Design of Block Foundation For Low Frequency Reciprocating

VMS
BLOCK FOUNDATION FOR RECIPROCATING MACHINERY Dt.12/02/2017

y DESIGN OF BLOCK FOUNDATION FOR LOW FREQUENCY RECIPROCATING z
Px = 9 t
My = 0.0 tm
O x
O x y
Elem Dimensions Weight Mass Coord. of c.g. Static moment Mass Moment Of xoi = yoi = zoi = mi X mi X mi X
of elem. of elem.@ O of mass Inertia* (x-xi) (y-yi) (z-zi) (xoi +zoi ) (xoi +yoi ) (yoi2+zoi2)
2 2 2 2
lxi lyi lzi wi mi xi yi zi mixi miyi mizi Ixx1 Iyy1 Izz1

(m) (m) (m) (t) (t.sec /m) (m)
2
(m) (m) (m )
4
(m )
4
(m4)
Ftg 3.90 2.580 0.450 11.320 1.1539 1.95 1.290 0.225 2.25 1.49 0.26 0.660 1.482 2.103 0.038 0.000 0.843 0.8223 0.0017 0.8206
Pdst 3.30 1.680 1.84 25.502 2.5996 1.95 1.290 1.370 5.07 3.35 3.56 1.345 3.093 2.971 0.038 0.000 0.302 0.2405 0.0038 0.2366
1.14 1.680 0.285 1.360 0.1386 0.87 1.290 2.430 0.12 0.18 0.34 0.034 0.016 0.048 1.042 0.000 1.362 0.4074 0.1504 0.2570
38.182 3.892 7.44 5.02 4.16 2.038 4.590 5.121 1.4702 0.0056 1.0572
(Density of concrete considered as 2.5 t/m3)
Centre of gravity wrt O:

x = e mixi / e mi 1.9115 m * Ixx1= mi/12 ( Iyi2 + Izi2)
y = e miyi / e mi 1.2900 m * Iyy1= mi/12 ( Ixi2 + Izi2)
z = e mizi / e mi 1.0683 m * Izz1= mi/12 ( Ixi2 + Iyi2)
Eccentricity of common c.g. wrt centroid of base area:

ex = 0.986 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE
ey = 0.000 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE
Since eccentricities are within permissible limits, the vertical vibration is considered independent of horizontal vibration and rocking.
Coefficient of elastic uniform compression for vertical translotory mode, Cz 2000 t/m3
Coefficient of elastic non uniform compression for rocking mode, Cq 4000 t/m3
Coefficient of elastic uniform shear for horizontal translotory mode, Ct 1000 t/m3
Coefficient of elastic non uniform shear for twisting (or yawing) mode, Cy 1500 t/m3
There are 4 types of modes of vibration:
VMS
MODE 1: VERTICAL TRANSLATION
For foundations resting on soil;

wz2 = Cz Af / m 5170.4 sec-2
Operating freq. of machine, fm 1500 rpm = 25.00 cps

Angular frequency, wm 157.00 sec-2
wm2 24649 sec-2
Dynamic Vertical force of excitation, Pz = Pvd 219.5 t
Vertical Amplitude, az = Pz / ( m ( wz2-wm2 ) ) 2.8953 mm (absolute value)

> 0.2mm, Therefore CHECK
MODE 2: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN Y- Z PLANE

i.e. Sliding along y axis and rocking about x axis
Mass moment of inertia @ xx axis, jx = e Ixx1 + e mi(yoi2+zoi2) 3.0952 t.m/sec2
Mass moment of inertia about the axis passing through centroid, jox = jx + mz2 7.5371 t.m/sec2
ax = jx / jox 0.4107
Moment of inertia of the base area @ xx axis passing thru the c.g. Ixx = LB3 / 12 5.5814 m4
Limiting Frequencies:
w qx2 = ( CqIxx - Wz ) / jox 2956.7 sec-2
wy2 = CtAf / m 2585.2 sec-2
Coupled Natural Frequencies:
wn12 = 1/(2ax) [ w qx2 + wy2 + sqrt { ( w qx2+wy2 )2 - 4 w qx2 wy2 ax } ] 11936 sec-2
wn22 = 1/(2ax) [ w qx2 + wy2 - sqrt { ( w qx2+wy2 )2 - 4 w qx2 wy2 ax } ] 1559.5 sec-2
The corresponding natural frequencies are:

VMS
fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 17.397 cps

fn2 = wn2 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 6.2882 cps
0.8* fm 20 cps
The higher of the two frequencies is less than 0.8 times the operating frequency hence there are no chances of resonance.
Amplitudes
f(wm2) = jx m [ { (wn1)2 - (wm)2 } { (wn2)2 - (wm)2 ) ] 4E+09
Horizontal Amplitude = ay = [ Cq Ixx - W S + Ct Af S2 - jx (wm)2 } Px + Ct Af S Mz ] 1 / f(wm2)

-111.83 micrometers
Rotational Amplitude = aqx = [ Ct Af S Px + ( Ct Af - m (wm)2 ) Mz ] 1 / f(wm2) 28.3 micrometers
Total height H of footing and pedestal 2.290 m
Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ay + ( H - S ) aqx -0.077 mm

< 0.2mm, Therefore, SAFE
MODE 3: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN X- Z PLANE

i.e. Sliding along x axis and rocking about y axis
Mass moment of inertia @ yy axis, jy = e Iyy1 + e mi(xoi2+zoi2) 6.061 t.m/sec2
Mass moment of inertia about the axis passing through centroid, joy = jy + mz2 10.503 t.m/sec2
ay = jy / joy 0.5771
Moment of inertia of the base area @ yy axis passing thru the c.g. Iyy = BL3 / 12 12.754 m4
w qy2 = ( CqIyy - Wz ) / joy 4853.4 sec-2
wx2 = CtAf / m 2585.2 sec-2

VMS
wn12 = 1/(2ay) [ w qy2 + wx2 + sqrt { ( w qy2+wx2 )2 - 4 w qy2 wx2 ay } ] 10895 sec-2
wn22 = 1/(2ay) [ w qy2 + wx2 - sqrt { ( w qy2+wx2 )2 - 4 w qy2 wx2 ay } ] 1995.7 sec-2
fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 16.621 cps

fn2 = wn2 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 7.1136 cps
0.8* fm 20 cps
Amplitudes
f(wm2) = jy m [ { (wn1)2 - (wm)2 } { (wn2)2 - (wm)2 ) ] 7E+09
Horizontal Amplitude = ax = [ Cq Iyy - W S + Ct Af S2 - jy (wm)2 } Px + Ct Af S Mz ] 1 / f(wm2)

-110 micrometers
Rotational Amplitude = aqy = [ Ct Af S Px + ( Ct Af - m (wm)2 ) Mz ] 1 / f(wm2) 13.6 micrometers
Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ax + ( H - S ) aqy -0.093 mm

MODE 4: YAWING ABOUT Z - AXIS
Mass moment of inertia @ zz axis, jz = e Izz + e mi(xoi2+yoi2) 5.1263 t.m/sec2
For foundations resting directly on soils, wy 2 = Cy Iz / jz 1498.4 sec-2
Dynamic Torsional moment, To 1.38 tm
Amplitude, ay = 1 / ( wy 2-wm2 ) To To / jz 0.0160 mm absolute

CHECK FOR STATIC EQUIVALENT LOADS :

VMS
Staitc Vertical Load, Pv 9.3 t

Dynamic Vertical Load, Pvd 219.5 t
Dynamic Shear loads along X

Fdx = 3 Ct Af ax -3.3204 t
Dynamic Shear loads along Y

Fdy = 3 Ct Af ay -3.3758 t
Dynamic Moment at base along X

Mdx = 3 Cq Ixx aqx 1.8933 tm
Dynamic Moment at base along Y

Mdy = 3 Cq Iyy aqy 2.0816 tm
Length of footing base 3.90 m

Width of footing base 2.58 m
Total height of concrete block, H 2.290 m
Area of footing base, A 10.062 m2

Zxx of footing base 4.3267 m3
Zyy of footing base 6.5403 m3
Total Vertical load, P = Pv + Pvd 228.80 t

Total Moment, Mx = H Fdx + Mx -5.7104 tm
Total Moment, My = H Fdy + My -5.6491 tm
Maximum Base Pressure, P/A + Mx/Zxx + My/Zyy 20.555 t/m2

Minimum Base Pressure, P/A - Mx/Zxx - My/Zyy 24.92 t/m2
VMS
y DESIGN OF BLOCK FOUNDATION FOR LOW FREQUENCY RECIPROCATING z
Px = 40 t
My = 182.8 tm
O x
O x y
2 2 2 2

(m) (m) (m) (t) (t.sec /m) (m)
2
(m) (m) (m )
4
(m )
4
(m4)
Ftg 8.50 4.700 0.500 49.938 5.0905 4.25 2.350 0.250 21.6 12 1.27 9.477 30.755 40.02 0.000 0.000 1.781 16.1498 0.0000 16.1498
Pdst 5.00 1.200 5.3 79.500 8.1040 4.25 2.350 3.150 34.4 19 25.5 19.943 35.853 17.86 0.000 0.000 1.119 10.1444 0.0000 10.1444
129.438 13.194 56.1 31 26.8 29.42 66.61 57.88 26.2943 0.0000 26.2943
(Density of concrete considered as 2.5 t/m )
3


ex = ( 8.5/2 ~ x ) 100 / 8.5 0.000 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE
ey = ( 4.7/2 ~ y ) 100 / 4.7 0.000 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE

VMS

wz2 = Cz Af / m 6055.6 sec-2

wm2 4 sec-2

MODE 2: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN Y- Z PLANE

i.e. Sliding along y axis and rocking about x axis
Mass moment of inertia @ xx axis, jx = e Ixx1 + e mi(yoi2+zoi2) ### t.m/sec2
Mass moment of inertia about the axis passing through centroid, jox = jx + mz2 110.15 t.m/sec2
ax = jx / jox 0.5058
Moment of inertia of the base area @ xx axis passing thru the c.g. Ixx = LB3 / 12 73.541 m4
w qx2 = ( CqIxx - Wz ) / jox 2668.2 sec-2
wy2 = CtAf / m 3027.8 sec-2
wn12 = 1/(2ax) [ w qx2 + wy2 + sqrt { ( w qx2+wy2 )2 - 4 w qx2 wy2 ax } ] 9597.1 sec-2
wn22 = 1/(2ax) [ w qx2 + wy2 - sqrt { ( w qx2+wy2 )2 - 4 w qx2 wy2 ax } ] ### sec-2

VMS
fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 15.599 cps
fn2 = wn2 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 6.4961 cps
0.8* fm 0.24 cps
Amplitudes
f(wm2) = jx m [ { (wn1)2 - (wm)2 } { (wn2)2 - (wm)2 ) ] 1E+10
Horizontal Amplitude = ay = [ Cq Ixx - W S + Ct Af S2 - jx (wm)2 } Px + Ct Af S Mz ] 1 / f(wm2)

### micrometers
Rotational Amplitude = aqx = [ Ct Af S Px + ( Ct Af - m (wm)2 ) Mz ] 1 / f(wm2) 899.94 micrometers
Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ay + ( H - S ) aqx 6.224 mm


ay = jy / joy 0.6305
w qy2 = ( CqIyy - Wz ) / joy 6528.3 sec-2
wx2 = CtAf / m 3027.8 sec-2

VMS
wn1 = 1/(2ay) [ w qy + wx + sqrt { ( w qy +wx ) - 4 w qy wx ay } ]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12684 sec-2
fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 17.934 cps

fn2 = wn2 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 7.9163 cps
0.8* fm 0.24 cps
Amplitudes

1561 micrometers
Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ax + ( H - S ) aqy 2.597 mm

MODE 4: YAWING ABOUT Z - AXIS
Mass moment of inertia @ zz axis, jz = e Izz + e mi(xoi2+yoi2) ### t.m/sec2
For foundations resting directly on soils, wy 2 = Cy Iz / jz 1500 sec-2
Dynamic Torsional moment, To 1.38 tm
Amplitude, ay = 1 / ( wy 2-wm2 ) To To / jz 0.0220 mm absolute

CHECK FOR STATIC EQUIVALENT LOADS :

VMS
Staitc Vertical Load, Pv 4.455 t
Dynamic Vertical Load, Pvd 219.5 t
Dynamic Shear loads along X

Fdx = 3 Ct Af ax 187.11 t
Dynamic Shear loads along Y

Fdy = 3 Ct Af ay 339.48 t
Dynamic Moment at base along X

Mdx = 3 Cq Ixx aqx 794.19 tm
Dynamic Moment at base along Y

Mdy = 3 Cq Iyy aqy 793.07 tm
Length of footing base 8.50 m

Width of footing base 4.70 m
Total height of concrete block, H 5.800 m
Area of footing base, A 39.95 m2

Zxx of footing base 31.294 m3
Zyy of footing base 56.596 m3
Total Vertical load, P = Pv + Pvd 223.96 t

Total Moment, Mx = H Fdx + Mx 1879.4 tm
Total Moment, My = H Fdy + My 2762 tm
Maximum Base Pressure, P/A + Mx/Zxx + My/Zyy 114.46 t/m2

Minimum Base Pressure, P/A - Mx/Zxx - My/Zyy ### t/m2
VMS
ILLUSTRATION 1 ON PG 85 OF "HANDBOOK OF MACHINE FOUNDATION" BY P. SRINIVASULU AND C. V. VAIDYANATHAN
y z
Px = 12.0 t
My = 18.7 tm
B
O x
O L x y
2 2 2 2

(m) (m) (m) (t) (t.sec2/m) (m) (m) (m) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 9.50 7.500 0.6

102.600 10.4587 4.75 3.750 0.300 49.7 39.2 3.14 49.339 78.972 127.7 0.003 0.000 0.940 9.2368 0.0001 9.2367
0 0 0 0 36.000 3.6697 3.65 3.75 2.8 13.4 13.8 10.3 0.000 0.000 0 1.097 0.000 1.560 13.3475 4.4142 8.9334
2 8 6 1.6
184.320 18.7890 4.75 3.750 1.400 89.2 70.5 26.3 60.375 104.22 156.6 0.003 0.000 0.160 0.4826 0.0002 0.4824
3A 3.7 2.2 0.4 7.814 0.7966 5.50 5.650 2.400 4.38 4.5 1.91 0.332 0.92 1.23 0.753 1.900 1.160 1.5243 3.3276 3.9479
3B 3.7 2.2 0.4 7.814 0.7966 5.50 1.850 2.400 4.38 1.47 1.91 0.332 0.92 1.23 0.753 1.900 1.160 1.5243 3.3276 3.9479
4 2.5 1.800 1.6-17.280 -1.7615 2.00 3.750 1.400 -3.52 -6.61 -2.47 -0.851 -1.293 -1.393 2.747 0.000 0.160 -13.3349 -13.2896 -0.0452
5 2.80 1.600 1.2-12.902 -1.3152 6.35 3.750 1.600 -8.35 -4.93 -2.1 -0.438 -1.017 -1.14 1.603 0.000 0.360 -3.5514 -3.3807 -0.1707
308.366 31.434 149 118 39 109.09 182.72 284.2 9.2292 -5.6006 26.3324
(Density of concrete considered as 2.4 t/m3)


ex = ( 9.5/2 ~ x ) 100 / 9.5 0.034 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE
ey = ( 7.5/2 ~ y ) 100 / 7.5 0.000 % < 5%, THEREFORE SAFE
VMS

wz2 = Cz Af / m 10200 sec-2

wm2 246 sec-2


ay = jy / joy 0.8
w qy2 = ( CqIyy - Wz ) / joy 20071 sec-2
wx2 = CtAf / m 5100.0 sec-2

VMS
wn1 = 1/(2ay) [ w qy + wx + sqrt { ( w qy +wx ) - 4 w qy wx ay } ]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
26710 sec-2
fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 26.024 cps

fn2 = wn2 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 11.029 cps
0.8* fm 2 cps
Amplitudes

88.06 micrometers
0.0881 mm

0.0072 mm
Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ax + ( H - S ) aqy 0.095 mm


Design of Block Foundation For Low Frequency Reciprocating

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Design of Block Foundation For Low Frequency Reciprocating

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VMS

BLOCK FOUNDATION FOR RECIPROCATING MACHINERY Dt.12/02/2017

lxi lyi lzi wi mi xi yi zi mixi miyi mizi Ixx1 Iyy1 Izz1

Centre of gravity wrt O:

Eccentricity of common c.g. wrt centroid of base area:

For foundations resting on soil;

Operating freq. of machine, fm 1500 rpm = 25.00 cps

Dynamic Vertical force of excitation, Pz = Pvd 219.5 t

Vertical Amplitude, az = Pz / ( m ( wz2-wm2 ) ) 2.8953 mm (absolute value)

MODE 2: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN Y- Z PLANE

Mass moment of inertia @ xx axis, jx = e Ixx1 + e mi(yoi2+zoi2) 3.0952 t.m/sec2

w qx2 = ( CqIxx - Wz ) / jox 2956.7 sec-2

wy2 = CtAf / m 2585.2 sec-2

Coupled Natural Frequencies:

The corresponding natural frequencies are:

fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 17.397 cps

f(wm2) = jx m [ { (wn1)2 - (wm)2 } { (wn2)2 - (wm)2 ) ] 4E+09

Horizontal Amplitude = ay = [ Cq Ixx - W S + Ct Af S2 - jx (wm)2 } Px + Ct Af S Mz ] 1 / f(wm2)

Rotational Amplitude = aqx = [ Ct Af S Px + ( Ct Af - m (wm)2 ) Mz ] 1 / f(wm2) 28.3 micrometers

Total height H of footing and pedestal 2.290 m

Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ay + ( H - S ) aqx -0.077 mm

MODE 3: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN X- Z PLANE

Mass moment of inertia @ yy axis, jy = e Iyy1 + e mi(xoi2+zoi2) 6.061 t.m/sec2

w qy2 = ( CqIyy - Wz ) / joy 4853.4 sec-2

wx2 = CtAf / m 2585.2 sec-2

The corresponding natural frequencies are:

fn1 = wn1 / ( 2 * 3.14 ) 16.621 cps

f(wm2) = jy m [ { (wn1)2 - (wm)2 } { (wn2)2 - (wm)2 ) ] 7E+09

Horizontal Amplitude = ax = [ Cq Iyy - W S + Ct Af S2 - jy (wm)2 } Px + Ct Af S Mz ] 1 / f(wm2)

Rotational Amplitude = aqy = [ Ct Af S Px + ( Ct Af - m (wm)2 ) Mz ] 1 / f(wm2) 13.6 micrometers

Total height H of footing and pedestal 2.290 m

Net horizontal amplitude at base lvl = ax + ( H - S ) aqy -0.093 mm

MODE 4: YAWING ABOUT Z - AXIS

Mass moment of inertia @ zz axis, jz = e Izz + e mi(xoi2+yoi2) 5.1263 t.m/sec2

For foundations resting directly on soils, wy 2 = Cy Iz / jz 1498.4 sec-2

Dynamic Torsional moment, To 1.38 tm

Amplitude, ay = 1 / ( wy 2-wm2 ) To To / jz 0.0160 mm absolute

CHECK FOR STATIC EQUIVALENT LOADS :

Staitc Vertical Load, Pv 9.3 t

Dynamic Shear loads along X

Dynamic Shear loads along Y

Dynamic Moment at base along X

Dynamic Moment at base along Y

Length of footing base 3.90 m

Area of footing base, A 10.062 m2

Total Vertical load, P = Pv + Pvd 228.80 t

Maximum Base Pressure, P/A + Mx/Zxx + My/Zyy 20.555 t/m2

lxi lyi lzi wi mi xi yi zi mixi miyi mizi Ixx1 Iyy1 Izz1

Centre of gravity wrt O:

Eccentricity of common c.g. wrt centroid of base area:

MODE 1: VERTICAL TRANSLATION

For foundations resting on soil;

Operating freq. of machine, fm 18 rpm = 0.30 cps

Dynamic Vertical force of excitation, Pz = Pvd 219.5 t

Vertical Amplitude, az = Pz / ( m ( wz2-wm2 ) ) 2.7488 mm (absolute value)

MODE 2: SLIDING AND ROCKING IN Y- Z PLANE

Mass moment of inertia @ xx axis, jx = e Ixx1 + e mi(yoi2+zoi2) ### t.m/sec2

w qx2 = ( CqIxx - Wz ) / jox 2668.2 sec-2

wy2 = CtAf / m 3027.8 sec-2

Coupled Natural Frequencies:

The corresponding natural frequencies are:

0.8* fm 0.24 cps