rdcifESifh/ vlemtjzpfESifhawmh r[kwf/ q&mudk aus;Zl;wifvdkY
uefawmhwmygq&m[k qdkum tdwfwpfckudk vlemukwifay:
wifNyD; aq;cef;Murf;jyifrSmyif olYudk xdkifuefawmhonf/ olu
[m rvkyfygeJY rvdkygbl;[k wm;awmh tzGm;BuD;uyg q&m&,f
vufcHyg/ orD;u aus;Zl;wifvGef;vdkY wzGzG ajymaewm[k
0ifajymonf/ NyD;awmh q&m awmf rawmf pD;MunfhygOD;[kqdkum
tdwfudkzGifhawmh txJrS qifajcmufaumif om;a&zdeyfwpf&H
xGufvmonf/ eHygwfudkrSef;awmh 0,fcJhwmyJ rawmfrSmpdk;vdkY[k
qdkum zdeyfudk olYajc&if;rSm csNyD; twif;pD;Munfhcdkif;onf/ ol

a,mifa,mifuef;uef;ESifh pD;Munfhvdkufawmh tawmfyJ
jzpfaeonf/ rdef;uav;u uGufwdyJtar? orD;rSef;wm rSefw,f
[k qdkum tzGm;BuD;udk vSnfhajymonf/ tzGm;BuD;uvnf; at;yg
at;yg[k qdk&if; tJ'g q&ma&? q&m rawmfrSm pdk;&drfvdkYwJh
qdkifudk rawmf&if vmjyefvJr,fvdkY ajymNyD; ,lvmwm[k qdkonf/
aemuf ESpfywftMumrSm wpfcg armiftwGuf aq;cGifhvm,l
jyefonf/ wm0efusonfh ae&muvnf; iSufzsm;aygonfh ae&m
jzpfojzifh aemufESpfywf xyfa&;ay;vdkufonf/ xdknaerSm
pmrsufESm - 111
rdef;uav; olYtdrfodkYa&mufvmjyefonf/ pmtdwfuav;wpftdwf/
ydkufqHaiGom;jzpfrnf/ ol pdwfwdkoGm;onf/ olu wm0eft&
trSefwu,fvnf; aeraumif;xm;ol jzpfojzifh aq;cGifha&;ay;
jcif;jzpfaMumif;? tcaMu;aiGay;&ef rvdkaMumif;? ,cif
wpfacgufu trSwfw&ypnf; taejzifhom ol vufcH
xm;vdkufwmjzpfaMumif; ajymNyD; pmtdwfudk jyef,loGm;ckdif;
vdkufonf/ rdef;uav;vnf; olYudk txyfxyf awmif;yefNyD;
xGufoGm;onf/
aemufaeY aq;cef;odkY a&mufvmNyefonf/ rdcifyg ygvmonf/
ykqdk;[k odomapaom txkyfwpfxkyfESifh/ tzGm;BuD;u
'gav;awmh vufcHyg q&m&,f? raeYu q&mhorD;u
pdwfraumif;vdkY qdkwm ajymvdkYudk rNyD;bl;? q&mh aus;Zl;udk
wefzdk;jzwfwm r[kwfygbl;? orD;u q&mYudk wpfckck ray;&&if
pdwfaumif;rSm r[kwfbl; jzpfaevdkYyg[k ajymonf/
onfhaemufawmh rdef;uav;onf olYaq;cef;odkY rMumcP
qdkovdk vmvmjyavh &Sdvmonf/ taxGtxl;awmh r[kwfvS/

rl;w,farmfw,f ponfh ty&dursm;om/ odkYaomfvnf; . . . .

rdef;uav;onf bma&m*grS taxGtxl; r&SdygbJvsuf

olYqDrSm aq;cef; vmvmjyonfhtBudrfawG pdwfvmcJhonf/
wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; rdcifESifh? wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; oli,fcsif;ruav;
rsm;ESifh/ olu rnfonfha&m*grQ r&SdaMumif;? rnfonfhaq;rQ
aomuf&efrvdk? aomufcsifvQif BudKufonfh tm;aq;wpfrsKd;om
pmrsufESm - 112
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pmrsufESm - 113
iSufuav;ESpfaumifyHkudk csnfa&mifpHkjzifh yef;xkd;xm;onf/
NyD;awmh atmufem;rSm LOVE qdkaom pmvHk;uav;/
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odMuonf/ txl;ojzifh olYudk qdkygawmh/
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pmrsufESm - 114
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pmrsufESm - 115
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rrSefonfhMum;u NrdKYay:txufwef;ausmif; Multimedia class
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pmrsufESm - 116
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ajymavh&SdMuovm; rod/
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pmrsufESm - 117
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pmrsufESm - 118
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aemuf pmrsufESmrsm;rSmvnf; uAsmuav;rsm;? pmwdkpmp
uav;rsm; a&;xm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 119
ol zwfNyD; oufjyif;dIufrdonf/ udk,fcsif;pmrdaomfvnf;
rjzpfEdkifonfh udpwpfcktay: ol tjrwfrxkwfvdkyg/
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cHpm;ae& ygao;onf/

pmrsufESm - 120
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pmrsufESm - 121
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pmrsufESm - 122
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pmrsufESm - 123
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pmrsufESm - 124
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pmrsufESm - 125
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pmrsufESm - 126
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pmrsufESm - 127
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pmrsufESm - 128
11
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pmrsufESm - 129
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pmrsufESm - 130
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pmrsufESm - 131
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ajymp&m r&Sdygbl;[k qdkonf/
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aq;a&mif;onfh olrsm; b,favmuf tjrwfawG &aeovJqdkwm

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pmrsufESm - 132
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pmrsufESm - 133
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pmrsufESm - 134
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pmrsufESm - 135
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&Jpcef;0if;xJ wpfywfvSnfhNyD;awmh NrdKUe,frSL;tdrf jyefcsDwuf
Muonf/ ESpfa,mufu NrdKUe,frSL;eJYawmh vdkufraomuf&Jygbl;
q&m&,fqdkNyD; jyefvpfoGm;Muonf/ olESifh pm&if;ppf? tjrwfcGef
XmerS vlwdkYomusefonf/ NrdKUe,frSL;tdrf jyefcsDwufoGm;NyD;
paomufMuonf/ naeapmif;awmh ykvif;ajymifoGm;onf/
olvnf; emrnfwGifusef&pfonf/ onf q&m0efwpfa,mufyJ

&Sdao;w,f &Jpcef;0if;xJ0ifNyD; tvSLaumuf NrdKUe,frSL;udkyg
tvSLcHHkru NrdKUe,frSL;u t&ufyg wdkufvdkuf&wm[k ajymMu
onf/
xdkESpfu oBuFefusif;ya&;aumfrwDu onfESpftvkyfvkyf&wm
pdwftcsrf;omqHk;yJ[k qdkonf/ wpfcgrS vdkonfhydkufqHudk
vdkoavmuf csufcsif;&wm rBuHKzl;cJhMuao;/ ,refESpfu ta<u;
rsm;vnf; tm;vHk;aMuoGm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 136
oBuFef,drf; NydKifyGJtwGuf 'dkifa&G;awmh olYudkyif 'dkifcsKyfvkyfcdkif;
Mujyefonf/ qdkwm uwmawG em;rvnfygbl; ajymvnf;r&/
jzpfyHku NrdKUrSm awmifykdif;ESifh ajrmufydkif;&Sdonf/ onfESpfcku
,drf;NydKifyGJrSm 0ifNydKifrnfh t"du toif;ESpfoif; jzpfaeonf/
ESpfydkif;&Sdonf qdkuwnf;u xHk;pHtwdkif; wpfydkif;ESifh wpfydkif;
odyfrwnfhMu/ tjcm;Xmeqdkif&m vlBuD;trsm;pkrSm onfNrdKUom;
wpfykdif;rsm; jzpfaeMuNyD/ r,uOu| usawmhvnf; roifhawmf/
onfawmh ESpfzufpvHk;rS bufrvdkuf[k ,HkMunf&olu
oljzpfaeonf/ usefolrsm;u tul'kdifrsm;jzpfonf/ tul'dkifrsm;
qdkaomfvnf; trSwfudk tm;vHk; wef;wlay;&jcif;jzpfonf/ olu
olY trSwftygt0if 'kdifrsm;tm;vHk;xHrS trSwfudk pkay;Hkom
jzpfonf/
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em;em;vkyfonf[k ajym&rnf/ tBudKaeYnaewGif wpfckwnf;
aom r@yfa&SUrSm pkMuonf/ ,drf;tzGJUrsm; tm;vHk;u pifay:rSm
a&m pifatmufrSma&m ae&m,lMuonf/ oltygt0if r,uESifh
Xmeqdkif&mrsm; twGuf pifa&SUrvSrf;rurf;rSm xkdifcHkrsm;

csxm;ay;onf/ nae r*Fvmtcsdefa&mufawmh r,uOu|u
zJBudK;jzwfzGifhNyD; qdkif;0dkif;u jrLarSmifa0uif;udk tqdktwD;ESifh
p&m ,drf;oruav;rsm; NydKifwluMuonf/ NyD;awmh aiGzvm;xJ
a&xnfhNyD; oajycufrsm;jzifh a&yufMuonf/ oajycuf
qdkaomfvnf; tpnf;vdkufBuD; jzpfojzifh &TJ&TJpdkwmyJjzpfonf/
onfvdkqdkawmhvnf; NrdKUuav;u cspfp&maumif;aejyefonf/
tm;vHk;tNyD; ol aiGpm&if; &Sif;wrf;wifawmh wpfaomif;eD;yg;
ydkaeao;ojzifh tm;vHk;u &,fMuonf/ 'Dq&muawmh
rvG,fbl;? aiGydkwmrsm; jyae&w,fvdkY[k qdkMuonf/ q&myJ
pmrsufESm - 137
odrf;xm;yg/ aemufESpfvnf; q&myJ qufvkyf&rSmyJ[k
qdkMuonf/ atmf xef;wufaumif; vufrSwf&vdkufyHkrsm;/

udk,fhteD;uyf 0efxrf;rsm;\ jyemomru/ ta0;rS

jyemrsm;vnf; a&mufvmao;onf/
ol onfNrdKYa&mufa&mufcsif; tcsdefu acwNrdKUe,f q&m0ef
vkyfaeonfh wdkufe,fq&m0efESifh xdkaq;HkrS aq;pyf0efxrf;wdkY
jyemjzpfMuonf/ &efndK;ponfu aq;a&mif;onfh udp
jzpfonf/ xdkwdkufe,fq&m0efu xHk;pHtwdkif; tdrfrSm
aq;a&mif;ojzifh aq;Hkp&dwfrQay; aq;qdkifrSm emvef
rxlEdkifawmh/ aq;Hkp&dwfrQay;udk wm0ef,l a&mif;ay;ae&onfh
xdk0efxrf;u rausreyfjzpfNyD; tjyeftvSef wdkifpmydkYMujcif;
jzpfonf/ yxr 0efxrf;u pNyD; wdkifonf/ emrnfcHNyD;
wdkifonfawmh r[kwf/ Mum;xJrS wpfa,mufudk owif;rsm;ay;NyD;
wdkifpmydkYapjcif; jzpfonf/ wdkufe,fq&m0efonf aq;HkwGif

cGJpdwfrIrsm;udk tcaMu;aiG,lNyD; vkyfaeaMumif;? ydkufqH
ray;Edkifygu tcsdefqGJxm;NyD; cGJojzifh vlemrsm; touf
qHk;HI;onftxd jzpf&aMumif; tpcsDNyD; Oyrm tjzpf emrnf
twdtus aeY&uftcsdef twdtusESifh arG;vlem wpfOD; ta&;ay:
a&mufvmonfudk csufcsif;cGJ&ef vdktyfaomfvnf; rcGJbJ
ydkufqHawmif;aMumif;? ydkufqHvufiif; rygojzifh vlemrSm
ydkufqHjyef&Sm&aMumif;/ ydkufqHay;awmhrS cGJojzifh rdcifom
toufcsrf;om&m&NyD; cav;rSm toufqHk;HI; oGm;aMumif;
ponfjzifh pDumywfuHk;a&;xm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 138
xdktcsdefu trsKd;orD;a&;&m? rdcifuav;apmifha&Smufa&;wdkY
wefcdk;xGm;csdefjzpfojzifh cav;aoqHk;&onfqdkwm ygvmonfh
twGuf wdkdufe,fq&m0efudk DEPE ac: XmewGif; pHkprf;ppfaq;rI
vkyf&onf/ Ou|tjzpf wdkif;OD;pD;rSL;uvkyfNyD; olu tzGJY0if
jzpfonf/ q&m0efESifh wdkifpmydkYolwdkYukd NrdKUodkYac:,l ppfaq;
ar;jref;Muonf/ um,uH&Sif vlemudk ar;jref;&efvdkvmonfh
tcg awmtxd qif;&avonf/ vlBuD;rsm; rvdkufEdkifojzifh ol
oGm;&onf/ vufESdyfpufBuD;udk wynfhtm; rckdif; awmtxd
qif;NyD; ar;jref; rSwfwrf;wif&avonf/
wdkifcsufu tukeftwdtus rrSefaomfvnf; rSefoifhoavmuf
rSefavonf/ arG;vlema&mufvmNyD; csufcsif;rcGJjzpf/ wdkufe,f
q&m0efuawmh aq;Hka&mufuwnf;u uav; touf
rygawmh[k qdkonf/ xdkYjyif vlemrSm aoG;aygifrsm; wtm;us
aeojzifh aoG;oGif;&ef t&if jyifqif&onf[k qdkonf/
aoG;oGif;&ef vdktyfaom aoG;oGif;ydkuf aoG;cHykvif;wdkYu pwdkrSm
r&Sdojzifh 0,fcdkif;&onf[kqdkonf/ 'guvnf; ajym&rnf
qdkvQifawmh trSefjzpfonf/ odkYaomf wdkufe,fq&m0ef

wpfa,muf taejzifh ta&;ay:twGuf jyifqifxm;oifhonf/
vlem&Sifrsm;uawmh jzpfNyD;onfhudpudk tus,ftus,f rNidrf;zG,f
rjzpfvdkyg[k qdkonf/ q&m0efu wu,f ydkufqHawmif;ovm;
qdkawmh rawmif;yg[k ajzonf/ NyD;rS w&m;r0if xyfar;awmh
awmif;awmhawmif;onf ray;Edkifawmhvnf; twif;xyfawmif;
raeyg[kqdkonf/
xdkwdkufe,fq&m0efum; aygif;oif;qufqHa&; AsL[m
uRrf;usifoljzpfonf/ rnfodkYrnfyHk jyKvkyfvdkufonfrod/ tcsKyf
pmrsufESm - 139
qdk&aomf wdkif;OD;pD;\ tpDt&ifcHpmwGif p&dwfrQay;qufqHa&;udk
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif em;vnfrI vGJrSm;jcif;aMumifh jzpf&
ygonf[kom jzpfavonf/ wdkif;OD;pD;u a&;onfqdkawmh olwdkY
tzGJY0ifawGvnf; vufrSwfxdk;ay;&avonf/ rMumcifrSmawmh
xdkwdkufe,fq&m0ef tjcm;we,fodkY ajymif;a&TU&onf/
ajymif;&aomfvnf; &mxl;wpfqifhwdk;ESifh jzpfonf/ tHhMobG,f
aumif;avpG/
xdkYtjyif wdkufe,fq&m0efu olrajymif;&rDrSm vufpm;acs
oGm;ao;onf/ jyefNyD; wdkifpmydkUjcif; jzpfonf/
wpf&uf xdkwdkufe,fq&m0efxHrS pm0ifvmonf/ wdkif;rSL;xH
vdyfrlNyD; &JrSL;? wdkif;OD;pD;rSL;? axmufvSrf;a&;ESifh olYxHodkY rdwL
ydkUxm;onf/ xdk0efxrf;onf EdkifiHa&;rsm; vkyfaeojzifh wm0efod
tBuD;tuJwpfOD; taejzifh owday;aomfvnf; em;axmifjcif;
r&SdyJ qufvuf EdkifiHa&; rNidrfroufrIrsm; jzpfay:ap&ef
aumv[vrsm; xkwfvTifhaeygonf[k wdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ pmudk
wdkif;rSL;xH wdkufdkufwifjcif;jzpfonf/ olESifh usef;rma&;

OD;pD;rSL;u rdwLom&onf/
tjzpfrSefu ArmwdkYxHk;pHtwdkif; a&'D,dkem;axmifNyD; t&yfxJrSm
[dkajymonfajym ajymMujcif;jzpfonf/ xdk0efxrf;uvnf;
olMum;vmonfh aumv[vwpfckudk trSwfrxifajymrdonf/
&efukefrSm ausmif;om;rsm; qlqlylyljzpfaeaMumif;? rMumcif
ausmif;rsm;ydwf&onfh tajctae a&mufvmEdkifonf[k
Mum;aMumif; ponfjzifh tcsif;csif;taejzifh Mum;aomowif;udk
zvS,fonf/ 'gudk wdkufe,fq&m0efu tcsdeftwdtus
ae&mtwdtus olUbufu vloufaoESifhwuG xdk0efxrf;onf
pmrsufESm - 140
aumv[vrsm;vTifhNyD; EdkifiHa&; rwnfNidrfatmifvkyfygonf[k
wdkifjcif;jzpfonf/
EdkifiHa&;[k acgif;pOfwyfvdkufonfESifh [kwfaomf&Sd r[kwf
aomf&Sd trIu MuD;oGm;awmhonf/ ydkqdk;onfu xdk0efxrf;rSm 88
umvrsm;u awmfawmfwuf<ucJhol[k od&onf/ wdkif;&JtzGJYESifh
axmufvSrf;a&;rS csufcsif;nTefMum;csufxkwfNyD; xdk0efxrf;udk
zrf;cdkif;onf[kod&onf/ olYqDudk nwGif;csif;yif r,uOu|?
&JrSL;? usef;rma&;wkdif;OD;pD;? axmufvSrf;a&;wdkYrS zkef;rsm;
wef;pD0ifvmonf/ olvnf; bmrS wdwdusus tajzray;Edkif/
wdkifpmu olYxHudk rdwLydkYjcif;om jzpfaMumif;/ ol odorQudk
r,uOu|ESifh olYtBuD;tuJjzpfaom wdkif;OD;pD;rSL;xH tpD&ifcHpm
ydkYNyD;aMumif; ajz&onf/
xdk0efxrf;udk aeYwGif;csif; wdkufe,frS NrdKUokdYac:vmNyD;
tcsKyfrSm cPxm;onf/ tmrcHray;/ bm&,fawmhr[kwf/
olYatmufu 0efxrf;jzpfaeojzifh &Jpcef;tcsKyfrSm oGm;awGU&ef
BudK;pm;awmh NrdKUe,frSL;u ay;rawGU/ olYudk Hk;cef;xJ ac:oGm;NyD;

rawGUygeJYq&m&,f[k ajym&if; vufzuf&nf rSmwdkufum {nfhcH
xm;ojzifh rawGUvdkuf&/ aemuf&ufrSm wdkif;odkYydkYonf/ &ufydkif;
twGif;rSmyif wdkif;w&m;Hk;rSm trIppfNyD; EdkifiHa&;qlylaprIjzifh
axmifcsvdkufonf/ b,folrS bmrSrwwfEdkif/ oludk,fwdkif
yifvQif xdkwdkufe,fq&m0efudk awmfawmfaMumufoGm;rdavonf/
aemufvlrIa&; jyemwpfckuawmh pdwfwdk& tcuf &,f&
tcuf/
pmrsufESm - 141
NrdKUESifh awmfawmfuav;vSrf;aom &GmwpfckrSmjzpfonfh jyem
jzpfonf/ wpf&ufrSm olYHk;cef;odkY xdkaus;&GmOu|ESifh vlBuD;tcsKdU
a&mufvmonf/ jzpfyHku olwdkY orD;onf xdk&GmwGif wm0efus
aeonfh om;zGm;q&mr\ jzm;a,mif;rIaMumifh xdkom;zGm;q&mr
ESifh wyl;wGJwGJvkyfaeygonf/ xdkYaMumifh om;zGm;q&mrudk xdk&GmrS
tjcm;&GmodkY ajymif;a&TUay;zdkY olYqDrSm vmawmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/
ol kwfw&ufem;rvnf/ bmjyem&SdvdkYvnf;[k ar;awmhvnf;
a&a&&m&mrajym/ olwdkY &yf&GmtaeESifh xdkom;zGm;q&mrudk
rBudKuf[k ajymonf/ jzpfEdkifvQif ajymif;ay;yg[k qdkonf/
jzpfonhf jyemudk ajymygqdkawmhvnf; twdtusrajym/ &yf&Gm
ESifh tqifrajybl;[kom ajymonf/ olvnf; jyemudk
tao;pdwf rod&ao;ojzifh ol pHkprf;yg&apOD;[k qdkum jyefvTwf
vdkufonf/
aoaocsmcsm ar;jref;pHkprf;Munhfawmh if;wdkY\ orD;qdkolrSm
a,ufsm;vsmuav; wpfOD;jzpfNyD; om;zGm;q&mrudk vdktyfwm
rSeforQ vkyfudkifay;aeaMumif;? om;zGm;q&mrESifh wyl;wGJwGJ
vkyfaeaMumif;? ,if;udk rdbrsm;u rauseyfojzifh ,ckuJhodkY

wkdifjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ a,mufsm;vsm aumifrav;u
tdrfodkYyif rjyefawmh om;zGm;q&mrESifh twlwl aeaeonf[k
qdkonf/ yxr if;wdkYudk,fwdkif om;zGm;q&mrudk zdtm;ay;ao;
onf/ r&awmh aus;&GmOu|ESifh aygif;NyD; ,ckvdkwdkifjcif;
jzpfonf/
om;zGm;q&mrrsm;\ tajymif;ta&TUudk olYtaejzihf wkdufdkuf
pDrHcefYcGJcGifhr&Sd/ odkYaomf cdkifvHkaom taMumif;jycsuf&Sdygu wdkif;
usef;rma&;OD;pD;rSL;xHrS oabmwlnDcsuf,lNyD; tajymif;ta&TUrsm;
pmrsufESm - 142
jyKvkyfEdkifavonf/ olYtaejzifh tvum;ae&if; om;zGm;q&mr
wpfa,mufudk tajymif;ta&TUrvkyfcsif/
onfjyemudk um,uH&Sifrsm;ESifh &Sif;raeawmhyJ aus;&Gm
Ou|udkom ac:NyD;&Sif;vdkufonf/ ,ckudpu rdef;uav;ESifh
a,musfm;av; jyemr[kwf/ rdef;uav;tcsif;csif; jzpfojzifh
BuD;BuD;rm;rm; jyemr&SdEdkif/ if;wdkYzmom twlaeMuonfudk
olYtaeESifh uefYuGufydkifcGifh r&Sd/ 'gudk taMumif;jyNyD; ajymif;a&TU
jcif;udkvnf; vkyfray;Edkif/ wpfckyJ&Sdonf/ &GmtaeESifh xdkom;zGm;
q&mrudk b,fvdkrS vufrcHEdkif? &GmESifh tqifrajyqdkvQif
w&m;0if pma&;wifyg/ onfvdkqdkvQif olYtaeESifh wdkif;OD;pD;rSL;
xHrS cGifhjyKcsuf,lNyD; xdkom;zGm;q&mrudk NrdKUe,fwGif;rS tjcm;
wpfae&modkY a&TUay;rnf/ okdYaomf aemufxyf om;zGm;q&mr
wpfOD; tpm;xdk; jyef&Edkif r&Edkif/ rnfrQMumrnfwdkYudk olYtaeESifh
tmr rcHEdkif/ ponfwdkYudk &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
onfvdkusjyefawmhvnf; &GmrSm om;zGm;q&mr r&SdbJ vpfvyf
aernfudk rjzpfcsifMu/ usef;rma&; pDrHudef;rsm; txl;ojzihf

umuG,faq;wdkuf pDrHudef;rsm; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY vkyfaecsdefwGif
om;zGm;q&mr r&Sdygu &GmtaeESifh tawmf 'kua&mufEdkifonf/
uRefawmfwdkY ajyvnfatmif ndEIdif;MunfhygODd;r,f[k qdkNyD;
jyefoGm;onf/ aemufawmhvnf; bmbmnmnm jyemjzpfonf
xyfrMum;&awmh/
tjcm;olrsm;\ vlrIa&;jyemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;ae&if;uyif
oludk,fwdkiftwGuf jyemuvnf; tdrfay:a&mufvmao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 143
rdef;uav;onf olYxHpma&;ydkYNyD; aemufydkif; ESpfBudrfcefY
aq;cef;vmao;onf/ olu yHkrSefom qufqHojzifh aemufydkif;
aq;cef;a&mufrvmwm tawmfMumoGm;cJhNyD/ wpf&ufrSmawmh
rdef;uav;\ rdcifBuD; tdrfodkY a&mufvmavonf/ q&mYudk
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ar;csifvdkYyg[k qdkvmonf/ olu ar;Edkifygw,f
qdkawmh ]orD; tckwpfavm aq;cef; cPcPjy&w,f? cPcP
aeraumif;jzpfw,f? pdk;&drfp&m&Sdovm;}[k ar;vmonf/ olvnf;
pum;vHk;rsm; a&G;cs,fpOf;pm;&if; jyefajz&onf/ BuD;BuD;rm;rm;
vufqkyfvufudkif jyp&m a&m*g r&SdaMumif;? vlcEmudk,fu
aeaumif;aMumif; odkYaomf pdwfrusef;rmonfh tcgwGifvnf;
onfvdka&m*grsm; jzpfwwfaMumif;? pdwftajymif;tvJ jzpfatmif
vkyfay;zdkYvdkaMumif; ajymonf/ onfrSm tarBuD;u yGifhyGifh
vif;vif; xkwfajymawmhonf/
rdef;uav;onf tpmrpm;yJ widkidkw&,f&,f vkyfaeHkrQru
ausmif;jyefzGifhonfudkyif roGm;ygbl; vkyfaeaMumif;? twif;
ar;awmhrS onfudpudk zGifhajymaMumif;? 'DorD;wpfa,muf
twGuf pdwfylae&aMumif;? a&SUrsufESm aemufxm;NyD; ar;&vQif

olY oabmxm;udkvnf; odvdkaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymawmh olYrSm
kwfw&uf bmjyefajym&rSef;yif rod/ olESifhyJ NidpGef;xm; ovdkvdk/
rwwfEdkif/ olYbufuvnf; yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJ ajym&awmh
onf/ olYtaejzifh tpuwnf;u vlemwpfOD; tjzpfom oabm
xm;aMumif;? onfhxuf b,fwkef;urS rydkcJhaMumif;? onft&G,f
rSm bm&,fr[kwf pdwfupm;wmom jzpfaMumif;? aemufus
arharhaysmufaysmufjzpfoGm;rSm jzpfaMumif;? ol onfNrdKYrSm b,fvdk
aexdkifonfudk tm;vHk; todjzpfaMumif;? olESifh rdef;uav;bmrS
pmrsufESm - 144
ywfoufrI r&SdaMumif;? olYtaeESifh tBuHay;csifwmuawmh NrdKUodkY
jyefydkYNyD; ausmif;wuffapvdkaMumif;? olYtaeESifhuawmh b,fvdkrS
oabmrxm;ygaMumif;? ponfjzifh em;cHomatmif ajym&onf/
aemufqHk;awmh rdef;uav;\ rdcifvnf; wnnf;nnf; wnLnL
jzifh jyefoGm;avonf/
odyfrMumrDrSm rdef;uav;xHrS pmwpfapmif a&mufvmonf/
wdkif;NrdKUpmwdkufwHqdyfESifh jzpfojzifh rdef;uav; ausmif;jyefwuf
aeNyD[k ,lq&onf/
q&m . . .
orD; aemufqHk;taeeJY pma&;vdkufygw,f/

q&mtay:rSm orD; rSm;cJhwm&Sd&if cGifhvTwfay;ygq&m? q&mYudk
taESmuft,Suf ay;cJhrdwm awmif;yefygw,f/
'gayrJh orD; arQmfvifhcGifh&Sdao;oa&GU arQmfvifhaeOD;rSmygq&m . . .
q&mwm0efxrf;cJhwJh NrdKUuav;wpfNrdKUrSm q&mhukd tNrJowdw&

&Sdaer,fh aumifrav;wpfa,muf &SdcJhzl;w,f qdkwm q&m
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aMomf... pdwful;,Ofvdkufonfh rdef;uav;yguvm;/

rdef;uav;onf olYudk emusnf;aumif; emusnf;aevdrfhrnf/
okdYaomf tcsdefwefvQif olYudk arhoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ i,fi,f&G,f&G,f
pdwfupm;wkef;u udpwpfckudk aemiftcg jyefowd&rdvQif
emusif raeygapESifh [k olqkawmif;ay;vdkufygonf/
pmrsufESm - 145
oludk,fwdkifua&m twdwfu taMumif;rsm;udk owd&
aeqJvm;/ emusif aeqJyJvm;/ rarhaysmufEdkifao;onf uawmh
aocsmavonf/

pmrsufESm - 146
t&dyf
arhr&wJhtwdwf
pdwfudkacsmufvSefY
vdyfjymvefYcsdef . . .
pmrsufESm - 147
12
a'gufwmvGifOD;aMumifh olYpdwfawG vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfcJh&NyD;

pkESif;udk zGifhajymjzpfcJhonf/ onfvdkqdkawmh a'gufwmvGifOD;udkyJ
aus;Zl;wif& rvdkvdk/ 'gayrJhvnf; pkESif;ESifh ol\ qufqHa&;u
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ajymif;vJrIr&SdcJh/ ol pmrsufESmawmfawmfrsm;rsm;

a&;jzpfcJhonfh 'dkif,m&Dudk ]eifzwfzdkY} [kay;awmhvnf; bmrS
rajymbJ ,loGm;cJhonf/ onfhaemufawmh twloGm; twlvm
t&iftwdkif; wGJoGm;wGJvm &SdNrJ/ onfawmhvnf; xifrdonf/
tcsdefwefvQif tajz&rSmyJ[k xifrdavonf/
a'gufwmvGifOD;uawmh &Hzef&Hcg ay:vm wwfao;onf/
olESifh qHkonfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ rqHkonfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ ol
r&Sdonfhtcsdef vmcJhvQif vmoGm;aMumif;udk pkESif;u olYtm; tNrJ
jyefajymjyavh&Sdonf/ onfvdkajymw,f qdkawmhvnf; olu pkESif;
ESihf ydk&if;ESD;onf[k cHpm;rdNyD; MunfEl;rdonf/
pmrsufESm - 148
onfvdkESifh Zmwfvrf;u aoG;at;oGm;&jyefonf/ ausmfpGm
wdkYESifh qHkjzpfvQif ar;Muonf/ tajctaeb,fvdkvJ wdk;wuf
NyDvm;qkdwkdif; ol acgif;cgjy&wm rsm;vmawmh onfaumifawGu
ajymMuonf/ rif;[mu r[kwfao;ygbl;/ tajzaum awmif;&JU
vm; qdkawmh yxrOD;qHk;wpfcg awmif;NyD;aemuf rawmif;jzpfao;
[kom jyefajzEdkifonf/ ausmfpGmwdkYu olYudk vufcsmdkufMuonf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk &nf;pm;pum; ajymNyD;aemuf csufcsif;
tajzawmif;vQifvnf; rdef;uav;u enf;enf;awmh rl&OD;rnf[k
qdkonf/ aemufydkif;rSmawmh cPcP tajzawmif;ay;&rnfwJh/
'grS olay;csifwJhtcsdefrSm tajzay;EkdifrSmaygh [kajymonf/ rif;u
rawmif;bJaeawmh olu b,fvdkvkyf ay;rvJ/ wu,fvdkY
ay;csifaewJholqdk Mum&if pdwfysufwJh tqifhawmif jzpfoGm;
Edkifw,faemf qdkawmh ol txdwfwvefY jzpf&onf/ aemufaeYrSmyJ
csufcsif;awmif;awmhrnf[k qHk;jzwfrdjyefonf/
aemufaeYa&mufvdkY pkESif;ESifh awGUjyefawmhvnf; bmaMumifhrSef;
rod rajymrdjyefacs/ ol odygw,fav[kom awG;rdonf/ olY
taeESifhuawmh pkESif;ESifh ywfouforQ olY tjyKtrlrsm;onf

pkESif;udk cspfjrwfEdk;aMumif; jyoaeonfh tjyKtrlrsm;om
jzpfavonf/
onfvdk t&Sdef,laewkef;rSm pkESif;wdkY rdom;pktwGuf BuD;rm;
aom tajymif;tvJBuD;wpfck jzpfcJhavonf/ pkESif;\ zcifBuD;
qHk;yg;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tdrfrSmae&if; kwfw&uf vJus
owdvpfoGm;onf/ ESvHk;aoG;aMum kwfw&uf ydwfoGm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ aq;HkwifNyD; odyfrMumrDyif qHk;yg;oGm;cJhonf/
onfrSm pkESif;\ pdwf"mwfrmausmyHkudk awGU&onf/ yxrqHk;
pmrsufESm - 149
wpf&ufom idkvdkufNyD; aemufaeYrsm;wGif vHk;0ridkawmhonfrSm
tokbcsonf txd/ olwdkY oli,fcsif;rsm; tm;vHk; vdktyfonf
rsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;vkyfay;Muonf/ odyfawmhvnf; vkyfp&mr&SdvS/
pkESif;zcif\ XmerS vdktyforQ tukefeD;yg; pDpOfay;avonf/
olYbufuawmh pkESif;udk aq;Hkrvmcdkif;bJ pkESif;*sLwDrsm;
tm;vHk;udk ol ,lay;vdkufonf/ wpfcgwpf&H ESpf&ufqufwdkuf
awG bmawGjzpfoGm;onf/ usef&ufrsm;rSmvnf; pkESif;wdkYtdrfwGif
tcsdefukefwm rsm;onf/ &ufvnfNyD;aemufawmh pkESif; aq;Hk
*sLwDawG jyef,lonf/ ,cifu zcif\ Hk;um;jzifh tydkYtBudK
vkyfay;aejcif;jzpf&m ,ck Hk;rS jyefodrf;oGm;NyDjzpfojzifh pkESif;
oGm;a&;vma&; tcufawGUvmonf/ oludk,fwdkifuvnf;
bwfpfum; pD;ae&olqdkawmh bmrS rulnDEdkif/ NyD;awmh vrf;u
wpfvrf;pD/
zcif qHk;yg;NyD;ump jzpfojzifh ol\ tajzawmif;jcif;udpudk
em;ylem;qm rvkyfbJ aemufqkwfxm; vdkuf&onf/ onfvdkESifh
Posting wpfck ukefcJhjyefavonf/
jyemu aemuf Posting twGuf xHk;pHtwdkif; aq;Hk

rJEdIufMu&mrSm ponf/ olESifh pkESif; aq;Hk rwlawmh/ vJvdkYvnf;
r&/ ol rJaygufxm;onfhaq;Hku rnfolrQ roGm;csifonfhae&m/
pkESif;taeESifh vdkufajymif;zdkYuvnf; rjzpfEdkif/ oGm;a&;vma&;
cufonfuwaMumif; wu,fhwu,f olESifhu oli,fcsif;rsm;om
jzpfaeao;onfu wzufwdkYaMumifh pkESif;uvnf; &xm;onfh
aq;HkrSmom qif;csifonf/ aemufqHk; olvnf; vufavQmh
vdkuf&onf/ oGm;awGUvdkY &wmyJ[k pdwfajz&onf/
pmrsufESm - 150
wu,fvnf; ol cPcPoGm;awGUonf/ wywfrSm tenf;qHk;
wpf&uf ESpf&uf/ onhfxufvnf; ydkroGm;EdkifcJh/ udk,fh aq;Hk
tvkyfESifh *sLwDawGu&Sdao;onf/ onfMum;xJrSm tajzawmif;zdkY
tcsdeftcgaumif;udkvnf; apmifh&ao;onf/
wpf&uf aeYvnfydkif;rSm pkESif;qDoGm;NyD; tjyifu tat;qdkifodkY
ac:vmcJhonf/ tajzawmif;rnf tBuHESifhjzpfonf/ wu,f
awmif;awmh pkESif;u aeygOD;/ ol pOf;pm;aewkef;yg[k qdkonf/
tazqHk;onfh udp? aq;Hk*sLwD udpawGESifh yifyef;aeygonf[k
qdkawmhvnf; rwwfEdkif/ pOf;pm;aewkef; qdkonfuyif tajctae
aumif;onf[k ,lqrdavonf/ pkESif;ESifh onfvdkwGJcGifh
&aeoluvnf; olwpfa,mufwnf;jzpfojzifh arQmfvifhrdavonf/
onfvdkESifh a[mufpfqm*sifb0 aemufqHk;umvrsm;odkY
eD;uyfvmcJhayNyD/
rSwfrSwf&& . . .
a[mufpfqm*sif rNyD;qHk;rD 1 ywftvkd aeYwpfaeY\ naeydkif;

jzpfonf/ onfaeY pkESif; *sLwDusonf/ onfawmh av;em&D
xdk;onfESifh aq;Hktvkyfrsm; vufpowfNyD; pkESif;qDvmcJhonf/
aq;kHa&mufawmh pkESif; tvkyfIyfaeojzifh a[mufpfqm*sif
tcef;xJrS apmifhaevdkufonf/ em&D0ufavmufaerS pkESif; tcef;
xJ jyef0ifvmEdkifonf/ aq;HktaMumif; tvkyftaMumif; vlem
rsm;taMumif; ajymMuNyD; olu pum;pum tajzawmif;onf/
tcsdeftwdkif;twm wpfckvnf; MumcJhNyD;jzpfojzifh jywfjywf
om;om; tajzwpfck ay;ygqdkawmh pkESif; cPNidrfoGm;onf/
NyD;awmh olYudk Munhfonf/
pmrsufESm - 151
]ig tck rajymcsifao;bl;[m? eifjyefNyD; n 10 em&D cGJavmuf
0gh'fxJudk zkef;qufvdkuf[m? tJ'Dtcsdef ig tvkyfawG NyD;ae
avmufygNyD? ig zkef;ab;rSm apmifhaer,f}
]eifuvnf; tckyJ 5 em&DcGJ aeNyD[m? aemuf 5 em&Dudk
uyfap;enf;ae&ao;w,f? ig BudKNyD; &ifckefxm;csifvdkYr&bl;vm;}
]ig rsufESmcsif;qdkif rajymcsifbl;[m}
]eifuvnf; 'Davmuf aygif;vmwJh oli,fcsif;csif; &Suf
aewmvm;}
pkESif; rsufESmudk tuJcwfEdkifatmif BudK;pm;onf/ r&/ pkESif;
onf onfvdkae&mawGrSm olYxuf trsm;BuD; tawGUtBuHK
&Sdavonf/
]uJyg? nus&ifom zkef;qufyg? ig apmifhaer,f}
ol pkESif;vufrS em&Dudk vSrf;Munhfonf/ olYem&DESifh wdkufawmh
olYem&Du 3 rdepfavmufom jrefonf/ tawmfavmufyJ jzpfrnf/

ol &ifckefvIyf&Sm;pGmjyefvmonf/ onfMum;xJu tcsdefav;rSm
bmvkyf&rnfvJ/ tdrfrjyefao;yJ vrf;rSae ausmfpGmudk
zkef;qufonf/ tcefYoifhawGUojzifh ta&;BuD;onf tjrefvmcJh
qdkNyD; qHkaeMu vufzuf&nfqdkifudk csdef;vdkufonf/ qdkifrSm
wpfem&DeD;yg; apmifhvdkuf&NyD;rS ausmfpGma&mufvmonf/ olu
tjzpftysufudk ajymjyawmh ausmfpGmu rif;udk pkESif;u vufcHrSm
yg[k qdkonf/ em&Dudk wpfMunhfMunhfvkyf&if; 10 em&DcGJudk
&ifarmpGm apmifh&onf/ teD;tem;rS at;at;aq;aq; pum;
ajymvdkY&rnfh zkef;qdkifudkvnf; BudKpOf;pm; xm;&ao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 152
tdrfrSmu zkef;udk {nfhcef;xJrSmxm;onfqdkawmh at;at;aq;aq;
ajymvdkYraumif;/
10 em&D q,fhig;rdepfrSm ol rwfwyfx&yfawmh ausmfpGmu
vdkygao;w,fuG zkef;qdkifu ab;rSmwif&Sdwm ta0;BuD;
oGm;&rSmrS r[kwfwmqdkojzifh cPjyefxdkif&onf/ cPaeawmh
raeEdkifawmh/ pm;yGJxdk;udk vSrf;ac:um ydkufqH&Sif;NyD; xGufcJhonf/
zkef;qdkifa&mufawmh ta&SUrSm vlwpfa,muf ajymaeojzifh
cPapmifhae&ao;onf/ pdwfxJrS aemuf ESpfrdepf oHk;rdepftxd
qufajymaeao;vQif wjcm;qdkifwpfck oGm;rnf[k pOf;pm;
xm;onf/ onfem;rSm tdrfzkef;qdkifuav;awG aygygonf/
ta&SUrSvl zkef;ajymNyD;oGm;onf/ ol ae&m0if,lNyD; zkef;udk aumuf
ukdifonf/ em&DudkMunhfawmh 10em&DcGJzdkY 3 rdepf/ cP jyefcsonf/
ausmfpGmu zkef;qdkifu vludk uyfNyD; cyfwdk;wdk; wpfck
ajymvdkufawmh qdkif&Sifvnf; NyHK;NyD; acgif;ndwfvsuf txJ0if
oGm;onf/
zkef;eHygwfudkESdyfonf/ vdkif;u csufcsif;r0if/ oHk;cgavmuf

ESdyfrS 0ifoGm;onf/
yxr atmfya&wm trsKd;orD;toH/ olu __0g'hfu
a'gufwmpkESif;eJY ajymcsifvdkYyg[k ajymvdkufawmh cPapmifhyg[k
qdkNyD; vdkif;vTJay;onfh toHay:vmonf/ cPaeawmh wzufrS
zkef;udkifonf/ pkESif;\ [,fvdk [laom xl;oHxGufvmonf/
wu,f zkef;ab;rSm tqifoifh apmihfaeonfyJ/
]pkESif; . . ig yg? Mum;&vm;}
pmrsufESm - 153
olY toHwdkY wkef&Daeonfvm; rod/
]at;yg Mum;ygw,f}
]uJ . . tajzay;r,fqdkwm ay;av}
pkESif;bufrS cPwdwfaeNyD;rS . .
]ig eifhudktajzay;zdkY trsm;BuD; pOf;pm;cJhw,fqdkwm eif ,Hkyg/
ig tckaemufydkif; pdwfawGnpfaew,f/ igwdkY rdom;pk tajctae
uvnf; t&ifuvdk r[kwfawmhbl;av}
]'gawG ig em;vnfygw,f? igwdkYawGvnf; i,fi,f&G,f&G,f
q,fausmfoufawGrS r[kwfMuawmhwmyJ? eif eJY ig odvmMuwm
vnf; MumNyDyJ}
]eifhudk ig cifygw,f[m . . .}
ol toufrIrd/
pkESif;u qufrajymyJ &yfoGm;jyefonf/

]'gawmh odwmaygh? ig ajymwmu ighudk jyefcspfEdkif rcspfEdkif
tajzay;zdkYav}
]ig awmif;yefygw,f? igwdkY rjzpfEdkifygbl;? ig . . eifhudk ig . .
cspfMunhfvdkY r&bl;[m}
]..........}
Mum;vdkuf&onfh pum;wdkYudk r,Hk/ r[kwfbl;/ 'g pkESif;
aemufajymaewm/ wu,fajymaewm r[kwfbl;/
pmrsufESm - 154
]pkESif; eif.. wu,fajymaewmvm;? rjzpfEdkifbl;}
]ig pdwfraumif;ygbl;[m}
wu,fajymaewmvm; qdkonfhpum;udk ol xyfcgxyfcg
ar;aerdavonf/ acgif;xJrSm xlylaeonf/ bmudkrQ aocsm
pOf;pm;r&/ 'g tdrfruf rufaewm r[kwfwmawmh aocsm
aeonf/
]pkESif; . . eif &ufpufvScsnfvm;? eif ighudk bmvdkY arQmfvifh
csufawG ay;xm;cJhwmvnf;? eif igYudk bmoabmruswm
&SdvdkYvnf;? ajymprf;yg? eifhrSm wjcm; BudKuf&r,fhol &SdaeNyDvm;?
ig aemufusoGm;wmvm;}
]ig eifhudk arQmfvifhcsufawG ay;cJhrdw,fqdk&if awmif;yef
ygw,f[m? ig eifeJY oli,fcsif; wpfa,mufvdkyJ qufNyD;
&if;&if;ESD;ESD; aecsifw,f}
]eifubmvnf; ighudk a'gufwmvGifOD;eJY ,SOfNyD; pOf;pm; vdkuf
wmvm;? olYudk eifa&G;vdkufNyDvm;}

]r[kwfygbl;? eifxifwmawG avQmufajymraeygeJY}
]igu olYavmuf rcsrf;omvdkYvm;? olYavmuf ynmrwwf
vdkYvm;}
]'gawGeJY rqdkifygbl;}
]r[kwfbl;? ig r,Hkbl;? eif wu,fajymaewm qdk&if
aemufwpfacguf xyfajymprf;yg? eifh tajzudk xyfajymprf;yg}
pmrsufESm - 155
twefMum NidrfoufoGm;onf/ NyD;rS pkESif; wpfvHk;csif;
ajymonf/
]ighudk cGifhvTwfyg[m? ig eifhudk cspfMunhfvdkY r&bl; . . . . }
olYrSm ajymp&mpum;wdkY r&Sdawmh/ pkESif;u igwdkY awGUMuOD;rSm
yg[k ajymvdkufonf xifonf/ NyD;awmh zkef;cs oGm;onf/ ol
zkef;udk udkifxm;rdqJ/ b,favmufMumoGm;onfvJ olrod/
ausmfpGm olYycHk;udk vmudkifonf/ olYvufxJrS zkef;cGufudk
,lNyD; csvdkufonf/ qdkif&Sifudk ac:NyD; ydkufqH&Sif;ay;onf/
NyD;awmh olzufvSnfhNyD; a[haumif[k ac:rS ol
rwfwyfx&yfrdonf/ ausmfpGmu ycHk;zufNyD; ac:vmonfudk ol
pdwfrSwfrJh vdkufvm rdonf/
]a[haumif.. rif; bmvkyfcsifvJ? t&ufqdkifoGm;rvm;}
ol acgif;,rf;jyvdkufonf/
]b,foGm;csifvJ}
ol acgif;,rf;jyrdjyefonf/
wu,fu olYa&SUrS jrifuGif;rsm; olYtem;rS t&mrsm;onf
pdwfxJudk ra&muf/ tmHkxJudk r0if/ pdwfxJrSm Avm/ &ifxJrSm
Avm/
vufzuf&nfqdkifrS oDcsif;wpfyk'f ysHUvGifhvmonf udkawmh
odvdkufrdonf/
pmrsufESm - 156
]idkr,f toJuGJn . . . rsuf&nfawGeJY . . .

toJuGJn . . ig 0rf;enf;rdcJh . . .
toJuGJn . . 'Pf&mawG &&Sd cJh NyDvm; . .
t&ufpufqHk;n&,f . . .}

pmrsufESm - 157
13
NrdKUuav;u at;csrf;aomfvnf; tNrJwrf; Nidrf;csrf;aeonf

awmh r[kwfacs/
q&m0efwpfa,muftaejzifh a&m*grsm; uk&Hkru trItcif;
rsm;ESifhvnf; rMumcP ywfouf&ao;onf/ dk;dk;&efjzpfonfrS

tp "m;xdk;rI vlowfrIrsm;? bmrSef;rodyJ aoonfh vlao
tavmif;rsm;udk &Jrsm;u aq;HkokdY ,lvmavh&Sdonf/ udk,fhqD
t&if a&mufvmvQifvnf; &Judk taMumif;Mum;ay;&onf/ wpfcg
wpf&H tavmif;u NrKyfNyD;aeNyD/ NyD;rS jyemwufonf/
vlowfrIvdkvdk wdkifwmawmwmawG jzpfonf/ tavmif;udk
jyefazmfNyD; aq;Hk,lvmvdkY r&awmh/ tavmif;u olYqD rvmEdkif
awmh olu tavmif;qD oGm;&onf/ NrKyfNyD;om; tavmif;udk
jyefazmfNyD; ppfaq;&onf/ wu,fawmh olu &Sm;avmh[krf;
rajymESifh a'gufwm0'fqefavmufyif rod/ "mwfcGJppfaq;rI
rsm;vnf; vkyfEdkifonfr[kwf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ykyfyGaeMuNyD/
pmrsufESm - 158
omreftrIrsm;u jyem r&Sdaomfvnf; vlowfrI?
rk'def;rIrsm;u jyemBuD;onf/ udk,fhppfaq;rI trSm;t,Gif;
&SdvQif raumif;/ owdBuD;pGm xm;&onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh
olYqD a&mufvmonfrsm;rSm dkufrI? "m;xdk;rI? toufjynhfrjynfh
ppfaq;rI ponfwdkYom jzpfonf/
wpf&uf Hk;ay:rSm tvkyfvkyfaepOf aq;HkbufrS q&mr
vmac:onf/ uav;rav;wpfa,muf aoG;0rf;oGm; ojzifh
a&mufvmonfwJh/ aoG;aygifcsdef aumif;ovm;qdkawmh aumif;yg
onfwJh/ vrf;awmif avQmufvmEdkifonf[k ajymonf/ 'Dawmh
ta&;ay: tajctaer[kwfojzifh Drip om oGif;xm;yg[k
ajymvdkufonf/ vkyfvufpudprsm; vufpowfNyD;rS aq;Hkbuf
ul;onf/ uav;rav;u 10 ESpfcefYom &SdOD;rnf/ a&m*gar;awmh
aumif;aumif; rajymwwf/ vmydkYonfh uav;rav; taz
qdkoluvnf; tlaMumifaMumif/ aoG;rsm;uawmh xrDrSm
&GJaeonf/ q&mrBuD;udk uJMunhfprf;ygOD;? awmfMum yxrqHk;
tBudrf &moDaoG;vmwm jzpfaeygOD;r,fqdkawmh q&mrBuD;u
tcef;xJoGif;NyD; Munhfonf/ cPaeawmh jyefxGufvmNyD; ]q&m

vmMunhf&if aumif;r,f/ aoG;0rf;oGm;wm r[kwfbl;/ rdef;rudk,f
rSmvnf; 'Pf&m&Sdaew,f}[kajymonf/
olvdkuf0ifoGm;NyD; Munhfvdkufawmh [kwfonf/ uav;
rav;\ rdef;rudk,fwGif uGJaeNyD; xdk'Pf&mrS aoG;rsm;
xGufaejcif; jzpfonf/ onfawmhrS uav;udk aocsm
ar;&awmhonf/ uav;rav;u idkonf/ trsKd;pHk acsmharmh
ar;awmhrS tajzxGufvmonf/ uav;rav;rSm tarESifh
yaxG;om&Sdonf/ tckvdkufydkYolrSm yaxG;/ yaxG;rSm
omrefvufvkyfvufpm; jzpfonf/ uav;rav; udkawmh
pmrsufESm - 159
ausmif;xm;onf/ onfaeYreuf ausmif;roGm;rD rdcifu
tjyifxGufoGm;onf/ onfrSm yaxG;u uav;rav;udk t"r
usifhjcif;jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh uav;udk jyefrajymESifh jyefajymvQif
owfrnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufxm;onfwJh/
tHhMozdkY aumif;onfu yaxG;u udk,fwdkif aq;HkvdkufydkYjcif;
jzpfonf/ olvnf; rwwfomawmh/ tvkyform;rsm;udk tJhonf
yaxG;qdkol b,frS roGm;ap&ef Munhfcdkif;xm;vdkufNyD; &Jpcef;udk
zkef;quf&awmhonf/ cPMumawmh pcef;rSL;udk,fwdkifvkdufvmNyD;
yaxG;udk tenf;i,far;jref;onf/ uav;rav;udk ppfcsuf
,lonf/ NyD;awmh yaxG;udk vufxdwfcwf ac:oGm;awmhonf/
uav;rav;\ 'Pf&mrSm tawmfeufNyD; rsm;ojzifh arhaq;
ay;NyD; jyefcsKyf&onf/ cPaeawmh ausmif;rS uav;rav;\
q&mrESifh tarwdkY a&mufvmMuonf/ q&mru olESifh vm
aqG;aEG;onf/ uav;rav;wdkYrSm tvGefqif;&JaMumif;? yaxG;u
&SmauR;aewm jzpfaMumif;? odkYaomf yaxG;rSm t&ufaomufNyD;
rdef;rudka&m uav;udkyg &ef&SmwwfaMumif;wdkY ajymjyonf/

,cktrIuawmh yaxG;vkyfol axmifusrSm aocsmonf/
onfawmh jyemwpfcku tckvufiif; rdom;pk pm;0wfaea&;
ajz&Sif;ay;rnfholr&Sd/ odkYaomf 'guwpfoufvHk;r[kwf/ yaxG;u
tcsdefwef jyefvGwfvmNyD; 'Drdom;pkxH jyefa&mufvmrSmyJjzpfonf/
tJhonftcg uav;rav;ESifh qufqHa&; b,fokdY&Sdrnfenf;/
uav;rav; twGuf pdwf"mwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufqHk;HI;rI
tb,frS jzpfcJhNyD;NyDenf;/
onfvdkrsKd;udpu NrdKUuav;rSm &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;jzpfonf/ olu
onfudpudk trsKd;orD;a&;&m tpnf;ta0;rSm wifonf/ tm;vHk;
pmrsufESm - 160
wdkifyifMuNyD; uav;rav;udk trsKd;orD; oifwef;ausmif;
wpfckckodkY ydkY&ef pOf;pm;Muonf/ trsKd;orD;a&;&mrS olwdkY
ydkYay;yghrnf wm0ef,lygonf[k ajymonf/
trIudkawmh w&m;olBuD;uvnf; pdwftm;xufoefaeojzifh 2
ygwf twGif; tNyD;ppfNyD; pD&ifcsufcsonf/ olu ppfaq;ol
q&m0eftaejzifh oufaoxGuf&ao;onf/ w&m;cHjzpfol yaxG;
axmifusonf/ uav;ruav;vnf; rdcifESifh uGJNyD; trsKd;orD;
oifwef;ausmif;odkY a&mufoGm;onf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf rdom;pkuawmh
wuGJwjym; jzpf&avNyD/ olYudk,fol ig vkyfwm rSefygw,f[k
tm;wif;&onf/ olYppfcsufaMumifh vlwpfa,muf axmifus
rdom;pkuGJ/ 'gayrJh trSefwu,f tjypfusL;vGefol r[kwfvm;/
aemufwpfrIuawmh vlaorIrS olYaq;pmaMumifh vlowfrI
jzpfoGm;&jcif; jzpfonf/
wpfaeYrSm wdkufe,f &Jpcef;wpfckrS tavmif;wpfavmif; vmydkY
onf/ &Jrsm;u a&epfaoonf[k ,lqonf/ acsmif;ab;em;wGif
aoqHk;aeonfudk awGU&jcif;jzpfonf/ aoolrSm t&uf

tvGeftuRH aomufavh&Sdol wpfOD;jzpfonf/ onfvdkrsKd; &J
aq;pmESifh ppfaq;&onfh trIqdkvQif &ifcGJppfaq;aepOfrSm
oufaotjzpf &JwpfOD;udk ac:xm;avh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf rsm;aom
tm;jzifh tavmif;pcGJNyD qdkonfESifh &Jrsm; [dk[dkonfonfvkyfNyD;
xGufajy;avh&Sdonf/ qdk;0g;aom teHYtouftjyif
vlaowpfOD;udk &ifzGifh AdkufcGJvkyfonfudk &yfMunfhzdkY omrefvl
wpfa,muf tzdkY cufcJavonf/
,ckvnf; &ifcGJppfaq;rIvkyf&ef oufao &Jwpfa,muf
vmaomfvnf; &ifcGJHktjyifrSmom apmifhaeonf/ tvkyform;udk
pmrsufESm - 161
tavmif;\ t0wftpm;rsm; tukefcRwfcdkif; vdkdufonf/
tavmif;u twefi,f azmif;yGaeNyD/ aoqHk;NyD; onfrSm 3 - 4
&ufcefY&SdNyD/ aocsmMunhfrS jyem pawGY&awmh onf/ &Jrsm;u
a&epfaoqHk;rI[k ,lqxm;aom tavmif;\ vnfyif;wGif
xif&Sm;eufdIif;aom BudK;&mBuD;u txif;om; ay:vmonf/
vnfyif; wpfywftjynfh/ tom;xJxd tawmf
epf0ifxm;yHk&onf/ rsufESmay:wGifvnf; rGef;Muyfxm;onfh
vuPm tjzpf rsufvHk;rsm; twefjyL;xGufaeonf/ 'guawmh
tavmif;u ykyfyGpjyKaeNyDjzpf rxif&Sm;vS/ rIcif;qdkif&m
aq;ynmudk ol txl;wvnf ruRrf;usifyg/ odkYaomf
MunhfvkdufonfESifh 'g vlowfrIjzpfaMumif; odomxif&Sm;
avonf/ &Judk ac:jyonf/ &Jvnf; rsufESmysufaeNyD; olYq&mudk
jyefajymjyygrnf[kom ajymonf/
usefonfh ppfaq;rIrsm; qufvkyfonf/ tqkyfxJwGif
a&0ifaejcif; &Sdr&Sd Munhfawmh a&0ifrae/ a&epfaoqHk;jcif;
r[kwf/ usefonfhtydkif;rsm;wGif roFumzG,f&m rawGU&/
onfvdkESifh ol\aq;pmxJwGif aoqHk;&onfh taMumif;&if;udk

olwpfyg;\ ya,m*jzifh vnfyif;wGif BudK;jzifh wif;usyfpGm
&pfywfjcif; cH&NyD; vnfyif;tpf aoqHk;jcif;jzpfonf [k a&;ay;
vdkufonf/ &Jrsm; owdrjyKrdonfh xif&Sm;onfh oufaocH
trSwftom;udk azmfxkwfvdkufEdkifojzifh udk,fhudk,fudk auseyf
rdao;onf/
naeusawmh tdrfodkY xdkwdkufe,f&Jpcef;rS pcef;rSL;
a&mufvmonf/ xdkpcef;rSL;rSm ajym&rnfqdkvQif olYOD;av;
t&G,f/ 50 ausmf aeNyDjzpfonf/ olYudk &Sdcdk;awmif;yefonf/
aq;pmjyifa&;ay;&ef ajymonf/ vlaorIom vkyfay;ygwJh/
pmrsufESm - 162
bmrSef;rodonfh txkwfwpfxkwfESifh aiGom;xnfhxm;onf[k
,lq&onfh pmtdwfwpftdwf pm;yGJay:wifonf/ pmtdwfrSm
twefi,fxlonf/ ol em;rvnf/ vlowfrI jzpfoGm;onfESifh
tb,faMumifh tckvdk olYudk vmbfxdk;ae&oenf;/ xdkpcef;rSL;u
,cktrIrSm omrefvlaorI[k qdkNyD; olu trIudk ydwfvdkufNyD;
jzpfaMumif;? NrdKUe,frSL;txd auhpf &Dydk'fhwufoGm;NyD jzpfaMumif;?
tckrS vdkufjyif&vQif if;taejzifh xkacsvTm tawmif;cH&rSm
jzpfaMumif;? xdkjyif ,cktrIESifh ywfoufNyD; vlowfoludk olwdkY
rnfonfh oJvGefprQ &rxm;aMumif;? aoolrSmvnf; aqGrsKd;
r&SdaMumif;? ,ckyif oN*dKvfrnfhol r&Sdojzifh pcef;u wm0ef,l
oN*dKvfay;&rSm jzpfaMumif;? w&m;cHr&SmEdkifvQif txl;ojzifh tck
tcsdefrSm rIcif;usqif;a&; pDrHcsuf0ifaeonfh tcsdefjzpfojzifh ol
'kua&mufrSm jzpfaMumif;rsm; ajymNyD; olYudk xdkif&Sdcdk;avonf/
NyD;awmh Murf;ay:u rxawmh/
ol tawmfpdwfnpfoGm;onf/ xdkif &Sdcdk;onfudk twif;
uefYuGufNyD; xdkifcHkay: twif;xdkifcdkif;&onf/ onfpcef;rSL;
ajymaeonfrsm; b,favmufrSefonfvnf; ol rodEdkif/ w&m;cH

&Smonfh udpu olESifhrqdkif/ w&m;cHudk pcef;rSL;taejzifh
&SmEdkifwm r&SmEdkifwm odwm rodwm olESifhrqdkif/ onfawmh
olYtaeESifh aq;pmudk jyifray;EdkifaMumif;/ trItcif;qdkonfrSm
w&m;cHray:wmvnf; &SdEdkifaMumif;? 'gaMumifh 'kua&muf&rnf
qdkwm olYtaeESifh em;rvnfEdkifaMumif;? vufaqmifrsm;udkvnf;
ol vufrcHEdkifaMumif;wdkY ajym&onf/ xdkpcef;rSL;vnf; trsKd;rsKd;
vSnfhywfajymNyD; ratmifjrifojzifh idk,dkrwwfjzpfum jyefoGm;
avonf/
pmrsufESm - 163
vlowfrIqdkawmh trIu NrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;tqifh r[kwfawmh/
wdkif;w&m;Hk;txd wufonf/ olYudk vmndEdIif;onfh pcef;rSL;
uawmh aemufxyfay:rvmawmh/ wdkif;w&m;Hk;rS olYudk
tavmif;udk &ifcGJppfaq;onfh uRrf;usifol q&m0ef tjzpf
oufaocH&ef ac:onf/ ,cif &efukefrSm uwnf;uvnf;
onfvdk trIrsm;wGif oufaoxGufqdk&onfrsm; &SdcJhzl;ygonf/
a&SUaersm; w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh pum;ajymqdkzl;onf/ ppfaq;
vQifvnf; tenf;i,fom ar;jref;onf/ aq;pmxJwGif ygonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;rSm udk,fwdkifa&;om;xm;jcif; [kwfr[kwf ESifh
[dk[dkonfonf tenf;i,frQar;NyD; NyD;oGm;onfyJjzpfonf/ tck
trIrSmawmh a&SUaewpfa,muf\ ynmudk &ifqdkif&avonf/
xHk;pHtwdkif; usrf;usdefNyD; onfvdk trIrsKd;rsm;wGif ,cifu
oufao xGufqdkcJhzl;ygonf/ tawGUtBuHK&Sdygonf ponfwdkYjzifh
ponf/ tpdk;&a&SUaeu omrefar;cGef;av;rsm;udk cPom
ar;onf/ w&m;cH a&SUaetvSnfhrSm olYudk ynmay;awmhonf/
bmaMumifh vlowfrI[k ,lqygovJu ponf/ olu
olYaq;pmxJ a&;xm;onfrsm; jyef&Gwfonf/ onfrSm a&SUaeu

]BudK;qGJcs udk,fhudk,fudk owfaoonfa&m rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;}[k
ar;onf/ olu rjzpfEdkifaMumif; BudK;qGJcsaoqHk;vQif BudK;&mrSm
vnfyif;wywftjynfh r&SdaMumif;? ta&SUydkif;wGifom xif&Sm;NyD;
em;&GufaemufrS ywfum aemufbufwGif aysmufoGm;aMumif;? tck
aoqHk;ol vnfyif;rS BudK;&mrSm vnfyif;wywfvHk;tjynfh
xif&Sm;pGm &SdaeaMumif;wdkY jyefajymonf/ ]tjcm;taMumif;aMumifh
aoqHk;NyD;rS vnfyif;udk BudK;ESifh &pfywfcH&onfaum rjzpfEdkifbl;
vm;}[k ar;jyefonf/ ol &DcsifoGm;onf/ ]bmaMumifh aoNyD;wJh
olwpfa,muf&JU vnfyif;udk BudK;eJY&pf&rvJ}[k jyefar;awmh
pmrsufESm - 164
]olar;wmudkom ajzyg}wJh/ tJonfrSm ol enf;enf;pdwfwdk
vmonf/ odkYaomf ]rjzpfEdkifyg}[k ajzvdkufonf/ onfawmh
]aoqHk;ol\ vnfyif;rSm BudK;&mudk cGJpdwfrI vkyfygao;ovm;}
wJh/ onfar;cGef;rSm ol odvdkufonf/ a&SUaeum; rIcif;qdkif&m
aq;ynmudk txl;avhvm xm;olyguvm;/ txl;ojzifh onfvdk
BudK;qGJcs aoqHk;jcif; vnfyif;udk BudK;jzifhnpfjcif; ponfwdkYudk
pmawGUydkif; qdkif&mrsm; avhvmxm;yguvm;/
ol a'goxGufp jyKvmNyD/ ]rvkyfyg}[k ajzvdkufonf/
xdka&SUae\ trlt&m avoHrsm;rSm kyf&Sifrsm;xJu twkdif;
jzpfvmonf/ ]NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD; taejzifh aool\udk,fay:rS
BudK;&mudk rcGJpdwfyJ omreftay:,H MunhfHkrQjzifh raoqHk;rD BudK;
&pfcH&onfvm;? aoNyD;rS &pfcH&onfvm;udk ajymEdkifygovm;}[k
ar;awmh olvnf; acgif;rmpGmyif ]ajymEdkifygonf/ tawGUtBuHK
t& ajymEdkifygonf}[k ajymvdkufonf/ onfrSm wzufa&SUaeu
w&m;olBuD;zufvSnfhum rIcif;qdkif&m aq;ynmt& onfvdk
cGJjcm;&eftwGuf BudK;&mxifaeonfh ta&jym;udk cGJpdwfMunhf&ef
vdkaMumif;? ta&jym;atmuf aoG;pdrfhxGufrI &SdrSom raoqHk;rD

BudK;jzifh &pfywfcHjcif; jzpfonf[k ajymEdkifaMumif; wdkYudk
u&m;a&vTwf ajymawmhonf/ olYaq;pmESifh xGufqdkcsufwdkYonf
a&SUae\ vSnfhywfxGufqdkrIatmufwGif ysufjy,favNyDvm; rod/
wu,fawmh aoqHk;NyD;ol wpfa,muf\ vnfyif;udk
tb,faMumifh BudK;jzifh csnf&ygoenf;/ csnfcJhonf qdkOD;awmif
aoNyD;rS csnfjcif;jzpfojzifh onfrQ reufdIif;? onfvdk vnfyif;
wpfywftjynfh r&SdEdkif/ cufonfu olYtaeESifhvnf;
aemufqHk;ESpf tydkif;(u)wGif oif,lcJh&onfh rIcif;qdkif&m
aq;ynmudk txl;wvnf ruRrf;usifcJh/ ukorIydkif; r[kwfojzifh
pmrsufESm - 165
omrefrQom oabmxm;cJhonf/ ,ckawmh vlyHktv,f t&SufuGJ
onfuJhokdY cHpm;&avonf/
ol a'goxGufvmNyD; w&m;olBuD;udk olajymcsifonfrsm;
avQmufajymawmhonf/ aoNyD;rScsnfvQif onfvdkyHkESifh wjcm;pD
jzpfaMumif;? MunhfHkESifhyif odEdkifaMumif;? onftrIrSm &Jrsm;u
trIydwfzdkYyif BudK;pm;xm;onfh trIjzpfaMumif;? BudK;&mudk &Jrsm;u
owdyif rjyKrdaMumif; ponfwdkYudk rar;bJajymawmh
w&m;olBuD;u NyHK;vsuf ]&ygNyDq&m q&m oGm;EdkifygNyD}[k
qdkonf/ kyf&SifxJuvdkawmh wlBuD;xkNyD; raigufief;yg/ ol
a'go rajyao;aomfvnf; tlaMumifaMumifESifh xGufvm&onf/
w&m;Hk0if;xJrS rxGufao;rD ckeu tpdk;&a&SUaeESifh w&m;cHa&SUae
wdkY wGJvQuf olYaemufvdkufvmonf/ NyD;awmh q&m vufzuf&nf
aomufoGm;ygOD;[k qdkonf/ ol tHhMorIwpf0ufjzifh jiif;vdkufNyD;
wdkif;usef;rma&;Hk;wGif udp&Sdao;onf[k qdkum xGufcJhonf/
tJhonftrI bmjzpfoGm;onfvJawmh pHkprf;rMunhfrdawmh/
wdkif;NrdKU qdkonfu a&mufcJonf/ &Jrsm;udkvnf; ar;raecsif/

odkYaomf a&SUaersm;ESifh olwdkY\ pum;<u,frIudkawmh xdkwpfBudrf
wnf;ESifhyif aMumufoGm;rdavonf/

NrdKYu cyfao;ao;jzpfNyD; rpnfum;vSonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;

NrdKUuav;om jzpfaomfvnf; NrdKYe,f taeESifhu tawmfyif
us,f0ef;avonf/ wdkufe,fESifh &Gmtrsm;pkrSm vrf;yef;
qufoG,fa&; cufcJonfh ae&mrsm;jzpfonf/ onftxJwGifrS
taemufbuf[k ac:onfha'orSm dk;rawmifrsm;udk ausmfNyD;
pmrsufESm - 166
oGm;&ojzifh tvGefoGm;a&;vma&; cufcJonhfae&m jzpfonf/
rdk;wGif;qdkvQif awmifausmfNyD; roGm;vmEdkifojzifh tjcm;NrdKUe,f
bufrS auGYywfNyD; vm&onf/ awmifausmfc&D;uvnf; ajcvQif
ausmf&ojzifh toGm;tvm enf;vSonf/
aqmif;&moDtwGif; r,u tpnf;ta0;wpfckwGif Ou|u
ajymonf/ wkdif;rSL;\ nTefMum;csufjzifh xdkcufcJa'orsm;odkY
NrdKUe,frS vlBuD;rsm; c&D;xGuf&rnf[k qdkvmonf/ xHk;pHac:aeus
trnfrSm ppfaMumif;xGufjcif; jzpfonf/ wu,fawmh rnfonfh
ppfom;rQrygyg/ ,cktcsdefu yGifhvif;&moD jzpfojzifh dk;ausmfNyD;
oGm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ vdkuf&rnfholrsm; pm&if;ajymawmh r,u
tzGJY0if 2? NrdKUe,fq&m0ef? vufaxmufNrdKUe,f ynma&;rSL;?
tcGefOD;pD;? pdkufysKd;a&;? pdkufbPf? ponfjzifh vltawmfrsm;onf/
rsm;aomtm;jzifh vlBuD;rsm;jzpfonf/ dk;rudkausmfNyD; &GmpOf
awmufavQmuf 0if&rnf[kqdkonf/
oGm;&rnfqdkawmhvnf; bmwwfEdkifrnfenf;/ wynfh
wpfa,mufac:NyD; tzGJYESifhvdkufcJhonf/ reuf 9 em&DcefY a&vrf;

jzifh NrdKUupxGufMuonf/ pufavS cyfBuD;BuD;qdkawmh pD;&onfrSm
Zdrf&Sdonf/ odyHarmif0\ c&D;oGm;rSwfwrf;rsm;udkyif owd&
rdao;onf/ aeYvnfpm naepmrsm;udk &GmcyfBuD;BuD;rsm;wGif
0ifpm;Muonf/ &Gmqdkaomfvnf; twefpnfum;aom &GmBuD;rsm;
jzpfonf/ wdkufrsm;? wDADG tifwefemrsm; tawmfrsm;rsm; awGU
&onf/ naearSmifprSm acsmif;vufwufuav;xJ p0ifonf/
acsmif;u auGUauGUaumufaumuf/ vrdkufnqdkawmh arSmif
vdkufonfrSm ydef;ydwfvsuf/ twefaemufusaeNyD jzpfojzifh
pufq&mvnf; pufukefwifNyD; armif;aeonf/ a&wufu
pmrsufESm - 167
pufavSudk ydkjrefatmif wGef;ay;aeonf/ acsmif;u tawmfav;
auGUaumufojzifh tarSmifxJwGif t&SdefESifh armif;&efrSm vrf;udk
tawmfuRrf;usifNyD; acsmif;auGUrsm;udk rSwfrdaerS&rnf jzpfojzifh
csD;usL;rdonf/ ar;MunhfawmhrS olwdkYvnf; wpfcg ESpfcgom
onfvrf;udk armif;zl;onf[k qdkonf/ 'gqdk b,fvkdvkyf
acsmif;auGYawGudk rSwfrdovnf;/ jrifvnf; rjrif&bJeJU[k ar;rd
onf/ onfawmhrS olwdkYenf;udk od&onf/ arSmifonf
qdkaomfvnf; Mu,fa&mifuav; &Sdaeao;onf/ Mu,fa&mif
qdkojzifh aumif;uifrSm Munhf&rSmr[kwf/ a&t&dyfudk Munhf&rSm
jzpfonf/ olwdkYajymrS vdkufMunhfawmh [kwfonf/ acsmif;a&
t&dyfudk cyfa&;a&;jrif&onf/ xdkjrif&onfh acsmif;a&t&dyfxJwGif
ta0;qHk; jrifae&onfhae&mudk OD;wnfNyD; armif;aejcif;jzpfonf/
onfvdkESifh n 10 em&DcefYrSm olwdkY c&D;p&rnfh &Gmudk
a&mufMuonf/ &GmvlBuD; tdrfrSm ntdyfMuonf/ tzGJUrSm vlrsm;
vGef;ojzifh wtdrfwnf;ESifh r&/ oHk;av;tdrfcefY cGJNyD; wnf;Mu
&onf/ NrdKUrS vlBuD;rsm; vmrnfqdk BudKwifpDpOfxm;onf
vm;awmhrod/ jyifay;xm;aom apmif? jcifaxmif? acgif;tHk;

rsm;rSm aumif;rGefoefY&Sif;vSonf/
reufvif;awmh &GmvlBuD; auR;onfh reufpmpm;NyD;
c&D;pMuonf/ onfuawmufavQmuf ajcvQifoufouf oGm;
&rnfh c&D;csnf;jzpfonf/ aemuf wpf&Gmudk reuf 10 em&DcefY
a&mufrnf[k rSef;onf/ xdk&GmrSm xrif;pm;NyD; qufvQif dk;
pausmf &rnf/ aemuf teD;qHk; a&mufrnhf&Gmum; cyfoGufoGuf
oGm;EdkifvQif nae 5 em&DcefY a&mufrnf[k ajymonf/
pmrsufESm - 168
txkwftydk;rsm;udk udk,fwdkifo,fEdkifrnf r[kwfojzifh &Gmom;
rsm;udk ay;vdkufMu&onf/ txkwfxrf;onfh &Gmom;rsm;tzGJUu
cyfoGufoGufvSrf;NyD; t&ifxGufoGm;Muonf/ xdk&Gmom;rsm;u
aemufwpf&Gma&mufvQif aemufxyfo,frnfh tzGJUudk vufqifh
urf;ay;cJhrnfjzpfonf/
onfrSm pOf;pm;rdonfu olwdkYtzGJUonf zdwfac: vmMujcif;
r[kwf/ 'gudkrqDrqdkif &Gmom;rsm;udk txkwfxrf;cdkif;
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onfvdkESifh wpf&Gm0if wpf&GmxGuf &GmpOf avQmuf&onfh
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,cifuawmh tyifBuD;rsm;&Sdonf[k ajymonf/ tckawmh opfrsm;
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opf0g;uav;rsm; vdkcsifvQif awmpyfoGm;HkESifh &Edkifaomfvnf;
tckawmh awmxJ tawmf0ifwmawmif renf; &Sm,l&onf[k
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pmrsufESm - 169
wufvdkufqif;vdkuf awmvrf;uav;rsm; twkdif;oGm;Muonf/
tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif acsmif;rsm;jzwf&onf/ a&pD;Murf;onfh acsmif;
rsm;wGif &Gmom;rsm;u BudK;jzifh t&iful;NyD; BudK;wef;ay;onf/
olwdkYu BudK;udk pDwef;udkifvQuf jzwfMu&onf/ awmxJwGif
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tpnf;ta0;vm; rodonfh yGJponf/ r,utzGJU0ifu &yfa&;
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pmrsufESm - 170
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pmrsufESm - 171
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pmrsufESm - 172
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pmrsufESm - 173
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pmrsufESm - 174
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pmrsufESm - 175
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pmrsufESm - 176
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pmrsufESm - 177
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pmrsufESm - 178
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pmrsufESm - 179
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pmrsufESm - 180
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qdwfokOf;ukefonf rod/ twefMumrS . . .
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]qdkygawmh}
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olawGqdkawmh odcsifwmaygh? eifajymEdkifr,f qdk&ifayghav}
]r&SdvdkY rajymwmyg[m? bm taMumif;jycsufrS r&Sdbl;?
ajym&&ifawmh ig vkyfcsifwmawG trsm;BuD; &Sdao;w,f? pmawG
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]ig tJoavmuftxd rpOf;pm;bl;? avmavmq,f ig
tdrfaxmifa&; rpOf;pm;csifao;wmyJ &Sdw,f}
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pmrsufESm - 181
]ig rodbl;? eifhudk ig arQmfvifhcsufawG ay;xm;cJhrdw,fqdk&if
awmif;yefw,f? tck qufay;rxm;csifawmhbl;? eifvnf; eifh
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q,f bmtcsKyftaESmifrS r&Sdcsifbl;}
]r[kwfbl;? iguawmh jywfjywfom;om; odcsifw,f? igu
rcsrf;omvdkY vufrcHEdkifwmvm;? um;rpD;EdkifvdkY vufrcHEdkif
wmvm;}
]tJ'gawGeJY rqdkifygbl;}
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bmtwGufeJYrS tysufrcHEdkifbl;qdkygawmh . . .? 'DrSm pkESif; . . . }
ol ajym&if;rS tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfvmonf/ pkESif;a&SUodkY
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vdkufrdonf/
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aocsm oGm;csifvdkY? eifhudk ig rcspfbl;vdkY aoaocsmcsm

xyfajymprf;yg? aocsmNyDqdk&if eif ighudk rawGUap&awmhbl;}
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vufarmif;rsm;ay:rS olYvufrsm;udk qGJz,f&if; ajymonf/
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pmrsufESm - 182
]ig. . eifhudk. . rcspfEdkifbl;}
wkef&Dwdk;nif;pGm ajymvdkufaomfvnf; em;xJwGif yJhwifxyfrQ/
olYvufwdkYwGif tm;r&Sdawmh/ wcP&yfaerdNyD; vSnfxGufcJhonf/
pkESif;xHrS wkd;nif;aom idkdIufoHwdkY aemufwGif usef&pfcJhavNyD/

pmrsufESm - 183
15
ESpfESpfqdkaom tcsdefumvonf rodvdkufrodzmom ukefqHk;

oGm;onf/ NrdKUuav;ESifh olvnf; tawmf tom;usaecJhNyD/ onf
tcsdefavmufrSm olYb0trSefudk owday;onfh pmwpfapmif
a&mufvmonf/ vpfvyfaeonfh NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;ae&mtwGuf

wdkif;rS q&m0efwpfOD;udk cefYxm;onfh pmjzpfonf/ onfawmhrS
olYudkol jyefowd&onf/ olonf NrdKUe,fq&m0ef r[kwfao;/
acw NrdKYe,fq&m0efom jzpfonf/ wu,fu vufaxmuf
q&m0efuav;om jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;u NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;[k
0dkif;ac:aeMuojzifh om,maerdonfudk jyef&Sufrdonf/
NrdKUe,fq&m0efa&mufvmvQif ,ck olae aeonfhtdrfrS
z,fay; &rnf/ aq;Hk0if;rSm us,f0ef;NyD; ae&mvGwfrsm;pGm
&Sdaeao;aomfvnf; tvkyform;rsm;twGuf ay;xm;onfh
tdrfwef;vsm; uav;rsm;ESifh NrdKUe,fq&m0eftdrf om&Sdonf/
pmrsufESm - 184
onfawmh ol pdwful;wpfck &onf/ ae&mvGwfwGif vufaxmuf
q&m0eftwGuf tdrfwpfvHk; aqmufvQifaumif;rnf/ ol
,ckaeaeonfh NrdKUe,f q&m0efBuD;tdrfESifh rsufapmif;xdk;
ae&mwGif ajruGufvyf tus,f BuD; &Sdonf/
wkdifyifMunhfawmh r,u uvnf; oabmwlonf/ aemuf
vufaxmufq&m0efawG vmvsifvnf; tqifoifh aep&m
&wmaygh [kajymMuonf/ opfvkyfief;OD;pD;u avQmufvTmom
wifvdkufyg/ opfvdkoavmuf ay;yghrnf[k qdkonf/
aqmufvkyfa&;u aqmufay;zdkY olwdkY wm0ef,lygonfwJh/
tm;vHk; tqifajyaeonf/ xdktdrf aqmufrNyD;ao;rDawmh
tjyifrSm tdrf wpfvHk;iSm;ae&rnf/
Hk;pma&mufNyD; odyfrMumrD NrdKUe,fq&m0ef a&mufvmonf/
touf odyfrBuD;vSao;/ awGUawGUcsif;rSmawmh tqifajyonf/
olESifh wpfa,mufwpf&uf wpfvSnfhpD On-call *sLwD
,lMuwmaygh[k qdkawmh 'Dvl odyfrqdk;bl;[k oHk;oyfrdonf/ ol
Mum;zl;oavmuf wpfcsKdU NrdKUe,fq&m0efrsm;onf vufaxmuf

q&m0efrsm;udk vkyfydkifcGifh vkHk;0ray;wmawG &Sdonf/ okdYaomf
jyemu odyfrMumrDrSmponf/
olYudk ,cifu vTJay;oGm;aom NrdKUe,fq&m0ef\ wm0efESifh
0w&m;rsm;udk xHk;pHtwdkif; jyefvTJay;&onf/ ,cif NrdKUe,f
q&m0efu a&mhtifhqdkNyD; xdk;ay;oGm;aom udpudk ,ckolu
jyefvTJay;awmh pm&if;Z,m;ESifh twdtus vdkcsifonfwJh/ olY
bufu wwfEdkifoavmuf &atmifvkyfay;ygonf/ odkYaomf
rD;acsmif; b,fESpfacsmif; xkdifcHk b,fESpfcHkutp pm&if;jy&rnf[k
qdkNyD; olYudk r,HkouFm yHkpHcsKd;vmawmh ol enf;enf;wif;vmNyD;
pmrsufESm - 185
jywfjywfajymjzpfonf/ olrodaMumif;? xdkrQtxd twdtus
odcsifvQif q&m udk,fhzmomukd,fom vdkufa&ayawmh[k &GJUajym
jzpfonf/ wu,fu olYvufxufrSm [dkuvSL onfuvSL &xm;
wmawG oludk,fwdkif jyKjyifrGrf;rHxm;wmawG trsm;BuD;jzpfonf/
vdkcsifrSjzifh cdk;zGufaep&myif rvdk/ 0efxrf; tukefvHk; eD;yg;u
olYvlrsm;csnf; jzpfonf/ ol ajymif;onfhtdrfudk a&TUxm;vdkuf[k
wpfcGef; ajymvdkufHkjzpfonf/ jrifawmif jrifvdkuf&rnf r[kwf/
wm0ef0w&m; vTJajymif;pmudk av;Budrfav;cg jyifqifNyD;rS
vufrSwfxdk;jzpfonf/
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wpfck aqmufvkyfvdkvQif Hk;csKyftxd cGifhjyKrdefY awmif;cH&rnf[k
qdkvmjcif; jzpfonf/ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; &Sdonfqdkjcif;udk vufcH
ygonf/ odkYaomf onfNrdKU ao;ao;uav;wGif Xmeqdkif&m
trsm;pkrSm r,u oabmwlnDcsufjzifhom vkyfaeMujcif;
jzpfonf/ rMumao;rD ESpfrsm;uyif r,urS BuD;rSL;NyD; aq;HkwGif
"mwfrSefaqmif aqmufNyD; "mwfrSefpufwpfvHk; vSL'gef;cJhonf/
b,fHk;csKyf b,f0efBuD;xHurQ cGifhjyKcsufr,lcJh/ onfvdkESifh

NrdKUe,fq&m0ef\ uefYuGufrIaMumifh olY\ aq;Hk0if;twGif;
vufaxmufq&m0ef tdrfwpfvHk;aqmufrnfh tpDtpOf ysufcJh
&onf/ olESifh &if;ESD;aeolrsm;uawmh ajymMuonf/ 'g xHk;pHygyJ
q&m&,fwJh... b,fNrdKUe,f q&m0efrS vufaxmufq&m0efudk
aq;Hk0if;xJrSm raeapcsifbl;? olY pm;aygufawG ydwfukefrSm
pdk;vdkY[k qdkonf/ ajymvmolrsm;u usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;
r[kwf/ tjcm;XmerS jzpfonf/ opfawGuvnf; olYemrnfESifh
&NyD;aeNyD/ bmvkyf&rSef; rod opfvkyfief; OD;pD;rSL;udk oGm;
ajymawmh &,fNyD; q&m&,f q&mhudk ay;NyD;NyD[m q&mh[m q&m
pmrsufESm - 186
bmvkyfvkyf? q&mu jyeftyfcsifao;vdkYvm;? uJ uJ rvkyf
wwfvnf; uRefawmfyJ a&mif;ay;yghr,f[k qdkum opfrsm;
a&mif;NyD; ydkufqHvmay;onf/ olvnf; tlaMumifaMumifESifh
,lxm; vdkuf&onf/
NrdKUe,fq&m0ef a&mufcgp&ufrsm;wGif ol pDpOfxm;onfh
cGJpdwfrIrsm;udk 0ifrpGufzufbJ q&mvkyfyg? uRefawmf tdk&D,ef
aw;&Sif; ,lvdkufygOD;r,f qdkNyD; olvkyfonfrsm;udk ab;rSom
&yfMunhfaecJhonf/ bmrQrajymcJh/ 'DNrdKUe,fq&m0efeJYawmh
tvkyfvkyf&wm tqifajyNyD[k xifrdcJhonf/
xifjrifcsufu odyfMumMumrcHvdkufyg/
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AdkufcGJarG;&rnf/ q&mrudk cGJcef;zGifhzdkY cGJpdwf&ef jyifqifzdkY
ajymvdkufonf/ NyD;awmhrS ,cifuvdk r[kwf udk,fhxuf &mxl;
tBuD; NrdKUe,fq&m0ef &Sdaeygao;vm;qdkwm owd&onf/
udk,fhbufu tvGefrjzpfatmif taMumif;Mum; pmtkyfwGif a&;NyD;

cGJvlem&SdaMumif;? cGJzdkY jyifaeaMumif; taMumif;Mum;vdkufonf/
q,fig;rdepfcefY tMumrSm NrdKYe,fq&m0ef a&mufvmonf/
twefi,f okefrIefvsuf/ bmrSrajym/ oluawmh tdyf&mu xvm
&vdkY jzpfrSmygav[k xifrdonf/ trSefuawmh vmzdkY ac:onf
r[kwf/ olvkyfonfudk taMumif;rMum;bl; jzpfrnfpdk; tod
ay;jcif;omjzpfonf/ ,cifu wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfaeus
jzpfonf/ q&mru tqifoifhjzpfaMumif; vmajymawmh cGJcef;xJ
0ifcJhMuonf/ vlemudk xHk;pHtwdkif; cg;xHkaq;xdk;rnfvkyfawmh
olu dkaoorIjzifh q&mvkyfrvm;[k ar;vdkufonf/ NrdKUe,f
pmrsufESm - 187
q&m0efu q&mxdk;yg[k qdkojzifh olvnf; vlemudk cg;xHkaq;
xdk;onf/ NyD;awmh vufwpfacguf xGufaq;NyD; jyef0ifvmawmh
NrdKYe,fq&m0efu cGJpdwf0wfpHk 0wfNyD;aeNyD/ olvnf; cGJpdwf0wfpHk
0wftNyD;rSm NrdKUe,fq&m0efudk tajctae vSrf;Munhfawmh
yk*dKvfu OD;aqmifcGJrnfh bufwGif 0if&yfavonf/ olvnf;
bmrQ ajymraeawmhbJ tulbufwGif 0if&yfonf/ pcGJonf/
tawmfaES;onf/ jznf;jznf;csif; vkyfaeonfrSm rNyD;Edkifawmh/
rdepf 20 avmufESifh NyD;&rnfh udpudk wpfem&DcefY MumoGm;onf/
,cifu wdkufe,fq&m0efavmuf rqdk;aomfvnf; uRrf;usifrI
r&SdaMumif; odomonf/ prf;vkyfaeovdk jzpfaeonf/ bmyJ
ajymajym aemufqHk;awmhvnf; NyD;oGm;ygonf/
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q&mudkajymvdkufygwJh}
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okefrIefaeonfudk;/
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q&mrBuD;? aemufNyD; 'DrSmu aq;Hkudk arG;vlem vmw,fqdkwm
trsm;pku tdrfrSm rarG;EdkifrS om;zGm;q&mru rarG;ay;EdkifawmhrS
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ac:wmav? tJ'gudk uRefawmfu vmMunhf NyD;awmh qHk;jzwfcsuf
ray;bJ olYudk ac:jy&OD;r,f qdk&if uRefawmfh tqifhtwef;u
pmrsufESm - 188
olemjyKq&mr jzpfoGm;rSmaygh? olu specialist rS r[kwfwm?
uRefawmf rvkyfEdkifbl;? uRefawmf prf;NyD;&if qHk;jzwfcsufay;rSmyJ?
uRefawmf prf;vdkY rSm;w,fqdkwm r&SdcJhao;bl;? q&mrBuD;wdkY
odygw,f}
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]uRefawmf em;vnfygw,f? ajymNyD;NyD qdkwmom ajymvdkufyg?
apmapmu uRefawmfajymwJhtwdkif; tukefom jyefajymvdkufyg? ol
uRefawmfhudk wdkufdkufajymvm&if uRefawmf &Sif;r,f}
okdYaomf olYudk wkdufdkuf ajymvmjcif;rsKd; r&SdcJh/ xdkYjyif if;\
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&onfrSm r[kwfao;[k xifonf/ jzpfoifhonfu udk,fh&ufrSm
udk,fwm0ef,lNyD; tukefvkyfonfrsKd; jzpfoifhonf/
wpfcgvnf; r[kwf/ ESpfcgvnf; r[kwf/ onfawmhrS wpfck

pOf;pm;rdonf/ cg;xHkaq; rxdk;wwfwm jzpfEdkifonf/
aemufwpfcku ,ckaemufydkif; AdkufcGJarG;onfrsm;udk olcGJvsif
Pfannenstiel incision [kac:onfh uefYvefYjzwf cGJaMumif;jzifh
cGJonf/ Bikini incision [kvnf; ac:onf/ csKyfdk;u a&ul;
0wfpHkatmufwGif aysmufaernfjzpfonf/ cGJ&onfu bmrS
r[kwfaomfvnf; ta&jym;udk csKyfdk;aMumif; ray:atmif
jyefcsKyf&wmu ynmygonf/ q&mrawGu csKyfdk;aysmuf
csKyfenf;[k ac:Muonf/ tck NrdKUe,fq&m0efu NyD;vQif
pmrsufESm - 189
udk,fwdkif b,fawmhrS jyefrcsKyf/ olYudk csKyf&efxm;cJhNyD; xGufoGm;
avh&Sdonf/ onfawmh rcsKyfwwfvdkYvm;[k ,lq&efjzpfvmonf/
aocsmoGm;wmu wdkif;NrdKUodkY udpwpfckjzifh av;&ufcefY
oGm;&onf/ jyefvmawmh q&mrawGu olYudk 0dkif;ajymMuonf/
ol r&Sdonfh&ufrsm;wGif cGJ&efvmonfrsm;udk wdkif;aq;HkodkY tukef
vTJaMumif;? aemufqHk;wpfa,muf rjzpfrae cGJ&efjzpfvmawmhrS
cg;xHkaq;ESifh r[kwfbJ arhaq;ESifh cGJaMumif;? tonf;toef
vkyfvdkuf&aMumif;? ponfwkdY jyefajymjyMuonf/ cGJxm;onfu
orm;dk;us axmifvdkufcGJaMumif; jzifhom/
jyem tqifrajyrIrsm;u vmNyDqdkvQif qufwdkuf vmawmh
onf/
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jyefonf/ trSefu uGefaygif'g ac: aq;pyf&mxl; &SdNyD;om;
jzpfonf/ xdkolrSm t&ufaomufwwfaomfvnf; ,HkMunf&onfh
u&iftrsKd;om;wpfOD; jzpfonf/ xdkuGefaygif'g &SdaeNyD;om;udpudk
olu bmrS wm0ef,l&ef rvdk/ vkyf&rnf qdkvQifvnf; bmrS

tyef;rBuD;yg/ wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfcJhonfhudprsm; jzpfonf/
odkYaomf udpu &Sdvmonf/ aq;pwdkxJwGif NrdKUe,fq&m0ef
acwftqufqufu r&Sif;rvif; xm;cJhonfh oufwrf;vGef
aq;0g;rsm; trsm;tjym; &Sdaeonf/ tcsKdUaq;rsm;rSm bdk;awmf
bk&m;acwfuom toHk;0ifNyD; ,ckacwf b,fae&mrSmrS toHk;
rwnfhawmhonfh aq;rsm;jzpfonf/ NrdKYe,fq&m0efu xdkaq;
rsm;udk &Sif;ypf&efajymonf/ &Sif;ypfwmrsm; vTifhypfvdkufNyD;wmyJ[k
xif&ef&Sdonf/ r[kwf/ xdkaq;rsm;udk vTifhypfzsufqD;&ef
jzpfaomfvnf; pm&if;wGif p&dwfrQay; aq;qdkifrS a&mif;onfh
pmrsufESm - 190
taeESifh pm&if;jy&rnf[k qdkvmonf/ olu b,fjzpfEdkifygrvJ[k
qdkawmh jzpfatmifom BuHzefvkyfyg b,fenf;eJYvkyfvkyf[k
qdkvmonf/ ol axmifacsmufwpfckudk jrifrdovdkvdk jzpfvmonf/
okdYaomfvnf; 'DrSm&Sdaeao;oa&GU qufqHae&OD;rnf qdkawmh
enf;vrf;udk pOf;pm;&onf/ aq;rsm;udk zsufqD;NyD;
ta&mif;pm&if; jy&efrSm aiGvdkonf/ onfvdk r[kwfu[kwfu
twGufawmh olYtdwfxJu aiGtukefrcHEdkif/ t"dym,fr&Sd/ pwdk
xJwGif bDyDtdkifaq;rsm;vnf; tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ onf
aq;rsm;udk p&dwfrQay; taeESifha&mif;vQif aps;aygaomfvnf;
tjyifwGifa&mif;vQif tjrwfaiG awmfawmf&Edkifonf/ onfawmh
NrdKUe,fq&m0efudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymjzpfonf/ bDyDtdkifaq;
tcsKdUudk wdkif;NrdKUaq;qdkifodkY a&mif;rnf/ xdkrS&onfhaiGjzifh
zsufqD;onfh aq;rsm;udk ta&mif;pm&if;jyrnf[k ajymawmh
vkyfyg[kqdkonf/ olpm&if;vkyfNyD; jyawmh jyraeygESifh[kqdkonf/
onfvdkESifh wdkif;NrdKUodkY aq;rsm;ydkYzdkUjzpfvmonf/ onftwGuf olY
wynfht&if;wpfa,mufudk cdkif;&onf/ pm&if;ESifhwuG ydkYcdkif;jcif;
jzpfonf/ aq;u tawmfrsm;ojzifh wpfacgufwnf;rvkyfcsif/

onfaq;rsm;u aq;HkpwdkrSom xGufEdkifonfh aq;rsm;jzpfonf/
onfawmh owdxm;&onf/ wdkif;rS qdkifuvnf; aiGudk
wpfcgwnf; tajyray;yg&apESifh/ cGJay;yg&ap[k qdkonf/ xdk
aq;qdkifESifhu &if;ESD;aeMuNyD jzpfonf/ olYaq;cef; twGufvnf;
tNrJwrf; aq;rSmaeus jzpfojzifh oabmwlvdkufonf/ ydkufqHudk
wynfhwpfa,mufudk vTwfvTwfNyD;,lcdkif;&onf/ onfbufrSm
pma&;r tultnDjzifh aq;rsm;udk zsufqD;&if; jznf;jznf;csif;
ta&mif;jyonf/ onftxdu tqifajyaeonf/
pmrsufESm - 191
wpf&uf wdkif;NrdKUodkYudpwpfckjzifh a&mufoGm;onf/ onfawmh
aq;qdkif0ifjzpfonf/ ol,lxm;onfh aq;ta<u;rsm; &Sif;&if;
ydkYxm;onfh aq;zdk;rsm; jyef,lonf/ onfrSm aq;qdkifu
owif;ay;onf/ trSefawmh apwemESifh ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ q&m
enf;enf;awmh owdxm;aemf? [dkwpf&ufu q&mwdkY aq;HkuvdkY
ajymw,f vlwpfa,muf q&mydkYxm;wJh aq;awGtaMumif;
vmar;oGm;w,f/ NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;u ar;ckdif;vdkY vdkYajymw,f/
q&mydkYxm;wJhaq;awG b,favmufzdk;&SdvJ odcsifvdkYwJh/ tJ'g
uRefawmfvnf; rodbl;vdkY ajAmifyJ ajymvdkufw,f[kqdkonf/ ol
em;rvnfEdkifjzpfoGm;onf/ aocsmar;Munfhawmh vmar;
oGm;onf qdkonfrSm ,ck NrdKUe,fq&m0efxHwGif uyfaeaom ol
rBudKufojzifh roHk;onfh Hk;rS 0efxrf;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ aq;qdkif
udkawmh tao;pdwf &Sif;jyraeawmh/ aemufwpfcg vmar;vQif
tukefajymEdkifaMumif;/ onfudprSm NrdKUe,fq&m0ef cdkif;ojzifh
vkyfonfhudp jzpfaMumif;? olYtaeESifh vQKdU0Sufxm;p&mr&SdaMumif;
ajymcJhvdkufonf/
NrdKUudk jyefa&mufawmh xdk0efxrf;udk ac:ar;onf/ aq;qdkifrSm

oGm;ar;onfqdkjcif; [kwfr[kwf/ olu twdtusajymawmh
rjiif;Edkif/ q&m0efBuD; ckdif;vdkYyg[k qdkonf/ ol tawmf
a'goxGufoGm;onf/ nzuf NrdKUe,fq&m0eftdrfodkY a&mufoGm;
onf/ olYudkawGUawmh yk*dKvfu NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tif EIwfqufonf/
trsKd;orD; &Sdaeojzifh ]tr? aus;Zl;jyKNyD; cPavmuf a&Smifay;
ygvm;? uRefawmf Hk;udpav;ajymp&m&SdvdkY? b,fvdkrS pdwfr&SdygeJY}
[kqdkawmh tHhMoaomrsufESmESifh twGif;cef;xJ0ifoGm;onf/
ol bmrS pum;yvifcHraeawmh/ vdk&if;udk 'Jh'dk;ajymawmhonf/
pmrsufESm - 192
]q&m uRefawmfhudk r,Hk&if uRefawmfhudk wdkufdkufar;NyD;
wdkufdkuf ppfaq;vdkY&w,fq&m? tck[mu wynfhwpfa,mufudk
pHkprf;cdkif;w,fqdkawmh uRefawmfhodumudk oufoufapmfum;wmyJ?
'Daq;awGqdkwm uRefawmfvkyfcsif&if q&m jrif&rSmawmif
r[kwfbl;? a&mif;pm;NyD;wm MumvSNyD? uRefawmf 'Dvdk aq;a&mif;
pm;wJh olrsKd;r[kwfbl;}
onfvdk wnfhwnfhajymawmhvnf; a&SmifxGufonf/
][m r[kwfygbl;Asm? uRefawmf ar;cdkif;wm 'DoabmeJY
r[kwfygbl;? q&mtqifrS ajy&JUvm;vdkY ar;cdkif;wmyg}
]tqifajyvm; rajyvm;u uRefawmfhwdkY aeYwdkif;awGUaewm
wpfcgrS q&m rar;zl;ygvm;? q&mhudk uRefawmf pm&if;awG
tukefjyxm;wmyJ? 'Dvdk qdkifudkydkYa&mif;r,f qdkwmvnf; q&m
oabmwlxm;NyD;om;? tJ'gudk uRefawmfrodatmif oGm;pHkprf;
cdkif;w,f qdkwmuawmh uRefawmfhudk r,Hkbl;vdkY ajymwmeJY
twlwlyJaygh}
],Hkygw,f q&m&,f? uJ uJ . . 'gawG xm;vdkufyg?

uRefawmfwdkY em;vnfrI&NyDvdkY ,lqvdkufyg? q&mtckvdk yGifhyGifh
vif;vif; vmaqG;aEG;wm aumif;ygw,f? aemufvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY nDtudkvdk qufqHMuwmaygh}
xdkokdY ajymaomfvnf; wu,f pdwfrxm;Edkifolu xdkyk*dKvf
jzpfonf/
aq;HkwGif 0g'fh round vQif olYa&SUwGif bmrQrajym/ ol
r&Sdonfh tcsdefwGif aemufwpfacguf 0g'fha&mif; xyfvkyfNyD;
olay;xm;aom ukocsufrsm;udk jyifonf/ olYuG,f&mwGif ol
pmrsufESm - 193
ay;xm;aom ukocsufrsm; rSm;aeoa,mif vlemrsm;a&SUwGif
ajymonf/ wu,fu ukvm;BuD;rS t&mBuD;udk ajymif;ay;jcif;
jzpfonf/ vlemrsm;uawmh rodMu/
onfxuf ydkqdk;vmonfu ajcaxmufdk;usKd;ojzifh ol
ausmufywfwD; pnf;ay;xm;onfudk "mwfrSefjyefdkufNyD;
rSm;aeonf[k qdkum topfjyefpnf;onf/ NyD;awmh opfom;jym;
&Snfwpfckudk ajcaxmufESifh wGJpnf;xm;onf/ wpfcgrQ rjrifbl;
rMum;bl;/ vlemrSm ESpfcgem&onfh tjyif vIyfr& jyKr&/
Mumawmh tvkyfvkyf&wmraysmfawmh/ ol onfNrdKUuav;rSm
tawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfay;cJhNyD;NyD/
vufaxmufq&m0ef wpfa,muftaejzifh ZmwfjrKyfvk eD;yg;
aeNyD; NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;rsm;ESifh tquftoG,f jywfrQaecJhonf/
cGifhr,lEdkifojzifh ol&nfrSef;xm;cJhaom bGJYvGefqufwuf&ef
pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh vufvTwfcJh&onfrSm oHk;ESpfoHk;Budrf wdkifcJhNyD/
olESifh &G,fwlrsm;rSm txl;ukrsm;yif jzpfaeMuNyD/ ol bmawG
b,favmufBuD; cGJwwfaeae b,folurS todtrSwfjyKonf

r[kwf/ xdkufoifhoavmuf 0ifaiG&onf rSefaomfvnf; olaX;
rjzpfEdkif/
onfawmh pOf;pm;rdonf/ olESifh onfNrdKUuav; cGJcGmcsdef
wefNyD xifyg&JU/

vmrnfhESpfwGif bGJYvGefoifwef; wufa&mufcGifhtwGuf 0ifcGifh

pmar;yGJajz&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ rwufvdkY rjzpfawmh/ onf
pmrsufESm - 194
twdkif; qufoGm;vQif wpfcsdefwGif toufBuD;onfh q&m0efBuD;
jzpfawmhrnf/ ,ck ola&SUwGifjrifae&onfh acwfaemufusaeonfh
NrdKUe,fq&m0efvdk jzpfawmhrnf/ olu xdkNrdKUe,fq&m0efudk TDS
q&m0ef[k trnfay;xm;onf/
aq;rsm;onf wpfrsKd;ESifhwpfrsKd; aomuf&efvdktyfonfh tBudrf
rwlMu/ wcsKdUu wpfaeYwpfBudrf (OD)? wcsKdUu ESpfBudrf (BD)?
wpfcsKdUu oHk;Budrf (TDS)? wpfcsKdUu av;Budrf (QID)/ aq;
ESpfrsKd; oHk;rsKd;udk tBudrfta&twGuf trsKd;rsKd;cGJaomufzdkY vlemudk
&Sif;jy&onfrSm tawmfvuf0ifonf/ onfawmh tcsKdU q&m0ef
rsm;u ysrf;rQ,lNyD; bmaq;jzpfjzpf oHk;Budrfaomuf[k nTefvdkuf
awmhonf/ bmrS taxGtxl; &Sif;aep&mrvdk/ vlemvnf;
rSwf&vG,fonf/ tE&m,f BuD;BuD;rm;rm; r&Sd/ odkYaomf onfvdk
ay;zefrsm;vmawmh tusifhygvmrnf/ trSefrsm;udk arhukefrnf/
ESpfBudrfom aomuf&ef vdkonfhaq;udk oHk;Budrfay;&ef rvdkovdk
av;Budrfaomuf&rnfh aq;udk oHk;Budrfay;awmh tmedoif
rxda&mufEdkif/ vlqdkonftrsKd;u aumif;onfhtusifhom

rul;pufcsifaernf raumif;onfh tusifhuawmh tvG,fwul
ul;pufwwfavonf/ olvnf; onftwdkif;om qufoGm;ygu
MumvQif TDS q&m0efjzpfvmrSm pdk;&drf&onf/
wpf&uf olYaq;cef;odkY touf 20 0ef;usif vli,fwpfOD;
vmjyonf/ 0rf;roGm;onfrSm av;&ufcefY &SdaeNyD; pm;orQ
tefum Adkufazmif;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ olu av;&ufawmif &SdaeNyD
tckrS vmjy&ovm; b,f&Gmuvnf; qdkawmh 'DNrdKUay:uygyJ?
'Dht&if&ufawGu q&m0efBuD;eJY jyaewm? roufomwmeJY q&meJY
vmjywmyg[kqdkonf/ prf;oyfMunhf&oavmuf taMumif;t&if;
pmrsufESm - 195
raocsmaomfvnf; tlydwfaeonfrSm xif&Sm;onf/ cGJpdwf&ef
vdktyfEdkifonf/ bmyJajymajym aq;Hk wif&rnfh a&m*gjzpfonf/
ol vdktyfonfh ukorIrsm; a&;ay;vdkufNyD; csufcsif; aq;Hk
wufcdkif;vdkufonf/ vdktyfvsif aemufaeY cGJpdwf&ef vdkcsif
vdkrnf[k ajymxm;vdkufonf/ xdknuawmh aq;rsm;oGif;xm;NyD;
apmifhMunhfrnf[k qHk;jzwfonf/
aemufaeY 0g'fha&mif; xdkvlem\ vlemrSwfwrf;udk Munhfawmh
ukocsufrsm;udk jyifqifxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ nuwnf;u
NrdKUe,fq&m0efu vmMunhfoGm;NyD;jzpfonf/ 'guta&;rBuD;yg/
olu onfvlemudk cGJpdwfzdkY vdkonf xifaMumif;ajymawmh
NrdKUe,fq&m0efu oabmrwl/ apmifhMunfhOD;rnf[k ajymonf/
onfvdkESifh aemufwpf&uf xyfMumoGm;jyefonf/ ol
xyfajymonf/ r&/ vlem&Sifrsm;udk ac:ajymawmh olwdkYuawmh
bmrS rod/ q&mwdkY aumif;ovdkom pDrHyg[kqdkonf/ olvnf;
vlema&SUrSm q&m0efESpfa,muf &efrjzpfcsif/
vlemrSm tajctae qdk;onfxuf qdk;vmonf/ Adkufu

ydkazmif;vmonfh tjyif txdyif rcHEdkifawmh/ aoG;qdyfwufonfh
vuPmrsm;yg jyvmonf/ onfawmh olraeEdkifawmh/
NrdKUe,fq&m0efudk jywfjywfom;om; ajymawmhonf/
q&moabmwlwl rwlwl vlem oabmwlonfESifh uRefawmf
cGJawmhrnf/ vlem oabmwlzdkYom ta&;BuD;onf/
onfvdkajymawmhvnf; q&m&,f cGJvnf; aorSmygyJ[kqdkonf/
ol tawmf a'guefoGm;onf/ apmapmpD;pD;cGJygu vHk;0
aop&mtaMumif;r&Sd/ tckuawmh 50-50 jzpfaeNyD/
pmrsufESm - 196
onfvdkESifh cGJjzpfonf/ AdkufzGifhvdkufawmh tlrsm;rSm
azmif;um;vsuf/ a&m*gudk &Smawmh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; a&m*g
wpfckjzpfonfh twGif; tluRHjcif;a&m*gwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh (obturator
hernia) jzpfaeonf/ AdkuftwGif;rS tacgif;aygufuav; wpfck
xJodkY tluuRH0ifaeNyD; tlvrf;aMumif; ydwfoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
onfvdkrsKd;a&m*gu apmapmpD;pD; cGJNyD; uRHaeonfhtludk
vGwfatmif vkyfay;vdkufvQif NyD;oGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ,ckuawmh
cGJpdwfrI aemufusojzifh vlemtajctaerSm tawmfqdk;0g;aecJhNyD/
NrdKUe,fq&m0efonf OD;aqmifcGJpdwfol ae&mwGif &yfaeaomfvnf;
bmvkyf&rnfrSef; odyHkr&/ t"du vkyfaeolu oljzpfonf/
onfvdk vkyfEdkifzdkYtwGuf ynmay;cJhaom olYq&mudk aus;Zl;
wifrdao;onf/ uRH0ifaeonfhtludk jyefxkwf/ raumif;awmhonfh
tydkif;rsm; jzwf? NyD;awmh jyefqufonf/ arhaq;ay;&onf/
arhaq;q&m0ef r&Sd/ udk,fwdkifyJ arhaq;ay;&onf/ cGJpdwfcsdefu
Mumjrifhojzifh vlemtwGuf raumif;/ cGJpdwfrIuawmh
NyD;oGm;onf/
odkYaomf aemufESpf&uftMumrSm aoG;qdyfwufrIudk rxdef;Edkif

ojzifh xdkvlem qHk;yg;oGm;onf/ wu,fqdk rjzpfoifhaom
aoqHk;rI jzpfonf/ rcGJwwfonfudk ol tjypfrqdkyg/
vlwpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf &cJhonfh tcGifhta&;rwlEdkif/ olu
q&maumif;ESifh awGUcJh jzpfonf/ odkYaomf rdrdvkyfEdkifrvkyfEdkifudk
trSeftwdkif;odzdkY? yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymzdkY ta&;BuD;onf/ rvkyf
wwfonfrSm &Sufp&mr[kwf/ vkyfwwfcsifa,mif aqmifonf
uom &Sufp&maumif;avonf/
onfxufydkqdk;onfh tjzpfwpfck&Sdao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 197
olYqDrSm tNrJyHkrSefjyaeaom qD;csKdaoG;csKda&m*g&Sif trsKd;orD;
wpfOD;&Sdonf/ olwdkYvifr,m;u om;orD;wpfOD;rQ r&ao;/
,cifu yxrtBudrf udk,f0efaqmifzl;aomfvnf; tzwfrwifcJh/
,ck 'kwd,tBudrf udk,f0ef&Sdonf/ olwdkYtwGuf tvGef
ta&;BuD;aom udk,f0efjzpfonf/ udk,f0efudk tapmBuD;
uwnf;u olYxH vmtyfxm;onf/ oluvnf; ta&;BuD;rSef;
odojzifh aoG;csKdqD;csKdudk *kwpdkuf xdef;&efajymNyD; wdkif;NrdKYrS
orm;awmfxH oGm;jyapNyD; tBuHPfawmif;apcJhonf/ qD;csKdudk
xdkorm;awmf nTefonfhtwdkif; xdef;apcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif
wdkif;NrdKUwGif Ultrasound dkufapNyD; aocsm *kwpdkuf ppfaq;ap
cJhonf/ NrdKUBuD;rSm oGm;arG;&efyif tBuHay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf
vlem&Sifrsm;bufrS tcuftcJ&Sdonf/ wkdif;NrdKUrSm oGm;raeEdkif/
onfaq;HkrSmyJ olESifh arG;yg&ap[k qkdvmonf/ onfawmhvnf;
rwwfEdkif/ vdktyfvQif aeYaphvaphxd rapmifhbJ apmNyD;cGJarG;&ef
vdktyfvmEdkifaMumif;vnf; BudKwif today;xm;cJhonf/
wu,fvnf; jzpfvmcJhonf/ udk,f0ef 7 vausmfausmfcefYwGif
qD;csKdu xdef;r&atmif wufvmcJhonf/ onfaq;HkrSmu aoG;rS

tcsKd"mwfudk rppfaq;Edkif/ qD;csufppfaq;aom tvGefa&S;us
onfh enf;jzifhom ppfae&onf/ qD;csufonfh tajz ta&mifu
tkwfeDcJa&mif jzpfvmonf/ qD;csKdrusygu om;tdrfwGif;
oaEom;aoqHk;rI jzpfEdkifacs&Sdonf/ onfawmh udk,f0eftwGuf
pdwfylvmNyD; aq;Hkwifvkdufonf/
onfrSm jyem pawmhonf/ NrdKUe,fq&m0efu if;ESifh
tyfxm;aom udk,f0efr[kwfojzifh jyem&Smawmhonf/
olYa&SUwGif csKdcsKdomomjzifh apmygao;w,f&,f apmifhygOD;
rcGJygESifhOD;[k ajymonf/ okdYaomf ol r&SdcsdefwGif vlemtm;
pmrsufESm - 198
aigufvm;ief;vm; vkyfawmhonf/ aq;HkrSm ESpf&ufoHk;&uf
Mumvmonf/ qD;csKdu tkwfeDcJa&mifrS vHk;0rus/ vlem&Sifu
tajctaeudk tdrfvmar;&if; NrdKYe,fq&m0ef\ qufqHyHkrsm;udk
ajymjyonf/ bmvkyf&rvJ ar;onf/ olvnf; uJAsm uRefawmf
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymr,f/ NrdKUe,fq&m0efudk ypnf; 'grSr[kwf
ydkufqH oGm;om ay;vdkufAsm/ uRefawmfhtwGuf rvdkygbl;/
cGJ&ifawmh uRefawmfyJ t"du vkyf&rSmyg/ rylygeJY/ tcku olu
tBuD;qdkawmh olYcGifhjyKcsufrygyJ uRefawmfvnf; twdkuftcH
vkyfNyD; rcGJcsifbl;[k ajymvdkufonf/
vlem&Sifuvnf; olYpum;em;axmifygonf/ NrdKUe,fq&m0efudk
oGm;uefawmhvdkufonf/ aemufaeYrSmawmh vHk;0 tcsKd;ajymif;
oGm;avonf/ 0g'fh round awmh NrdKUe,fq&m0efuyifpNyD; cGJvdkuf
Mu&ifaumif;r,f [kqdkonf/ oluyJ cGJzdkY oifhawmfonfudk pwif
tBuHjyKovdkvdk/ vlemaumif;zdkYu vdk&if;jzpfojzifh olbmrQ
ajymraeawmh/
onfvdkESifh pcGJMuonf/ ol tcsufwpfcsuf vGwfoGm;onf/

vlemtm; aq;HkwifNyD;aemufydkif; ward round onfhtcg
NrdKYe,fq&m0efu OD;aqmif round avh&Sdojzifh omreftm;jzifh
vlemrsm;udk olYtaejzifh rprf;oyfjzpfawmh/ ,ckvnf; aq;Hk
wifNyD;uwnf;u NrdKUe,fq&m0efu em;Muyfuav; vlemAdkufay:
axmufaxmufaeojzihf oltaejzifh xyfNyD;rprf;jzpfawmh/
tJhonf tusdK;qufu cGJvdkufawmhrS ay:vmavonf/
xHk;pHtwdkif; olyJ cg;xHkaq; xdk;ay;&onf/ AdkufzGifhonf/
om;tdrfudkzGifhonf/ uav;um; qD;csKda&m*gonf rdcif\
uav;wdkYxHk;pH 00NzdK;NzdK;uav; jzpfonf/ odkYaomf touf
pmrsufESm - 199
r&Sdawmhacs/ vwfvwfqwfqwf jzpfojzifh aoqHk;aeonfrSm
wpf&ufcefYom &SdOD;rnf/ aocsmonfuawmh aq;HkrwifrD
aq;cef;wGif prf;oyfpOfu uav;ESvHk;ckefoHudk ol taotcsm
Mum;cJh&ao;onf/ aemufydkif; ol jyefrprf;jzpfonfh twGufvnf;
olYudk,fol tjypfwifrdonf/
ol a'goxGuf pdwfwdkonfqdkonfrSm ajymzG,f&mr&Sdawmh/
vlem&Sifrsm;udk tb,fodkY rsufESmjy&rnfenf;/ aq;Hkwifwifcsif;
&ufu cGJcGifh&cJhvQif onfodkYjzpfzG,f taMumif;r&Sd/ ol
NrdKYe,fq&m0efudk ajymvdkufonf/ ]uJ q&mY jyem q&myJ
vlem&SifawGudk &Sif;ayawmh/ uRefawmfawmh r&Sif;jyEdkifbl;}[k
ajymvdkufonf/ onfvdkawmhvnf; rsufESm tajymifom;jzpfonf/
&ygw,f/ q&m qufydwfvdkufav/ ]uRefawmf xGuf&Sif;jy
vdkufyghr,f}[k qdkonf/ vlem&SifwdkY\ aMuuGJ&yHkrSm ajymzG,f&m
r&Sd/
xdknu vlem&SifwdkY olYtdrf a&mufvmNyD; em;vnfygaMumif;
,ckjzpf&onfh udprSm NrdKYe,fq&m0ef tcsdefqGJxm;onfh

twGufaMumifh jzpfonfudk odygaMumif;? tck cGJxm;NyD;onfh
vlemrdcifudk *kpdkufay;zdkY taMumif;wdkY vmajymonf/ olvnf;
onftwGufuawmh pdk;&drf&efrvdk ol wm0ef,lcJhonfh udk,f0efudk
atmifjrifatmif rD;zGm;ray;EdkifcJhojzifh b,fvdk rsufESmjy&rSef;yif
rod[k ajymrdonf/ vlem&Sifrsm;uawmh uHayghq&m&,f?
b,fwwfEdkifrvJ? q&mvnf; taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif vkyfwmyJ
[kqdkonf/ jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\ cGifhvTwfem;vnfEdkifrI tay:
csD;usL;rdonf/
pmrsufESm - 200
oluawmh onfNrdKUrS tjrefqHk; ajymif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;udkom
pOf;pm;aerdawmhonf/ tjcm;NrdKUodkY ajymif;a&TUrdefY&&ef qdkonfrSm
tenf;qHk; ESpfESifhcsDMumOD;rnf/ ajymif;&jyefvQifvnf; b,fvdk
NrdKUe,fq&m0efrsKd;ESifh awGY&OD;rnfrod/ taumif;qHk;ESifh tjrefqHk;
uawmh bGJUvGefoifwef; wufcGifh&jcif; jzpfonf/ csufjcif;
&efukef jyefajymif;&rnf/
onfvdkESifh qHk;jzwfcsufwdkYu ydkrdkcdkifrm vm&awmhonf/
MumavwkH;av rjzpf&ef? onf'kursm;rS vGwf&ef? bGJUvGefpmar;yGJ
0ifcGifhudk ratmif atmifatmif ajz&ayawmhrnf/

onfMum;xJrSm uoduatmuf tjzpfrsm;vnf; xyfBuHK

&ao;onf/ ol NrdKUe,fq&m0ef r[kwfawmhuwnf;u tcsKdU
olrsm;\ qufqHa&;u tenf;i,f ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/
wpf&ufrSm olYwynfY wpfa,mufu vmajymonf/ q&mYudk

tcGefOD;pD;u ajymp&m&SdvdkY naetm;wJh tcsdef tdrfudkvmcJhygOD;vdkY
rSmvdkufonf[k ajymonf/ ,cifuqdkvQif udpwpfckck&SdvQif
olYtdrfodkY vmaeusjzpfonf/ tcGefOD;pD;omru tjcm; Xme
qdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;vnf; onftwdkif;yifjzpfonf/ r,uOu|
udk,fwdkifyifvQif usef;rma&;udpqdkvQif aq;HkodkYom vmonf/
tcGefOD;pD; tdrfa&mufoGm;onf/ tcGefOD;pD;rSm olxuf touf
trsm;BuD; BuD;oljzpfonf/ yifpif,l&efyif wpfESpfcefYom
vdkawmhonf [kqdkonf/ rdom;pku &efukefrSm[k odxm;onf/
tvmyovmyrsm; acwrQ ajymNyD; vdk&if;udk pvmonf/ olYudk
pmrsufESm - 201
aq;cef;twGuf tcGefraumufcJhonfrSm ESpfESpf&SdNyD jzpfaMumif;/
onfESpfudk tcGefaumuf&rnf jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ olu
ay;&rnf qdkawmhvnf; ay;wmaygh[k ajymawmh onfvdkvJ
r[kwfaMumif;/ ndEIdif;vdkY&aMumif; tqifajyatmif vkyfay;rnf
jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ ol kwfw&ufem;rvnf/ tcGefOD;pD;u
tcGefaqmif&rnfh aiGyrmPudk wGufjyonf/ tawmfuav;
rsm;aeojzifh olu tJoavmufawmif rsm;ovm; b,fvdk
wGufovJ[k ar;awmh vlemta&twGufay:rSm rlwnfwGufonf
[k ajymonf/ olvnf; wtHhwMojzifh uRefawmfhaq;cef;udk
wpfaeY vlemb,fESpfa,muf vmw,fqdkwm b,fvdkvkyf odovJ
[k ar;rdonf/ odatmifvkyf&wmu uRefawmfwdkYtvkyfav/
twdtusawmh b,f[kwfrvJ ysrf;rQaygh[k qdkonf/ 'gayrJh
pdwfrylygeJY q&mtJoavmuf ay;p&mrvdkygbl; [kqdkjyefonf/
onfawmhrS qdkvdkonfht"dym,fudk &dyfrdovdkvdk &Sdvmonf/
NrdKUe,fq&m0efudka&m aumufovm;[k ar;awmh aumufawmh
aumufrSmyg/ 'gayrJh olu q&mY aq;cef;udk rrDbl;av[k
qdkonf/ [kwf&JUvm; uRefawmfjzifh rodygbl;/ q&m0efBuD;

aq;cef;qdkawmh vlem ykdr&bl;vm; OD;pD;wdkY ydkaumufoifhwmaygh
[kqdkawmh NrdKUe,fq&m0ef a&mufcgpuawmh [kwfw,f?
q&maq;cef; vlem enf;enf;usoGm;w,f? 'gayrJh tck vlem
awGu oabmaygufNyD; q&maq;cef;rSmyJ jyefNyHKaeMuNyDav[k
qdkonf/ olujzifh owdyifrxm;rd/ [kwfovm; r[kwf
ovm;vnf; rod/ vlemenf;vQif aysmfawmifaysmfao;onf/ tdrf
apmapmjyef&onf r[kwfvm;/
uJ 'gqdk b,fvdk vkyfay;&rSmvJ qdkawmh tcGefOD;pD;yk*dKvfu
q&meJY uRefawmfu vl&if;awGyJ q&m&,f Munfhay;aygh[kajymNyD;
pmrsufESm - 202
b,fNrdKUe,fwkef;u b,fq&m0efu olYtwGuf Pocket money
b,frQay;aMumif;/ b,fwdkufe,f q&m0efu b,favmuf
ay;aMumif;awG ajymonf/ ,ckNrdKUe,fxJu wdkufe,fq&m0efrsm;
taMumif;yif ygvdkufao;onf/ olwdkYavmufawmh ay;p&m
rvdkygbl;/ olwdkYawmrSmu q&mxuf ydk ydkufqH&w,f/ q&m
vlemawGudk odyfr,lwmvnf; odygw,f[k qdkonf/ aemufqHk;
tcGefudk tenf;qHk;yrmPjzifh aqmifEdkif&efwGufay;rnf/
if;twGuf b,favmufay;yg[k qdkvmonf/ yxrwGufjyaom
aiGESifh tawmfuav; uGmjcm;onf/ olvnf; vlxJu
vlwpfa,mufqdkawmh ydkufqH tukeftus enf;onfudk BudKuf
onfaygh/ tcGefOD;pD; ajymonfhtwdkif; ay;vdkufonf/ ajyvnf
oGm;onf/ odkYaomf pdwfxJrSmawmh atmifhoufoufjzpfcJh&onf/
aemuftaMumif;wpfcku aq;cef; xdkif&jcif;udk pdwfukef
vmonf/ vlemtrsm;pkrSm qif;&Jom;rsm;/ BuD;BuD;us,fus,f
a&m*grsm;uvnf; qif;&Jom;vlemrsm;wGif ydkjzpfonf/ twefi,f
wwfEdkifaom vlemrsm;rSm ty&dua&m*grsm;om/ aq;cef;
rvmvnf; tcsdefwefvQif aysmufoGm;rnfh a&m*grsm;jzpfonf/

onfa&m*grsm;udk BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvkyfNyD; aq;awG ay;ae
&onfudk &Sufovdkvdk jzpfvmonf/
aemufwpfcku aq;xdk; &onfhudp/ a&m*g tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
aq;xdk;&ef rvdk/ aomufaq;jzihfyif aysmufEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
onf&yf&Gm"avhu aq;cef;vmNyD; aq;uav; xdk;vdkuf&?
wifyg;uav; emoGm;&rS aq;cef; jy&usKd;eyfonf[k
xifMuonf/ a&m*gydkNyD; jrefjref aysmufrnf[kxifMuonf/
a&mufcgpu rvdktyfyJ aq;rxdk;a&; pnf;Hk;ao;onf/
vltenf;pkudkom pnf;Hk;&onf/ tenf;i,faom NrdKUay:rS
pmrsufESm - 203
vlrsm;uom rvdktyfvQif aq;rxdk; qdkonfudk vufcHMuonf/
trsm;pkrSm woufvHk; tdk;pGJvmcJhaom aeraumif;vQif
aq;xdk;&rnfqdkonfh t,ltqudk rpGefYvTwfcsifMu/ olu
aq;xdk;ray;vQif tyfykef;xH &rf;uk xHrSm oGm;xdk;Muonf/
NyD;awmh wifyg;rSm jynfwnfemawGjzpfNyD; jyefa&mufvmonf/
jynfwnfemu ykdpdwfnpf&onf/ cGJpdwfNyD; jynfawGxkwf&?
temudk aq;tMumBuD;xnfh&ESifh vlemvnf; yifyef; ykdufqHvnf;
ydkukefonf/ onfvdkESifh aq;xdk;jcif;trI jyefvkyf&onf/
oluawmh yxrwpf&ufrSmom xdk;ay;NyD; aemufaeYawGrSm
rvdkawmhbl;qdkum xkd;ray;awmh/ onfvdkYawmhvnf;
auseyfMuonf/
odkYaomf vlemrsm;u NrdKYBuD;ay:rS txl;ukrsm;xH oGm;NyNyD;
aq;rxdk;onfudkawmh vufcHMuonf/ olwdkYu txl;ukawGudk;
[k qdkMuonf/ onfawmh aq;cef;wGif vmorQ aq;xdk;
ae&onfhtvkyf rvkyfcsifvsif txl;ukq&m0efjzpfatmif vkyf&
ayawmhrnf/
onfvdkESifh bGJUvGefoifwef;wuf&ef 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJudk

&efukefrSm jyefajzonf/ NrdKUe,fq&m0efu aysmf&TifpGmcGifhay;onf/
&efukefrSm ata;t;aq;aq; aeyg[kyif ajymvdkufao;onf/ ol
r&Sdav BudKufav xifyg&JU/
yxr a&;ajzpmar;yGJ ajz&onf/ a&;ajzatmifjrifrS vlawGY
EIwfar;ajz&rnf jzpfonf/ atmifpm&if;u csufcsif;rxGuf/
NrdKUuav;odkY jyefNyD; apmifh&onf/ wpfvcefYMumrS xGufonf/
&efukefrS oli,fcsif;udk rSmxm;cJhojzifh zkef;quf owif;ay;onf/
pmrsufESm - 204
ol atmifonf/ onfawmh vlawGY EIwfajzpmar;yGJtwGuf
&efukefodkY wpfacgufvm&jyefonf/
vlawGYEIwfajzu ESpfydkif;&Sdonf/ wpfydkif;u bmom&yfydkif;
qdkif&m jzpfojzifh ygarmuBuD;rsm;u ar;rnfjzpfNyD; aemuf
wpfydkif;u tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;rS nTefcsKyf bmnmponfwdkYu ar;rnf
jzpfonf/ bmom&yfydkif;qdkif&mu jyemr&Sd/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;u
bmzwf&rnfrod/ ,cifajzzl;olrsm;? atmifxm;NyD; bGJUvGef
wufaeMuolrsm;udk ar;awmhvnf; a0a00g;0g;/ 'dkYwm0ef
ta&;oHk;yg;yJ tvGwfusufxm;& rvdkvdk? EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf
awGyJ rSwfxm;& rvdkvdk? ,ckwpfavm jzpfysufaeonfh urmh
a&;&mrsm;yJ avhvmxm;& rvdkvdk/ aemufqHk;awmh pdwfIyf
vmojzifh bmrSrzwfawmh/ onftwkdif;0ifajzonf/
bmom&yfqdkif&mcHku ygarmursm;ESifhu tqifajyonf/
bmawG vkyfzl;ovJqdkawmh olYe,frSm vkyfcJh&onfrsm;xJrS
tenf;tusOf;ajymjyawmh oabmusaeMuonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;rS
vlBuD;rsm;cHkrSmawmh txpftaighuav;rsm;&Sdonf/ &,fp&mvnf;

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ol cHkrSm0ifxdkifxkdifvdkufjcif; vlBuD;wpfOD;u par;onf/
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jzpfoGm;onf/ wpfa,mufu
pmrsufESm - 205
]at; rSefawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayrJh bmaeYrsm;vnf;uGm 'DaeUu}
tJonfawmhrS olvnf; owd&NyD; ]atmf [kwfuJh urmhpm;eyf
&dumaeYyg} [k ajz&onf/ NyD;awmh EdkifiHhvlOD;a&awG
tdrfeD;em;csif;EdkifiHrsm;rS vlOD;a&awG ar;aeonf/ tcsKdUajzEdkifNyD;
tcsKdUrajzEdkif/ pdwfxJrS pOf;pm;rdonf/ tckar;aewmawGu
aq;ukonfhae&m cGJpdwfonfhae&mrSm b,fae&mrSmrsm; toHk;0if
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arG;jrLa&;awG vkyfrnfholvnf;r[kwf/ olajzonfh pmar;yGJu
cGJpdwfukynmjzpfonf/
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jzpfcsif&wmvJ} wJh/ toifh jyifqifxm;aom tajzr&Sd/ ]0goem
ygvdkYyg} [k ajymawmh ]bmvdkY 0goemyg&wmvJ}wJh/
ol enf;enf; OD;aESmufajcmufoGm;onf/ cPpOf;pm;NyD;rS
]uRefawmf awGYcJhBuHKcJhzl;wJh cGJpdwfq&m0efBuD;awG trsm;pk&JU
pdwf"mwfudk oabmusvdkYyg? aemufNyD;awmh cGJpdwfukowm&JU
tajzu csufcsif; vufiif;jrif&w,f? nmvdkYr&bl;}

]atmf armif&ifu wjcm; txl;ukawGu nmaewmvdkY
qdkcsifwmvm;}[k ar;onf/ ol pum;rSm;oGm;rSef; odvdkufonf/
rwwfEdkifawmh/ ]r[kwfygbl;cifAsm} [kom ajzvdkuf&onf/
aemufqHk;rSm wpfa,mufu ar;onf/ ]armif&if 'Doifwef;
NyD;wJhtcsdefrSm tckwm0efusaewJhae&mudk jyefydkYcJh&if oGm;rSmvm;?
jiif;rSmvm;}wJh/ trSefajz&rnfu vTwf&if oGm;yghrnf[k jzpf&rnf
xifonf/ 'grS olwdkYtBudKuf jzpfrnf/ odkYaomf pdwfxJrSm
r&Sdonfh t&mudk rajzcsif/ t"dym,fr&Sd[k xifonf/
pmrsufESm - 206
]uRefawmfhudk tJ'DjyefydkYvdkY tusKd;r&SdEdkifygbl;? oifwef;NyD;cJhvdkY
cGJpdwfq&m0efjzpfcJh&if tck uRefawmf vkyfcJhNyD;wJh cGJpdwfrIawGxuf
BuD;wJh tqifhjrihfwJh cGJpdwfrIawG vkyfEdkifzdkYtwGuf ypnf;ud&d,m?
vltiftm;? arhaq;q&m0ef pwmawGvdkygw,f/ tJ'gawG r&SdwJh
ae&mydkYcJh&if vlwpfa,muf&JUpGrf;&nfudk jzKef;wD;ypf&ma&mufrSmyg?
tJ'gaMumifh uRefawmf jiif;yghr,f}
pdwfxJ&Sdonfhtwdkif; ajzvdkufonf/ rBudKufvnf; rwwf
Edkifawmh/ ]uJ uJ armif&if oGm;EdkifygNyD} qdkawmh x xGuf
vmcJhonf/
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tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;rS ar;onfu ta&;tBuD;qHk; jzpfonf/
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jzpfonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;rSolrsm; BudKuf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
rwwfEdkifyg/ uHudkom arQmfvifh&ayawmhrnf/ tm;omcsuf
wpfcku cGJpdwfukynmudk vlrdkufrsm;om ajzonf[k qdkdk;&Sdonf/
tck a&;ajzatmifNyD; vlawGYodkYwufvmol 60 cefYom&Sdonf/

aq;ynmbmomuJhokdY &m*Pef;rausmf/ tJonfxJrS vl 20 cefY
a&G;rnf[k owif;&onf/ 3 a,mufrSm wpfa,muf ygEdkifacs
&Sdonf/
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avQmufvmcJhonf/ txl;uk jzpfaeMuaom oli,fcsif;rsm;
0g'fhwpfckckwGif &Sdvdk&Sdjim; &SmMunhf&efjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;
b0uom usifvnfcJhaom aq;HkBuD;udk ra&mufonfrSm ESpf
twefMumcJhNyDjzpf pdrf;ovdk jzpfaeonf/ aq;Hktaygufapmifh
uawmh wm;qD;raebJ tomwMunfzGifhay;onf/ olYudk
pmrsufESm - 207
q&m0efrSef; odvdkYawmh rjzpfEdkif/ wdkufyHkudk vufrSmcsdwfvmNyD;
pwpfaumfvm tustjzLvuf&SnfESifh jzpfojzifh bmrSef;rodbJ
zGifhay;vdkufyHk&onf/
aq;HkBuD; avSum;twuf tay: armhtMunhfrSm ajcvSrf;wdkY
&yfwefYoGm;&onf/ tay:rS qif;vmonfh trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;/
wpfOD;rSm . . .
aMomf . . . awGYr,fhawGUawmhvnf; 10 ESpfwmrQ &if;ESD;cJh&NyD;
5 ESpfausmfMum rawGUcJh&ol/ olY&ifxJwGif tNrJ&SdaecJhol/
pkESif;/
pkESif;onf ,cifutwdkif; bmrS rajymif;vJao;yguvm;/

olYudk jrifoGm;awmh pkESif;vnf; tHhMooGm;yHk&onf/ cPrQ

wHkYceJ jzpfoGm;onf[k xifrdonf/ NyD;awmh vSrf;EIwfquf&if;
olYqD avQmufvmonf/ aemufqHk; awGYcJhMucsdefu bmawGyJ jzpfcJh
jzpfcJh oli,fcsif;qdkaom pdwfuawmh usefaeOD;rnf[k xifonf/
ESpfawGvnf; MumcJhNyDyJ/
][,f . . eif &efukefa&mufaew,f? [kwfvm;? bmvm
vkyfwmvnf;}
olujzifh csufcsif; jyefrajzEdkif/ toHu kwfw&uf
xGufrvm/
pmrsufESm - 208
]ig... tJ... entrance vmajzwm}
]eif ydefoGm;vdkufwm? tom;awGvnf; ydkndKoGm;ovdkyJ}
]awmrSm yifyef;w,fav? eifwdkYvdk NrdKUay:u orm;awmfBuD;
awGrS r[kwfwm? eifuawmh t&iftwdkif;ygyJ}
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aygufpe&JU 0#fawGudk}
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ay;onf/ NyD;awmh olYudk ar;onf/
]eif 'Dudk bmvmvkyfwmvJ? udp&SdvdkYvm;}
]interview ajzNyD; b,foGm;&rSef;rodwmeJY 'DbufvSnfhvmwm?
b,f&,fvdkY r[kwfygbl;}
onfawmh pkESif;u twlygvmaom trsKd;orD;buf vSnfhNyD;
cPaecJhOD;rnf? oGm;ESifhyg[k ajymvkdufonf/ olwdkY
ESpfa,mufwnf; usef&pfcJhMuonf/ onfudkvmvQif pkESif;ESifh

awGUEdkifonf[k pOf;pm;xm;rdNyD; jzpfonf/ qHkcJhvQif b,fodkY
aernfvJ ol rawG;EdkifcJh/ tckawmhvnf; oli,fcsif;awG jyefawGU
MuovdkrQom/ wu,fvnf; olESifh pkESif;onf oli,fcsif;
awGrQom r[kwfygvm;/
]ighqDvmwm r[kwfbl;aygh}
]tif; . . eif b,f0g'fh a&mufaevnf; igrS rodwm? tck
awGYawmhvnf; eifhqDvmwmyJ xm;vdkufygawmh}
pmrsufESm - 209
]tJh'gqdk&ifawmh {nfhonfudk {nfhcH&rSmayghav? 'D eD;eD;em;em;
uawmh canteen yJ &Sdw,f}
]at;av? canteen yJ oGm;wmaygh}
olwdkY aq;HkxJrSxGufNyD; canteen bufavQmufvmMuonf/
]eif xrif;pm;NyD;NyDvm;}
]rpm;&ao;bl;? eifu tm;a&m tm;&JUvm;}
]tck xrif;pm;csdefyJ[m tm;ygw,f? xrif;Al;zGifh pm;NyD;vdkY
oli,fcsif;eJY vufzuf&nf oGm;aomufrvdkY qif;vmwm? eifu
xrif;pm;aygh? t&ifwkef;u pm;cJhwm trSwfw&aygh}
ol pkESif;udk jzwfceJMunhfrdonf/ t&ifwkef;u trSwfw&wJh/
[dk,cifu tcsdefrsm;udk pkESif; trSwf&aeao;onfvm;/ b,frQ
trSwf&aeao;onfvJ/ ol rodEdkif/
olwdkYESpfa,muf canteen a&mufoGm;Muonf/ b,f
oli,fcsif;u b,fa&mufaeaMumif;? b,folujzifh bmjzpf

aeaMumif;rsm; ajymjzpfMuonf/ trSefawmh olwdkYESpfa,muf
pum;vrf;aMumif; vTJaeMujcif;om jzpfygonf/ ,cifu
taMumif;rsm;udk pum;prdrSm pdk;aeMuonfvm; rod/
]uJ olrsm;taMumif;awG xm;vdkY eifhtaMumif;ajymygOD;? eifu
tck physician BuD;aygh? tck b,f ward rSmvnf;}
]ig __rSma&mufaewm? tif; quf<um;&&ifawmh MRCP
part 1, 2 vnf;atmifxm;w,f? tck part 3 oGm;ajzzdkY tvSnfh
apmifhaewm? aemuf IELTS ajzzdkY vkyfaew,f}
pmrsufESm - 210
]awmfvScsnfvm;? igholi,fcsif;u rSef;xm;wJh twdkif; tukef
jzpfatmif vkyfEdkifwmyJudk;? csD;usL;ygw,f}
pkESif;rsufESm kwfw&ufndK;oGm;onf/
]eif tJhovdkawmh rajymygeJY? eifvnf; vkyf&ifjzpfygw,f}
]ig MSc awmh wufrSmayghav? EdkifiHjcm;oGm;zdkYawmh tpDtpOf
r&Sdbl;}
]eifvnf; 'gNyD;&if MRCS ajzvdkY&wmyJ}
]tck MSc awmif yg ryg rodao;wm? ta0;BuD;
vdkygao;w,f? aemufNyD;awmh MSc NyD;&ifvnf; igu e,fjyef
oGm;rSm}
]eifu awmrSm ZmwfjrKyfawmhrvdkYvm;}
]ZmwfjrKyfrjrKyfawmh rodbl;? e,frSm ae&wm pdwfcsrf;omr,f
xifwmyJ}
pkESif; bmrS jyefrajymawmh/ olu

]eifu b,fawmh oGm;&rSmvnf;}
]tJ'gu rodao;ygbl;? ta&SUrSm wef;pDaewJh olawG
&Sdao;w,f}
]jyefvmrSmvm;}
pkESif; acgif;iHkoGm;onf/
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]&&if jyefrvmawmhbl;vdkY qdkvdkcsifwmvm;}
pmrsufESm - 211
]tif; pOf;pm;wmyJ? eifhrdkYvdkY ajymwmaemf}
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vmvQif pkESif;ESifh awGUEdkifonfudk odNyD;jzpfojzifh awGUvQif
b,fyHkaernf bmajym&rnfudk pOf;pm;zl;onf/ pOf;pm;wdkif;
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pum;0dkif;u qlnHoGm;onf/ twefMum pum;ajymMuNyD; vrf;cGJ
cJhMuonf/ pkESif;vnf; olYudk EIwfqufNyD; 0g'fhxJjyefoGm;onf/
tcsdefqkdonfrSm taumif;qHk; orm;awmf[k ajymMuonf/

pdkif;crf;vdwfu tcsdefqdkwJh orm;a,mif jyKpm;csufaMumifhxifh
pdwf"mwfrsm; ajymif;aeNyDvm; [k a&;zl;onf/ orm;a,mifjzpfjzpf
taumif;qHk; orm;awmfjzpfjzpf tcktcsdefrSm ,cifuESifhrwl
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&Sdaerdol wpfa,mufudk vludk,fwdkif jyefawGUvdkuf&aom tcg
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pmrsufESm - 212
NrdKUuav;odkY rjyefrD aemufwpfBudrf pkESif;udk EIwfquf&ef
tBudrfBudrf pOf;pm;onf/ aq;Hkem;odkY a&mufonf/ odkYaomf
0ifrawGYjzpf/ aemufwpfBudrf HI;edrfh&rnfudk &ifrqdkif&Jjcif;
jzpfrnfvm;/ olYudk,fol aocsmem;rvnfEdkif jzpf&onf/
NrdKUodkYjyefa&muf vkyfaeustvkyfawGudk qufvkyf&if; result
apmifh&onf/ onfMum;xJ &efukefvSrf;pHkprf;awmh bmbmnmnm
vdkufxm;onfholrsm; rsm;aeojzifh result rxGufEdkif jzpfae
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xGufonf/
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awmhrnf/ ausmif;om;wpfydkif; jyefjzpf&OD;awmhrnf/

pmrsufESm - 213
16
jyef&awmhrnfqdkawmh aysmfvnf;aysmf pdwfraumif;vnf;

jzpf&onf/ 2 ESpfausmfMum usifvnfcJhaom onfNrdKUuav;rSm
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ay;qyfcJh&wmawGvnf; &Sdonf/ tawGUtBuHKawG &cJhonf/
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pkrdaqmif;rd &Sdonfawmhvnf;r[kwf/ aiGaMu;udpESifhywfoufNyD;
olYwynfhrsm;u ajymMuonf/ q&mu &oavmufyJ ,lwmudk;
&SmrS &SmroGm;wmwJh/ b,fvdk &Sm&rnfudk odaomfvnf; xdk
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh r&Smcsifyg/
olYbufuawmh tcsdefrsm; ay;qyfvdkuf&onf/ cGJpdwfrIawG
trsm;BuD; vkyfcJhojzifh tvGefyifyef;cJhonf/ cGJpdwfukwifu
wifr& csr&? Hydrolic ysufae cg;udkif;acgif;iHkY cGJ&ojzifh
pmrsufESm - 214
ZmwfaMumwuf cg;em a&m*g pGJcJh&onf/ tdyfa&;ysuf tpm;ysuf
rsm;vGef;ojzifh tpmtdrfa&m*g &cJhonf/ vlu cyfydefydefom
usefonf/ wpfaeYwpfaeY vlem? aq;Hk? aq;cef;om eyef;vHk;
ae&ojzifh urmBuD;ESifh tquftoG,f jywfaecJhonf/ olY
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xGufolrsm;u xGufukefMuNyD/ odkYaomf auseyfygonf/
jyefcgeD; wpfywfcefY tvdkrSmawmh cGifh,lNyD; aq;cef;vnf;
ydwfvdkufonf/ olu rvkyfzdkY wm;aomfvnf; NrdKUe,fr,u rS
EIwfqufyGJav; vkyfay;onf/ aq;HkrSmvnf; 0efxrf;rsm;u
vkyfcsifaomaMumifh NrdKUe,fq&m0efu raumif;wwfojzifh
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tlrsm; ydwfroGm; ykyfroGm;ap&ef ta&;ay:cGJ&onf/ twif;
zdoGif;ygu tvGeftE&m,frsm;avonf/ ol pdwfysufvufysuf
pmrsufESm - 215
ESifh aemufrS tomvSnfhjyefvmcJhonf/ avmuBuD;onf olY
oabm olaqmif aeygvdrfhrnf/
jyefonfh&ufwGif NrdKUe,fq&m0efrS ty aq;HkrS0efxrf;rsm;
qif;EIwfqufMuonf/ olYwynfhwpfa,mufu &efukeftxd
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EIwfqufjcif;udk cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ NrdKUuav;u a0;usefcJhonf/
b0onf wpfqpfcsKd;cJhjyefavNyD/
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rodao;/ pkxm;aom aiGuav;jzifh oifwef;oHk;ESpfudk jzwfausmf
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aygcsifwdkif; aygaeaom ae&mwGif ol aq;cef;xdkifygu ol
uk&rnfh vlemrsm;rSm omref zsm;emrIrsm;om jzpfvdrfhrnf/
xdka&m*grsm;rSm aq;raomufvnf; aysmufonfh a&m*grsm;om/
'gudk tBuD;tus,fvkyfNyD; aq;awGay;ae&jcif;udk vdrfnm
ae&onf[k pdwfxJwGifxifaerdonf/ aemufwpfcku ,ck

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rawmif;csifvQif tul ac:xm;&awmhrnf/ e,frSmvdk udk,fhwynfh
r&Sd/ pdwfcs&aomol & r& raocsm/ p&dwfpu BuD;rnf/
aq;HkwGif wpfaeukef tvkyf vkyfHkjzifh pm;0wfaea&;
vHkavmufaom vc&ygu aumif;avpG[k pdwful;,Ofrdonf/
onfvdkESifh olY\ oifwef;wdkY tpjyKcJhNyD/ tpOD; umvrsm;wGif
vdyfcHk; pmoifaqmifrsm;wGif jyefwuf&ojzifh i,fpOfumvrsm;ukd
jyefowd&rdonf/ ausmif;tv,frS pdefyef;yiftdkBuD;onf
pmrsufESm - 216
rajymif;rvJ &Sdaeao;aomfvnf; vlawG acwfawGu ajymif;vJ
cJhNyD/ vdyfcHk;[k ac:aeao;aomfvnf; vdyfcHk;taqmuftODBuD;
r&Sdawmh/ ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wdkY\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrIwdkY
uvnf; tajymif;BuD; ajymif;aeNyD/ olwdkYacwfu wD&SyfrajymESifh
pykdY&Syfyif 0wfcGifh r&SdcJhaom ausmif;BuD;rSm ,ckawmh ta&mif
taoG;pHk yHkpHrsKd;pHkonfh t0wftpm;rsm;jzifh vli,frsm; aysmf&Tif
aeMuonf/ olwdkYacwfu ykqdk;0wfolom rsm;NyD;
abmif;bD&Snf0wfol tvGef&Sm;aomfvnf; ,ck a,mufsm;av;
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rsm;rSmvnf; qef;jym;aom t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh? opfvGifvwfqwf
aeMuonf/ olwdkYacwfu udk,fykdifum; pD;Edkifolqdkwm vufcsKd;
a&vdkY&aomfvnf; tckawmh um;BuD;um;i,f toG,foG,f/
oluawmh ,cifutwdkif; bwfpfum;udkom tm;udk;vQuf/
oifwef;rsm; wuf&if; wNydKifwnf; aq;HkrSmvnf; wm0ef
,l&onf/ *sLwDawG qif;&onf/
&efukefaq;HkBuD;onf olESifh pdrf;oa,mif&Sdonf/ vkyfxHk;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk tuRrf;w0if r&SdvSojzifh tcuftcJ tenf;i,f

awGU&onf/ ta&;ay: cGJpdwfXmewGif olwdkYvdk oifwef;om;rsm;
ESifhtwl oifwef;NyD;cgp txl;uk q&m0efi,frsm;udk twl
wm0efcsxm;avh &Sdonf/ xdktxl;uk q&m0efi,frsm;u
tzGJYacgif;aqmif tjzpf wm0ef,lvsuf ta&;ay: cGJpdwfrI
rSeforQudk wm0ef,l&onf/ vdktyfvsif tqifhqifh ac:Edkifonf/
rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh olwdkY wm0ef,l cGJpdwfEdkifonfu
rsm;ygonf/ ol vkyfEdkifrSef; odojzifh tzGJUacgif;aqmifu olESifh
twlwm0efusvQif olYudk xm;oGm;wm rsm;onf/ q&m
Munhfomvkyfxm; vdkufayawmh uRefawmf *sDyD vpfvdkufOD;r,f[k
pmrsufESm - 217
ajymNyD; vpfoGm;wwfonf/ olESifh vufaxmuf q&m0efi,frsm;?
a[mufpqm*sifrsm;om usef&pfwwfonf/
a&mufvmaom a&m*grsm;uawmh e,frSmwkef;uESifh odyf
rxl;jcm;vSyg/ tltwufa&mif? tpmtdrfayguf? tla&mifief;zsm;?
tlus? xdcdkuf'Pf&m& . . . . / e,frSm wpfa,mufwnf;
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ypnf;ud&d,m pHkpHkvifvif arhaq;awG bmawGESifh qdkawmh
cGJpdwf&aom q&m0eftzdkY at;at;oufom &SdvSonf/
jyemu ukefusp&dwfjzpfonf/ vlemwpfa,muf aq;Hk
vmjyygu aq;HkodkY p0ifuwnf;u pmtkyfvkyf&ef ydkufqH
vdkonf/ prf;oyfppfaq;rIrsm; vkyf&ef ydkufqHvdkonf/
vdktyfaomaq;rsm; 0,f&ef ydkufqHvdkonf/ vdktyf cGJpdwf
uko&rnfqdkygu arhaq; xHkaq;zdk;? cGJpdwfcef;wGif; oHk;&rnfh
aq;zdk;? cGJpdwfpOfoHk;&rnfh ypnf;zdk; ponfh ukefusp&dwfwdkYudk
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"mwfavScg;pD;c/
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ta&;ay:a&mufvmaom qif;&Jom;vlemrsm;\ udpu olwdkY
acgif;ay: yHkusawmhonf/ tpmtdrfaygufjcif;? tltwufa&mif?
tltwufaygufjcif; ponfh ta&;ay:cGJpdwf&ef vdktyfonfh
a&m*grsm; qdkonfu tcsdefqGJxm; &onfr[kwf/ onfawmh
rjzpfjzpfatmif BuHzefvkyf&onf/ cGJcef;xJrS q&mrrsm;xH
pmrsufESm - 218
tyluyf&onf/ tvum;ay;Edkifwm bm&Sdoenf;/ BuHzef
awmif;NyD; jzpfatmifcGJ&onf/
tvum; awmif;vGef;ojzifh olYudk cGJcef;xJrS q&mrrsm;u
emrnf ay;xm;onf/ tvum;qm*sif wJh/ rwwfEdkif/ ac:csif
ovdkom ac:awmh/ tvkyfNyD;zdkYu ta&;BuD;onf/ wu,fh
wu,f q&mrawGvnf; vlemawGUawmh raeEdkifyg/ nnf;nnf;
nLnLESifh vkyfudkifay;Mu &wmyJjzpfonf/ r&Sd &Sdonhf aq;rsm;
ypnf;rsm; &SmBuHay;Muygonf/ wwfEdkifonfh vlemcGJpOfu ydkvQH
onfav;rsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;NyD; rwwfEdkifonfh vlemvmvQif
oHk;&efxkwfay;Muygonf/ NcdK;NcHacRwmrI NydKifyGJ&SdvQif olwdkY AdkvfpGJ
avmufonf/
onfawmh aq;Hku bmay;oenf;[k ar;p&m&Sdonf/
ae&may;onf/ ukwifay;onf/ q&m0efprf;oyfc cGJpdwfc
ray;&/ q&m0ef wpfcg vmMunhfwdkif; ydkufqHwpfcg ray;&/
jyifywGifcGJpdwfvQif ay;&rnfh arhaq;q&m0efc? vufaxmuf
q&m0efc? tulq&mrc ponfwdkY ray;&/ 'gyJjzpfonf/ 0g'hfrsm;

wGif tvSLcH&xm;aom ydkufqHESifh aq;0g;tcsKdU&SdwwfMuygonf/
rjzpfrae vdktyfvmvQif xdktxJrS pDpOfay;Edkifonf/ odkYaomf
tuefYtowfESifhom/
wpfcgwpf&H tdwfxJu ykdufqHpdkufNyD; ukay;vdkuf&onf
rsm;vnf; &Sdwwfonf/ e,fwkef;u ydkufqHpdkuf ukay;&onfu
raxmif;wmvSaomfvnf; ,ckvdk 0ifaiGr&SdcsdefrSm pdwfoGm;wdkif;
udk,frygEdkif jzpf&onf/
pmrsufESm - 219
aemuftqifrajywm wpfcku vlemaqmifrsm;wGif q&mBuD;
rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;jzpfonf/ jyemu ol b,favmuf tvkyf
BudK;pm;vkyfvkyf q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh tqifrajy/ olYavmuf
rcGJpdwfwwf? olYavmuf tvkyfrBudK;pm;ol tjcm; oifwef;om;
rsm;ESifhusawmh tqifajy aeMujyefonf/
cGJpdwfaqmifrsm;wGif yifrcGJcef;ESifh ta&;ay:cGJcef;[l &Sdonf/
ta&;ay:rSmu olwdkYvdk oifwef;om;rsm;? oifwef;NyD;cgp
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rEdkifrSom rdrdxuftBuD;udk ac:onf/ ta&;ay:cGJpdwfrIrsm;u
olYtwGuf txl;tqef;r[kwfawmh/ olvdkcsifonfh cGJpdwfynmu
yifrcGJcef;rSm &Sdonf/ yifrcGJcef;rSmu cGJpdwfrI tBuD;pm;rsm;
vkyfonf/ xdkcGJpdwfrI tBuD;pm;rsm;udk q&mBuD;rsm;u t"du
vkyfMuonf/ olwdkYvdk oifwef;om;rsm;u cGJpdwfvufaxmuf
tulvkyfay;&if; ynm,lMu&onf/ xdkaMumifh q&mBuD;rsm;
cGJvQif vufaxmuftul vkyfcGifh&&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
olu q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh wGJNyD; cGJpdwfcsif ynm,lcsif vGef;ojzifh

tvSnhf apmifh&onfrSm tarm/ tjcm;olrsm;om wpfa,mufNyD;
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awmhvnf; bmrQta&;rBuD; ynmrygonfh tao;pm;
cGJpdwfrIrsKd;wGif tvSnfhusonf/ onfawmh tBuD;pm; cGJpdwfrIrsm;
vkyfaecsdefwGif cGJpdwfaeolrsm; taemufrSm cHkuav;wpfckcs?
xdkcHkay:wuf&yfNyD; cGJpdwfaeMuolrsm; acgif;ay: ycHk;ay:wdkYrS
ausmfMunhf&onf/ ykPm;buGef; pmpDynmudk rsufESmusufrS
wufMunhfNyD; oifcJh&onfqdkonfudkyif owd&rdao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 220
yxrawmh r&dyfrd/ aemufrS wjznf;jznf; oabmayguf
vm&onfu xdkbGJUvGef ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh q&mBuD;rsm;Mum;u
tay;t,lav;awG jzpfonf/ oluom *sDyDrxdkifyJ aq;Hk
tvkyfrsm;udk tm;BudK;rmefwuf vkyfaeaomfvnf; xdkolrsm;u
*sDyDxdkifonf/ NyD;awmh vlemrsm;udk q&mBuD;rsm;xH nTefay;onf/
onfhtwGuf q&mBuD;rsm;uvnf; cGJpdwfvQif xdkausmif;om;udk
tultjzpf ac:onf/ q&mBuD;rsm;udk [dk[dkonfonf
vdkufydkYonf/ acwfpm;aeaom tESdyfcef;? um&mtdkau?
pm;aomufqdkif ponfwdkYudk vkdufydkYonf/ q&mBuD;rsm; udp
wpfckck &SdonfqdkvQif zkef;om wpfcsufqufvdkuf um;uav;ESifh
csufcsif;a&mufvmNyD; vkyfay;onf/ onfawmhvnf; q&mBuD;
rsm; oabmusonfrSm rqef;/ oluawmh aq;cef;rxdkifojzifh
q&mBuD;rsm;twGuf vlem&Smray;Edkif/ zkef;rudkifEdkif/ udk,fydkifum;
r&Sd/ pm;aomufqkdif um&mtdkaursm;ESifh tuRrf;w0ifr&Sd/ aq;Hk
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aewwfonf/ onfawmh q&mBuD;rsm;u olYudk tawmfMumonf
txd if;wdkY\ oifwef;om;rSef; rodMu/ odjyefawmhvnf;

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jywfjywfajymonf/ aiGpum;rajym/
,ckawmh ol tHhtm;oihf&avonf/
pmrsufESm - 221
,ckawGU&onfh cGJpdwfq&mBuD;trsm;pkrSm ,cifu olodcJhonhf
q&mBuD;rsm; r[kwfawmh/ q&mBuD;trsm;pkrSm ol t&ifu
xifcJhovdk r[kwfMuawmh/ trsm;pkonf aiGaemuf
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vlem&SmMuonf/ emrnf BuD;atmif vkyfMuonf/ jyify
aq;cef;BuD;rsm;wGif jyoaom vlemrsm;xJrS ydkufqHwwfEdkifaom
vlemrsm;udk xdkjyify aq;cef;rsm;wGif cGJpdwfrIvkyfay;onf/
'guawmh ajymp&mr&Sd/ ydkufqH odyfrwwfEdkifaom vlemrsm;udk
ydkufqHtoifhtwifh awmif;um aq;HkwifNyD; cGJonf/ if;wdkY
vufrSwfESifh aq;Hk a&mufvmaomvlemrsm;udk usefolrsm;u
cGJcGifhr&Sd/
oifwef;om; b0uawmh tm;vHk;ESifh tqifajyatmif
ae&onfh b0 jzpfonf/ yifyef;onf/ &SdorQ tvkyfcdkif;cH&onf/
olwyg; rvkyfcsifonfh cGJpdwfrIrsm;udk 'dkifcHvkyf&onf/
q&mBuD;rsm; tjrifruwfatmif ae&onf/ udk,fu olwdkYESifh
pmar;yGJajz&rnf r[kwfvm;/ a&;ajzomru vufawGY EIwfajz
tqifhqifh ajzqdk&rnf jzpfojzifh q&mBuD;wpfa,mufa,muf\

rsufpdpyg;arG;pl;cH&ygu tvGeftE&m,fBuD;avonf/
odkYaomfvnf; tm;vHk;awmh onfvdkr[kwfMuyg/
&Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; vlaumif;rsm;vnf; &Sdygao;onf/ trsm;oliSm
tm;BudK;rmefwuf tNydKiftqdkif ykdufqH&SmaeMucsdefwGif avmb
rwuf rSefrSefuefuef vkyfaeolrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf/
vlemaqmifwpfckrS wm0efcH ygarmu q&m0efBuD;um;
&Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;xJu jzpfonf/ avmbr&Sd/ aq;HkrSm ydkufqHr&Sm/
tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;pepfusonf/ wynfhrsm;tay: wnfhrwf
pmrsufESm - 222
ajzmifhrSefpGmqufqHonf/ acwf\ vdktyfcsuft& jyifywGif
aq;cef;xdkifonf/ jyifywGif usoifhoavmuf tcaiGaMu;jzifh
cGJpdwfrIrsm; vkyfygonf/ odkYaomf vlemudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;
ajymonf/ cGJpdwf&ef vdkonf rvdkonf/ cGJpdwf&ef vdktyfvQif
vkyfEdkifonfh vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk &Sif;jyonf/ jyifyaq;cef;
wGifvnf; cGJEdkifonf/ ukefusp&dwfrsm;rnf/ if;udk,fwdkif
cGJpdwfrnf/ odkYaomf aq;Hk taqmifwGifvnf; wufa&muf
cGJpdwfrI cH,lEdkifonf/ aq;HkwGifqdkvQif tvSnfhapmifh&rnf/
if;udk,fwdkif cGJpdwfEdkifcsifrS cGJpdwfEdkifrnf/ vufatmufrS
tvSnfhus cGJpdwfq&m0ef wpfOD;OD;u if;\BuD;MuyfrIatmufwGif
cGJpdwfrnf/ aq;zdk; ukefusp&dwfrSwpfyg; q&m0ef q&mrrsm;tm;
ydkufqHay;&efrvdk/ ponfjzifh &Sif;jyNyD; vlemudk a&G;cs,faponf/
aq;Hkwufcsifonfh vlemqdkvQif pma&;ay;vdkufonf/ xdktcg
wm0efus q&m0efu aq;Hkwifay;vdkufonf/
vlem 0g'fhxJa&mufvmaomtcg cGJpdwf&efjyifqifrIrsm;udk
xHk;pHtwdkif;vkyf&onf/ NyD;vQif cGJcef;apmifh vlempm&if;wGif
xnfhxm;vdkufHkom jzpfonf/ q&mBuD;xHrS vmonfhvlemjzpf

OD;pm;ay;&ef rvdk/ a&m*gtajctae trsKd;tpm;ay: rIwnfNyD;
OD;pm;ay;tqifhrsm; owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; jzpfonf/ rnfol
cGJpdwf&rnf qdkonfudkvnf; cGJpdwfrI trsKd;tpm;udk vdkufvQuf
tvSnfhuspepfjzifh owfrSwfay;xm;onf/ rnfolu ydkvkyf&onf
[lr&Sd/ xdkokdY cGJpdwfrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyNyD; vlemrsm;tay:rS
rnfolrQ tusKd;tjrwf r,l&/ ,lonfudk awGU&Sdygu cGJcef;0ifcGifh
ydwfyifrnf ponfh pnf;urf;rsm;csrSwfxm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 223
oifwef;umvtwGif; vlemaqmifrsm;udk tvSnfhusoGm;
&onf/ xdkq&mBuD; taqmifodkYvnf; wm0efusonf/ xdktcg
rSom q&mBuD;ESifh tvSnfhus cGJpdwftul vkyfcGifh &avonf/

pkESif;ESifh &Hzef&Hcgqdkovdk qHkjzpfMuonf/ odkYaomf tcsdef

MumMum pum;rajymjzpfMu/ olYtvkyf udk,fhtvkyfawGuvnf;
&Sdaeonf/ wul;wu oGm;awGUjzpfonfh tMudrftenf;i,f
wGifvnf; tvmyovmy wpfcsKdUrSvGJ bmajym&rSef;rodcJh/
ajymp&mpum;wdkY ukefcJhavNyDvm;/ pkESif;zufua&m ,cifu
twdkif;yJvm;/ olua&m/ ,cifutaMumif;rsm;udk jyefpOf;pm;vQif
&ifxJrSm vIdufzdkpGm cHpm;ae&ao;aomfvnf; ,ckvuf&SdrSmawmh
cHpm;rIwdkY uif;rJhovdkjzpfaeonf/
bmyJajymajym pkESif;onfvnf; ,ckxufxd vGwfvyfaeol/
onfawmh olYtwGuf arQmfvifhcsuf &Sdaeao;onf[k xifrd

jyefonf/ ,cifuajymcJhaom pum;rsm;udk arhr&Edkifao;jyef
awmhvnf; cJrSefzl;onfh pmoli,fuJhokdY cHpm;rdonf/
wpf&uf canteen rSm qHkonf/ xHk;pHtwkdif; EIwfqufjzpfonf/
olu ]xdkifOD;av? wpfckck aomufygvm;? ig wdkufyghr,f} qdkawmh
]aomufr,fav} qdkojzifh olYtwGuf ayghuswpfcGufESifh
pkESif;twGuf ayghqdrfhwpfcGuf rSmvdkufonf/ pkESif;tBudKufudk ol
rSwfrdaeygao;onf/ pkESif;u
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pmrsufESm - 224
]ajymav? bmvJ}
]eif vmr,fh we*FaEGaeY aeYvnfydkif;tm;vm;}
]tm;ygw,f? bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ig eifwdkYudk qdkifrSm auR;rvdkY? eif ___udk 11 em&D
vmcJhav? 0if;aZmfwdkYvnf; vmvdrfhr,f? ausmfpGmwdkYuawmh
&efukefrSm r&SdMuawmh rwwfEdkifbl;}
]bmvnf; eifh arG;aeYvm;? r[kwfygbl;? eifharG;aeYu vdkyg
ao;w,f}
pkESif;\ arG;aeYudk ol rSwfrSwfom;om; &Sdaeygao;onf/
]eifu igarG;aeY rSwfrdvdkYvm;}
]ig tukefrSwfrdygw,f? 'gayr,fh arhzdkY BudK;pm;Munhfaew,f}
]uJyg... pum;EdkifvkraeygeJY? ig oGm;awmhrSmrdkYvdkY EIwfqufwJh
taeeJY auR;wmyg? b,folrS rygbl;? cdkifrmwdkYESpfa,mufeJY
eif&,f? 0g'hfxJu wpfa,muf ESpfa,muf&,fyJygw,f? vmjzpf

atmifvmcJh}
][kwfvm;... b,fawmh oGm;rSmvnf;}
]aemuf 2 ygwfavmufyJ vdkawmhw,f}
ol kwfw&uf bmjyefajym&rnfrod jzpfoGm;onf/ wu,f
oGm;awmhrSmygvm;/ ol cPNidrfaerdonf/ ol wm;vQif roGm;yJ
aernfvm;/ 'guawmh pdwful;,OfvGef;oGm;NyD/ pm;yGJxdk;av;
vmcsaom vufzuf&nfudk txyfxyfarTaerdonf/
pmrsufESm - 225
]eif awmfawmf owdaumif;wmyJ}
]bmudkajymwmvnf;}
]aMomf... 'Dvdk oGm;&Jwmudk ajymwmyg}
]b,f wwfEdkifyghrvJ[m? 'DvdkyJ vkyf&wmaygh? wjcm;ol
awGvnf; 'DvdkyJ oGm;aewmyJ}
]tm;vHk; tqifoifhjzpfaeNyD qdkygawmh}
][kwfw,f}
]eifu tJh'DbGJUudk &udk&rS jzpfrSmvm;}
]b,fvdk... bmudk ajymwmvnf; . . }
pkESif;u kwfw&uf em;rvnfovkdjyefar;onf/
]aMomf... tJ'DbGJU &udk &rS jzpfrSmvm;vdkY ar;wmyg}
pkESif;rsufESm wif;ceJ wpfcsufjzpfoGm;onf/ NyD;awmh wpfcGef;
ajzonf/
][kwfw,f}
]aumif;ygw,f? iguawmh awmyJ jyefoGm;awmhr,f}
pkESif; bmrQ jyefrajym/ twefMum EIwfqdwfaerdMujyefonf/
]eif ighukd em;rvnfygbl;}
][kwfw,f? ig eifhudk em;rvnfbl;? b,fawmhrSvnf;
em;vnfrSm r[kwfbl;}
pmrsufESm - 226
]em;vnfatmifrS rBudK;pm;wm? uJ igoGm;awmhr,f? 0g'fhxJ
jyefoGm;&OD;r,f? we*FaEGaeYawmh vmcJhOD;}
]b,fvdk b,fvdk? pkESif;... cPaeygOD;? ig . . . }
pkESif;onf olY pum;udk rapmifhyJ xGufoGm;onf/ olY toH
tenf;i,f us,foGm;ojzifh ab;rS 0dkif;rsm;u vSnfhMunfh
Muonf/ aq;Hk canteen qdkawmh tm;vHk;u rsufrSef;
wef;rdolrsm;csnf; jzpfaeojzifh ol tomjyefxdkifaevdkuf&onf/
pkESif; bmudk qdkvdkygoenf;/ em;vnfatmif rBudK;pm;bl;
qdkygvm;/ BudK;pm;cGifhaum &SdcJhygovm;/ &Sdaeao;onfvm;/
a&SUpm;yGJay:rS raomufjzpfao;aom vufzuf&nfcGufudk
Munhfaerdonf/ at;pufum tay:,Ht&nfwif; aeavNyD/
aomufjzpfawmhrnf r[kwf/

pkESif; oGm;awmhrnf/ jyefvmrnf rvmrnf raocsmaom

&yfa0;wpfae&mokdY oGm;awmhrnf/ olY&ifwdkYonf [kd,cifuvdk
vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpf&jyefavNyD/ pkESif;onf olYtwGuf twdwfu
t&mwpfckom jzpfcJhNyD[k xifaerdcJhonf/ wu,fawmh r[kwfyg/
ol [efaqmifaejcif;? &ifrqdkif&Jjcif;om jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ pkESif;udk
ol cspfaeygao;onf/ ol aemufqHk;tBudrftjzpf BudK;pm;
Munfhoifhao;onf xifyg&JU/
pkESif;\ EIwfqufyGJrSm &if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif; tenf;i,fom
ygonf/ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm; ajymjzpfMuonf/ &,farm
pmrsufESm - 227
jzpfMuonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf taMumif;udk odxm;olrsm;
jzpfMuojzifh aemifajymifMuonf/
]eifwdkYESpfa,mufu b,fvdkvnf;? ykdufqHpkaeMuwkef;vm;} [k
ar;Muonf/ olu tenf;i,f rsufESmysufoa,mif &Sdaomfvnf;
pkESif;u &,farmvQuf wHkjyefEdkifavonf/
tm;vHk;pm;aomufNyD; jyefMuawmh ol tomcsefNyD; ae&pfonf/
pkESif;u
]ig oGm;awmhr,f} [k ajymonf/
]cPaeygOD;}
cPaeygOD;[kom ajymonf/ bmqufajym&rnf rod/ ol
vli,fav;wpfa,mufvdk jzpfaerdjyefonf/
]ig... pum;enf;enf; ajymcsifao;w,f}
]____}
]eifh qHk;jzwfcsufawG rjyifEdkifawmhbl;vm;}

]bmudk ajymwmvnf;? tm;vHk; pDpOfNyD;rS igu bmudk
jyif&OD;rSmvnf;}
]vGefcJhwJh ajcmufESpfausmfu eifh tajzudk ajymwmyg}
pkESif; cP EIwfqdwfoGm;onf/ NyD;rS
]ig oGm;zdkY tm;vHk; pDpOfNyD;NyD? qHk;vnf; qHk;jzwfNyD;aeNyD}
]qHk;jzwfcsufqdkwm jyifvdkY&ygw,f}
pmrsufESm - 228
]ig 'Dtcsdef a&mufzdkYtwGuf b,favmuf BudK;pm;cJh&w,f
b,favmuf apmifhcJh&w,fqdkwm eifrodygbl;}
][kwfrSmygav? 'gayr,fh ig tckxd eifhudk arQmfvifh
aeao;w,fqdkwm eifodapcsifw,f}
]igwdkYtoufawG ri,fMuawmhbl;? 'gayrJh ighrSm vkyfp&mawG
trsm;BuD; &Sdaeao;w,f? [dkrSm ajz&r,fh pmar;yGJu b,fawmhrS
atmifr,fqdkwm rodbl;? tvkyf&r,f r&bl;qdkwmvnf;
raocsmbl;? ig kef;uef&rSmawG trsm;BuD;yJ}
]eifh[m raocsmwmawGcsnf;yJ? 'gayrJh ighbufuawmh aocsm
ygw,f}
]eifvnf; b,frSm aocsmvdkYvJ? eif tckwufaewm NyD;&if
awmif b,fe,fa&mufr,fqdkwm aocsmvdkYvm;? bmjzpfr,f
qdkwm aocsmvdkYvm;}
]at;ayghav? 'gaygh b0awGqdkwm aocsmwm a&&mwm bmrS
r&Sdbl;? eif OD;aESmufeJY pOf;pm;wmawG odyfrsm;aeNyD? wcgwav

ESvHk;om;eJY &ifxJu cHpm;csufav;vnf; ajymygOD;}
]ighrSm ESvHk;om;awG? cHpm;csufawG r&Sdbl;xifw,f}
][dkaeYu eifajymwJh igu em;vnfatmif rBudK;pm;bl;qdkwm
bmudk qdkvdkwmvnf;? ig em;vnfatmif BudK;pm;r,fqdk&ifaum}
]rjzpfEdkifygbl;[m? pdwful;r,OfygeJYawmh? igvnf; ighudk,fig
em;rvnfygbl;}
]ighrSm bmtmrcHcsufrS r&SdvdkY pdwful;,Ofaew,fvdkY ajymwm
vm;? ig tckxdawmh olaX; rjzpfao;bl;aygh[m? igh&JU
pmrsufESm - 229
tvkyfay:u ig tjrwfrxkwfcJhzl;bl;? 'gaMumifh igh pdwfoefY
w,f? eifu csrf;omcsifwmvm;? EdkifiHjcm;rSmrS aecsifwmvm;}
]ig rajymwwfbl;? aocsmwmuawmh ig EdkifiHjcm;udkrS
txifBuD;aewm r[kwfbl;? 'gayrJh olwdkYqDu bGJUurSyJ
vl&m0ifwm r[kwfvm;? olwdkYqDu enf;ynmawGudkyJ igwdkY
oifae&wm r[kwfvm;? ig tckawmh vufawGUususyJ pOf;pm;
awmhw,f? eifvnf; vufawGUusus pOf;pm;yg? ig oGm;yg
&apawmh}
]ighrSm wm;ydkifcGifh r&Sdygbl;av? 'gayrJh wm;csifw,f? eifhudk
b0twGuf tmrcHcsufawG ray;EdkifayrJh pdwfcsrf;csrf;omom
xm;Edkifatmifawmh BudK;pm;rSmyg}
]ig tm;vHk; qHk;jzwf jyifqifNyD;aeNyD? eif ighudk arQmfvifh
raeygeJYawmh? eifhudk arQmfvifhcsufawG ig ray;cJhrdbl;vdkYxifw,f?
eifeJY oifhawmfr,fhol eif&SmawGUrSmyg? eifh ab;em;rSmvnf;
trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyg? iguawmh 'Dwpfouf tdrfaxmifrjyKawmhbl;vdkY
qHk;jzwfvdkufNyD? uJ . . . ig oGm;awmhr,f? eif auseyfygawmh}

pkESif; xGufoGm;onf/ ol cPawmh a,mifcsmcsm jzpfaerd
ao;onf/ pm;yGJxdk;av; 0dkif;vmodrf;rS x xGufvmcJhonf/
'g aemufqHk;yJvm;/ tm;vHk; NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhavNyDvm;/

pmrsufESm - 230
rnDrnm &ifrSmvIyf&Sm;
a00g;tdyfruf
&ufqufnpOf
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om,mnif;ajymif;
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ightm;ac:aqmif
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&ifzdkvIdufarm
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tdyfrufwap
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igwpfa,mufwnf;
usef&pfcJhNyD
ol ta0;qDoGm;awmhrnf . . . . /
pmrsufESm - 231
17
pkESif; xGufrnfh&ufudk avqdyfvdkufydkY&atmif[k 0if;aZmfu

vmajymawmh ol jiif;ao;onf/ tJhonfaeYrSm ol ta&;ay:wGif
24 em&D *sLwDus&uf jzpfaeonf/ vmac:yghrnf? tzGJU
acgif;aqmifudk cGifhawmif;NyD; cPvdkufcJhyg? jyefydkYay;yghrnf

qdkonf/ 'Davmuf &if;ESD;cJhMuwJh oli,fcsif;awG vdkufawmh
EIwfqufoifhonf[k qdkojzifh oabmwlvdkuf&onf/ *sLwD
twlusrnfh tzGJYacgif;aqmifudk BudKwifcGifhawmif;awmh &ygw,f?
oGm;yg[k qdkojzifh vmac:ckdif;vkdufonf/
jzpfcsifawmh tJhonfaeYu ta&;ay:wGif tvkyfawG Iyfae
cJhonf/ ,cifa&mufvmaeus tpmtdrfaygufonfh vlem?
tltwufayguf vlemrsm;tjyif ,mOfwdkufrIwpfckaMumifh
tqkyfxJ aoG;,dkpD;aeonfh vlem? acgif;ckdufrdonfh vlemrsm;jzifh
Iyfae cJhonf/ cGJcef;uac:awmh tzGJUacgif;aqmifu cifAsm;
pmrsufESm - 232
oGm;r,fh tcsdefeD;aeNyD? ukd,fvkyfvdkufyghr,f [kajymNyD; cGJcef;xJ
0ifoGm;onf/ odyfrMumcifrSm "m;xdk;rIjzifh vli,fwpfOD;
aoG;oHw&J&J a&mufvmonf/ Adkufudk xdk;rdxm;onf/
aoG;txGufrsm;ojzifh a&Smh&aeNyD/ aoG;tjrefawmif;NyD;
oGif;&onf/ txJwGif tonf;udk xdxm;yHk&onf/ AdkuftjrefcGJNyD;
xGufaeaom aoG;aMumudk xdef;EdkifrS touf&Sifrnfjzpfojzifh
tjrefqHk; cGJcef;xJoGif;NyD; cGJ&rnf/ tjyifrSm usefaeolu
vufaxmuf q&m0efi,f uav;rsm;ESifh a[mufpfqm*sifrsm;om/
tzGJUacgif;aqmifuvnf; cGJaewkef; wef;vef;/ onfawmh ol
cGJ&awmhrnf/ 0if;aZmfwdkY vmrnfajymonfhtcsdefuvnf; eD;aeNyD/
rwwfEdkifawmh/ olyJ cGJcef;xJ0if&awmhonf/
AdkufudkzGifhvkdufawmh aoG;awGu olYtay: vQHusonf/
aoG;tdkifMum;xJrSmyif tonf;udkprf;NyD; "m;xdk;rdxm;aomae&mukd
vufjzifh t&if zdxm;awmhrS aoG;xGufwm twefNidrfoGm;onf/
cGJaepOfrSmvnf; aoG;rsm; tjrefoGif;&onf/ onfawmhrS
aoG;aygifcsdefvnf; jyefwufvmonf/ NyD;awmhrS "m;xdxm;aom
ae&mudk jyefcsKyf&onf/ jyify "m;'Pf&muom ao;aomfvnf;

xdk;pOfrSm "m;udk uvefYvdkufyHk&onf/ twGif; 'Pf&mu
tawmfBuD;onf/ cufcufcJcJ jyefcsKyf,l&onf/ cGJNyD;csdefrSm em&D
Munhfvdkufawmh tcsdefvGefoGm;cJhNyD/ ayusHaeaom aoG;rsm;
aq;aMumNyD; tjyifjyefxGufvmawmh a[mufpfqm*sifav;rsm;u
qD;BudKajymonf/ trsKd;om;wpfa,mufESifh trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf
q&mhudk vmac:onf/ xdkifapmifh aeMuao;onf/ aemuf
rapmifhEdkifawmhvdkY jyefoGm;MuonfwJh/ onftcsdefwGif
av,mOfvnf; xGufoGm;avmufayNyD/ atmf . . . uHMurmu
onfvdkyJ zefvmonfudk;/ bmrS qufpOf;pm; raetm;yg/
pmrsufESm - 233
aemufxyfcGJ&ef vlemrsm;u wef;pDaeonf/ tzGJUacgif;aqmifESifh
ol wpfa,mufwpfvSnfh cGJcef;0ifvdkuf&m naearSmifpysKd;rSyif
&Sif;oGm;onf/ ESpfa,mufvHk; aeUvnfpmxrif;vGwfoGm;Muonf/
oifwef;umvrsm;onf ol\ b@ma&; tEIwfvuPm
jyaom umvrsm;jzpfonf/ ukefaps;EIef;u w&dyf&dyf
wufvmonf/ bmrQ tydkroHk;&ygbJvsuf pkaqmif;xm;onfh
aiGu yg;oxuf yg;vmonf/ vufaxmufq&m0ef vpmrSvGJ
tjcm;0ifaiG r&Sd/ wpfvwpfv &aom 0efxrf;vcu b,fvdkrS
ravmuf/ aq;Hk toGm;tjyefESifh aeYvnf xrif;zdk;twGufyif
ravmufiSojzifh tarhxHrS jyef,l&wm jzpfvmonf/ &Hzef&Hcg
oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh qdkifxdkifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf wpfcgrQ ydkufqH
r&Sif;Edkif/ oli,fcsif;rsm;u tvdkufwod &Sif;oGm;Muonfcsnf;
jzpfonf/ olYtaMumif; odxm;olrsm; jzpfojzifh jyemr&Sd/
q&m0efwpfa,muf vkyfaeNyD; tdwfxJydkufqH r&Sdonfudk &Sufp&m
[k pdwfxJrxm;rd/ rsufESmi,fonf[kvnf; rcHpm;rdyg/ 24 em&D
*sLwDqif;&vnf; yifyef;onf rxifrd/ *sLwD&ufrsm;wGif
rsm;aomtm;jzifh reufpmqdkvnf; 2em&D 3em&D? npmqdkvnf; 11

em&D 12 em&DcefYrS pm;&onf/ wpfcgw&H rkefYrQjzifh NyD;oGm;onf/
aq;HkBuD; ta&;ay:Xmeonf tNrJvdkvdk pnfum;
aewwfonf/ Adkufatmifh Adkufemvmolrsm;? xdcdkuf'Pf&m
&vmolrsm;? a&m*gaygif;pHk? vlaygif;pHk/ txl;ojzifhawmh vlvwf
wef;pm;ESifh qif;&Jom;rsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYvmvQif a&m*gomru
vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; jyemrsm;yg ,lvmwwfonf/ aq;0,f&ef
ydkufqHr&Sdjcif;? vlemapmifh rxm;Edkifjcif;/ wcgw&Husawmh
ADGtdkifyD jzpfaeojzifh txufrS cPcP zkef;qufaejcif;? . . . .
pmrsufESm - 234
cufonfu EdkifiHjcm;kyf&SifawGxJuvdk vlem aq;HkvmvQif
vlem&Sifu tjyifu xdkifapmifhHkESifh rNyD;jcif;jzpfonf/ &SdorQ
vlemudp t00udk cGJpdwfrIuvGJ vlem&Sifuvkyf&onf/
vdktyfaom aq;0,f&ef? vdktyfaom apmifjcifaxmif
acgif;tkH;rsm;? vlem a&TUajymif;jcif;wGif tvkyform;udk ul&ef?
aoG;oGif;&efvdkvQif aoG;&Sm&ef? vlemapmifh&ef? vlem
tnpftaMu;pGefYonfh udprsm; twGuf pDpOf&ef ponfwdkYudk
vkyf&ef vlemapmifhvdkonf/ vlemapmifh r&SdvQifaomf
vnf;aumif;? rwwfEdkifvQifaomf vnf;aumif; tawmf'ku
a&muf&onf/ tapmifhryg ydkufqHrygaom vlemrsm;
a&mufvmvQif q&mru q&m MunhfhvkyfOD; q&mhvlemu bmrS
rygbl;[k olwdkYvufxJ xdk;xnfhwwfonf/ tvkyform;rsm;
uvnf; xdkvlemrsKd; tem;qdkvQif odyfruyfcsifMu/ onfawmh
tm;vHk;udk acsmharmhNyD;ckdif;&onf/ tvkyform; rsm;udk
rkefYzdk;ay;wef ay;&onf/ q&mrrsm;udk vufzuf&nf wdkufwef
wdkuf&onf/ aq;ukvnf; ay;&onf/ Am[D&udprsm;
twGufvnf; pDpOfay;&wwfao;onf/ xdktcgrsKd;rSm tvGef

pdwfIyf&avonf/
aq;HkrSm aq;udk,fwdkif 0,f&efrvdkonfh vlem ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/
yxrwpfrsKd;u vHk;0qif;&JNyD; ydkufqHwpfjym;rS rygol/ aemuf
wpfrsKd;uawmh csrf;omaomfvnf; ydkufqH wwfEdkifaomfvnf;
olu 0,fcdkif;csifaomfvnf; tkyfcsKyfolrsm;u olrsKd;vmvQif
vHk;0 aq;r0,fcdkif;&qdkaom olrsm;jzpfonf/ 'gvnf; pdwfIyf
p&mwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tcsdefra&G; jyem wufvmEdkifonf/
odkYaomf 0goemygonfh tvkyfudk vkyfae&ojzifh aysmfawmh
aysmfygao;onf/
pmrsufESm - 235
&yfuGufxJrSm aq;cef; rxdkifaomfvnf; q&m0efrSef;
odMuonf/ onfawmh vmvmjyMuojzifh tvum; Munhfay;
&ao;onf/ aq;cef;r[kwfbl;? Munhfray;Ekdifbl;[k rnfodkY
ajymxGufrnfenf;/ prf;oyfMunhfNyD; aomufyHkaomufenf;ESifh
twl aq;a&;ay;vdkufonf/ aq;qdkifrSm 0,faomufaya&mh/
ydkufqHawmh wpfjym;rS ,lraeyg/ jyemwpfcku vlemawGu
ola&;ay;vdkufonfh aq;emrnfyg pm&Gufuav;awG odrf;xm;NyD;
pdwfxifovdk 0,f0,faomufaeawmhonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh
b,ftxl;ukq&m0efESifh jy&ifaumif;rvJ vmwdkifyif
wwfMuonf/
aemuf'kuwpfcku ntdyfaumif;aepOf vmEId; cH&jcif;
jzpfonf/ aq;cef;vnf; rzGifh? e,frSmvdk q&m0efwpfOD;
wnf;&Sdaom ae&mr[kwfygyJvsuf nzufvmEId;cH&jcif;rSm tawmf
pdwfnpfzdkYaumif;onf/ *sLwDrusonfh &ufuav;om tdrfrSm
em;&onfudk aESmuf,SufcH&awmh enf;enf;awmh a'go
jzpfrdonf/ tem;ywf0ef;usifwGif aq;cef;rsm; r&Sm;yg;yg/
uGrf;,mqdkifrsm;ESifh ta&twGuf nDvkeD;yg; &Sdygonf/ okdYaomf

xdkq&m0efrsm;u aq;cef;xdkifHkom vmxdkifaom q&m0efrsm;
jzpfonf/ nzuf aq;cef;ydwfNyD; tdrfjyefMuonf/ onfawmh
nzuf tdrfrSm&Sdonf aocsmaom olYudk vmEId;awmhonf/
armif;xkwfvdkYvnf; raumif;ojzifh vdkufMunhfay;&wwfonf/
wpfcgwpf&H udk,fwdkifvdkufNyD; aq;Hk vdkufwifay;&wwf
ao;onf/ aus;Zl;awGawmh twifcH&onfaygh/
oifwef;uvnf; wu,fqdk pdwfysufzG,f aumif;vSonf/
q&mBuD; trsm;pkrSm ti,frsm;udk avhusifhoifMum;ay;zdkY
acgif;xJ r&SdMu/ if;wdkY tjypfcsnf;yJawmh r[kwf/ rdom;pkta&;?
pmrsufESm - 236
pm;0wfaea&;? ae&mwnfNrJa&;awGudk vHk;yef;aeMu&ojzifh
'DudpawG acgif;xJ rxnfhEdkifwmvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ rsm;aom
tm;jzifhawmh oifwef;vmrwufrDu tawGUtBuHK&SdcJhvQif &SdcJh/
r&SdcJhol tzdkYawmh oifwef;onf wdk;wufvmatmif bmrQ
ray;Edkif/ vnfolpm;pwrf; acwfBuD;jzpfaeonf/ aocsmpOf;pm;
MunhfrnfqdkvQif aemifrsKd;qufrsm;twGuf &ifav;p&mjzpfonf/
yxrqHk; wm0efusaom aq;HkrS q&mrsm;udk aus;Zl;wifrdonf/
NyD;awmh e,fNrdKUuav;rS vlemrsm;? wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfcGifh
&atmif tvkyfxGufoGm;onfh NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;/ xdkolwdkY
aMumifhom tawGUtBuHKrsm; &cJhNyD; oifwef;rSm rsufESmri,f&jcif;
jzpfonf/
onfvdkESifh aq;Hk? tdrf? cGJcef;? pmoifcef;rsm; tMum;
usifvnf&if; oHk;ESpfoHk;rdk; ukefvGefcJh&jyefonf/

oifwef;wdkY NyD;qHk;cJhNyD/ olYtwGuf uHaumif;onfu oifwef;

tNyD;umvwGif olav;pm;&onfh ygarmuq&mBuD;\ taqmif
wGif wm0efuscJhjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkumvrsm;uawmh olYtwGuf
taysmf&Tif&qHk; umvrsm; jzpfcJhonf/ olYtxuf pDeD,m trsm;pk
uvnf; aumif;Muonf/ q&mBuD;\ tkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGif
aysmfaysmfyg;yg; tvkyfvkyfMu&onf/ rauseyfol tcsKdUawmh
&Sdonf/ olwdkYvdk *sLeD,mrsm;udk vkyfydkifcGifhrsm; ay;xm;jcif;udk
rBudKufolrsm; &Sdonf/ 0g'hfxJrS tjrwfxkwfvdkol? 0g'hfudk
tydkifpm; vkyfvdkolrsm;uawmh q&mBuD;\ tkyfcsKyfyHkudk
rauseyfMu/
pmrsufESm - 237
0g'hfxJwGif q&mBuD;NyD;vQif uxdursm;? vufaxmuf
uxdursm;? olwdkYvdk oifwef;NyD;NyD;om; pDeD,m? *sLeD,mrsm;?
vufaxmufq&m0efrsm; ponfjzifh tqifhqifh trsm;BuD;&Sdonf/
q&mBuD;u if;\ First Assistant tjzpf pDeD,mxJrS wpfa,muf
udk xm;onf/ xdk First Assistant rS q&m0efrsm; wm0efus
Z,m; a&;qGJ&onf/ olwdkYu 0g'fh\ ta&;ay:cGJpdwf&uf vlem
wif&ufrsm; ta&;ay:XmewGif tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0ef
,l&onf/ yifrcGJcef;twGuf vlemwifpm&if;udk uxduwpfOD;rS
ppfaq;NyD; rnfol cGJ&rnfudk tvSnfhus xnfhoGif;ay;onf/
q&mBuD;u twnfjyKonf/ onfawmh tm;vHk; tvSnfhus
tcGifhta&;&onf/ tcsKdUu rauseyfMu/ olwdkYvdk ti,frsm;udk
OD;pm;ay;vGef;onf[k qdkMuonf/ t"duuawmh vkyfcsifovdk
vkyf r&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYaomf q&mBuD;\ cdkifrmaom
pnf;urf;rsm; rQwrSefuefaom pepfrsm;aMumifh rauseyf
aomfvnf; rajym&JMu/
xdktcsdefrsm;wGif ol ynmawG trsm;BuD;&onf/ pDeD,m
trsm;pkuvnf; if;wdkY cGJ&onfrSm 0aeNyDjzpfojzifh olYudk tcGifh

ta&;awG trsm;BuD;ay;onf/ if;wdkY trnfESifh cGJcef;pm&if;
xGufxm;onfh cGJpdwfrIrsm;udkyif olYudk cGJcGifhay;onf/ oluvnf;
wwfcsifaeolqdkawmh tm;BudK;rmefwuf vkyfonf/ yxr
vufaxmufq&m0efonf olYESifh touf tenf;i,fom uGmol
jzpfNyD; aysmfaysmfaewwfonf/ olESifh tqifajyonf/ olYudk
nDwpfa,mufvdk oabmxm;onf/ ckdif;p&m&Sdvnf; cdkif;onf/
tcGifhta&;vnf; ay;onf/ onfawmh xdkumvrsm;u taqmif
xJrS cGJvlemrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh olYvuf&mrsm;
jzpfukefawmhonf/ yifawmh tawmfyifyef;avonf/
pmrsufESm - 238
reuf vltjynfhtMuyf bwfpfum;udk wdk;a0SUpD;/ 8 em&Drxdk;rD
acR;oHw&TJ&TJESifh aq;Hka&muf/ 0g'fhudk q&mBuD; round rvSnfhrD
tajy;tvTm; vSnfhxm;/ vufaxmufq&m0efrsm;ESifh a[mufpf
qm*sifrsm;udk vkyfp&mrsm;rSm/ ta&;ay:wGif 24 em&D*sLwD &SdvQif
ta&;ay:udkqif;/ odkYr[kwf yifrcGJcef;&ufqdkvQif cGJcef;0if/
r[kwfvQif q&mBuD; round vSnfhonfudk apmifhNyD; vlemrsm;
taMumif; wifjy/ q&mBuD; nTefMum;onfrsm;udk vdkufvkyf/
nae wpfcg vltjynfh bwfpfum;udkpD;NyD; tdrfjyef/ pae
we*FaEGvnf; reufvm round vSnfhNyD; xl;jcm;rI&SdvQif yxr
vufaxmufudk zkef;quf taMumif;Mum;NyD; vkdtyfovdkvkyf/
ta&;ay:cGJp&m&SdvQif cGJay;cJh/ aq;HkESifhtdrf? tdrfESifhaq;Hk
tvkyfxJwGif epfNrKyfaeonfrSm wpfcg wpfcg tdrfrufxJrSmyif
aq;HktvkyfawG vkyfaevdkufao;onf/ aemufaeY b,fvlemudk
bmvkyfp&m &SdonfwdkYudk tdyfcgeD; pOf;pm;aerdonftxd jzpf
avonf/
0g'fhxJwGifvnf; ol emrnf&vmonf/ vlemrsm;u wpfckck
qdkvQif olYudk OD;wnfNyD; vmMuonf/ 0g'fhxJrSm jyem

wpfckckqdkvQif yxrvufaxmufuvnf; olYudkom oGm;&Sif;
vdkufygOD;Asm[k ckdif;wwfonf/ odkYaomf tusKd;tjrwf r&yg/
&Hzef&Hcg tcsKdUvlemrsm; vmuefawmhonfh ykqdk;av; bmav;
rsm;awmh &Sdwwfonf/
xdktcsdefu tvkyfvkyf&onfrSm pdwfcsrf;omp&maumif;onf/
pdwfoGm;wdkif; ukd,fygonf/ qif;&Jom;vlemrsm;udk aq;rsm;
tvum;ay;Edkifonf/ 0g'hfxJwGif q&mBuD;udk MunfndKojzifh
vmvSLxm;Muaom aq;rsm; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ tvSLaiG
rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ xdkaq;ESifh tvSLaiGrsm;udk yxr vufaxmuf
pmrsufESm - 239
q&m0efu pm&if;ESifhwuG xdef;odrf;&onf/ wu,fvdktyfaom
vlemtwGufqdkvQif yxrvufaxmufxHrS awmif;NyD; oHk;Hkom/
vlemqif;&J ydkufqHrwwfEdkif rcGJ& aq;ruk& r&Sd qdkonfrSm
xdk0g'fhtwGuf trSefjzpfonf/ vlemrsm;twGuf trSefwu,f
oHk;rSef;odawmh tvSL&Sifuvnf; r&Sm;/ tcsKdUtvSL&Sifrsm;u
olwdkYudk qufoG,f&ef zkef;eHygwfrsm; ay;xm;avh&Sdonf/
tu,f ta&;ay: vdktyfvQif qufoG,fNyD; tvSLcHEdkifonf/
aemuf pdwfcsrf;omp&mwpfckrSm pDeD,m*sLeD,m qufqHa&;
jzpfonf/ tcsKdUrSvGJ tm;vHk;aumif;Muonf/ ti,frsm;udk
tcGifhta&;ay;onf/ cGJpdwfrIqdkonfrSm tjcm;ukoenf;rsm;ESifh
rwl/ pmawGUESifhrNyD;/ vufawGUyg&onf/ vufawGUawmifrS
vufaxmuftul vkyf&jcif;ESifh udk,fwdkifvkyf&jcif; uGmjcm;onf/
udk,fwdkifvkyf&rS wu,fwwfjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm; taqmifrsm;
wGif pDeD,mBuD;rsm;u cGJpdwfrIrsm;udk vuf0g;BuD; tkyfxm;avh
&Sdonf/ ti,frsm;udk ay;rvkyf/ onfawmh ti,frsm; ynmr&/
rwwf/ onfawmh tjcm;taqmifrsm;rSm wm0efusolrsm;
xGufayguf&SmMuonf/
acwftqufquf q&m0efrsm; EdkifiHjcm;xGufjcif;onf txl;
tqef; r[kwfcJh/ Brain drainage bmnmqdkNyD; ajymqdk
aeMuonfrSm tawmfMumcJhNyD jzpfonf/ olY oli,fcsif;
tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; EdkifiHjcm; a&mufukefMuNyD/ odkYaomf xdk
xGufoGm;Muolrsm;rSm ausmif;NyD;uwnf;u aomfvnf;aumif;?
tvkyfr0ifyJ aomfvnf;aumif; xGufoGm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/
acwfumvajymif;vmawmh tvkyf0ifNyD;rS EdkifiHjcm;xGufolrsm;
vnf; &Sdvmonf/ ,ckawmh txl;uk q&m0efrsm;yif EdkifiHjcm;odkY
tvHk;t&if;jzifh xGufonfrsm; jzpfvmonf/ olYudkvnf;
pmrsufESm - 240
oli,fcsif;rsm;u rxGufbl;vm; ar;Muonf/ EdkifiHjcm;
a&mufaeonfh oli,fcsif;rsm;u ac:Muonf/ olu pdwful;
r&SdaMumif;om ajymvkdufonf/ [kwfonf/ tjcm;EdkifiHwpfckwGif
oGm;aezdkYqdkonfrSm awG;Munfhvdkyif r&/ ukd,fhEdkifiH r[kwf?
udk,fhbmompum; r[kwf? udk,fhvlrsKd; r[kwf... ar;vmolrsm;udk
b,fawmhrS oGm;rSmr[kwfbl; [komajzjzpfonf/
wu,fawmh 0goemvnf;yg ynmvnf; &ojzifhom vkyfae
&onf/ Mumav Mumav &yfwnfzdkY cufcJvmav jzpfonf/
xdkYtjyif pdwfaumif;&Sdolrsm;vnf; wjznf;jznf; &Sm;yg;vmonf/
odkYaomfvnf; taxGtxl; rpOf;pm;xm;/ ,ckvuf&Sd aevdkY
&aeonf/ tvkyfrSm ydkufqHr&aomfvnf; ynm&aeonf/
tcsdefwefvQif e,fNrdKUuav;wpfckckodkY oGm;zdkYom pOf;pm;xm;cJh
onf/ &orQaygh[k oabmxm;rdonf/
odkYaomfvnf; tajctaeawGu wpfrsKd;ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/

wESpfcGJcefYtMumwGif olav;pm;&onfh q&mBuD;u oufjynfh

yifpif,lonf/ wu,fu q&mBuD;udk oufwrf;wdk;NyD; qufcefY
onf/ q&mBuD;u rvkyfvdkawmh[k jiif;NyD; yifpif,ljcif;jzpfonf/
ESajrmzdkY aumif;vSonf/ q&mBuD;uawmh aysmfaysmfyJjzpfonf/
at;at;aq;aq;yJ aeawmhrnf[k ajymonf/ q&mBuD;\
ae&mwGif aemuf ygarmuq&mBuD;wpfOD; a&mufvmonf/ olY
twGufuawmh b,folvmvm ta&;rBuD;yg/ udk,fhtvkyfudk,f
wm0efausatmif vkyfaevQif NyD;wmyJ[kom oabmxm;onf/
pmrsufESm - 241
e*dkuwnf;u zmodzmom aewwfolqdkawmh topfa&mufvmol
udkvnf; txl;taxG EIwfquf raerdacs/ vdktyfonf[kvnf;
rxifrd/ odkYaomf ol b,fvdkrS rarQmfvifhonfhudprsm; jzpfvm
cJhonf/
xdkq&mBuD; a&mufNyD; av;ig;&ufcefY tMumwGifjzpfonf/
xdkaeYrSm q&mBuD; 0g'fh pvSnfhonf/ olwdkYvnf; xHk;pHtwdkif;
aemufrSvdkuf&if; vlem tajctaersm;udk ajymjyMuonf/
vSnfhae&if;rS bmpdwful;aygufonfrod/ onf0g'fhudk pdwfwdkif;
rusaMumif;? rvmrDuwnf;u owif;awG Mum;ae&aMumif;?
,ckrS atmifcgp aygufpersm; vkyfcsif&m vkyfaeonf[k owif;
&aMumif;? if;vufxufwGif xdkodkYvTwfxm;rnf r[kwfaMumif;
awG ajymonf/ txl;ojzifh olYudk emrnfwyfNyD; ajymavonf/
ol tHhMoojzifh bmjyefajym&rSef;yif rod/ ajymaeonfh tcsuf
tvufrsm;uvnf; rrSef/ b,fub,fvdk Mum;xm;onf rod/
taqmifwm0efcH ygarmu q&m0efBuD;tqifh qdkonfrSm olYvdk
tqifhESifh tvGefuGmygonf/ olESifh NydKifbuf r[kwfyg/
Mum;xJwGif uxdursm;? vufaxmufuxdursm;? pDeD,mrsm;

rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ olvnf; BudKufovdk vkyfcsifovdk vkyfvdkYr&yg/
,cifu q&mBuD;\ pnf;urf;rsm;u kwfw&ufMunhfvQif
ayghavQmhoa,mif xif&aomfvnf; tvGefynmygonf/
tqifhqifh BuD;MuyfuGyfuJcdkif;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh
tjrwfxkwf aiG&Smrnfholrsm;udk taqmifxJwGif vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
r&Sdatmif xdef;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,cku olYudk emrnfwyfNyD;
ajymvmonfqdkawmh rnfodkYem;vnf&rSef; rod/
odkYaomf tBuD;ESifh ti,fqdkawmh bmrS xl;xl;axGaxG jyefajym
raeyg/ udk,fhtvkyfudk,f rSefrSefuefuef qufvkyfjyvQif tcsdef
pmrsufESm - 242
wefvQif em;vnfvmvdrfhrnf[k ,lqrdonf/ odkYaomf r[kwf/
rMumcPqdkovdk olwpfOD;wnf;udk uGuf tjypfwifjcif;?
qlyljcif;rsm; vkyfvmonf/ uxdu? vufaxmufuxdursm;udk
touft&G,ft& rajymrqdkcsif[kqdkvQif vufcHygonf/ ,cku
0g'fhxJwGif olxuf tenf;i,fomBuD;olrsm;? olESifh &G,fwlrsm;?
olYxuf ti,frsm; rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ aocsmonfu olYxuf BuD;ol
rsm;xJwGif ydkvufaumif;ol ydkawmfol &Sdaomfvnf; &G,fwl
rsm;ESifh ti,frsm;xJwGif olxufnHholom &Sdonf/ onfxJrSmrS
olUudkom jyemvkyfaejcif;jzpfonf/
0g'fhxJ vlemvSnfhMunhfvQif 'gb,folcGJxm;wmvJ ar;onf/
tjcm;olrsm; cGJxm;onfqdkvQif bmBuD;jzpfae jzpfae odyfrajym/
ol cGJxm;wmyg[k qkdvQif r&Sd &Sdonfh tjypf&Smawmhonf/ yHkpHwl
a&m*gwl vlemESpfOD; cGJpdwfrIyHkpHwludk olu wpfa,mufudk
cGJonf/ olYxuf tenf;i,fBuD;olu tjcm;wpfa,mufudk
cGJonf/ aemufaeYvSnfhawmh olcGJxm;onfhvlemrSm bmrQ xl;xl;
jcm;jcm; jyemr&SdvS/ 'gudkyif olcGJxm;rSef;odawmh [dk[mu
yHkpHrusbl;? 'D[mu yHkpHrusbl; vkyfaeao;onf/ aemuf

wpfa,mufqDa&mufonf/ yHkpHwla&m*g yHkpHwlcGJpdwfrI/ xdkvlemudk
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pmrsufESm - 243
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pmrsufESm - 244
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pmrsufESm - 245
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pmrsufESm - 246
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pmrsufESm - 247
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pmrsufESm - 248
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pmrsufESm - 249
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pmrsufESm - 250
18
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pmrsufESm - 251
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pmrsufESm - 252
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pmrsufESm - 253
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pmrsufESm - 254
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pmrsufESm - 257
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pmrsufESm - 258
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pmrsufESm - 259
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usL;ypfwdkU\ woufwm b0rSwfwrf;rsm;
Nidrf;Edkif

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