SA CHA MY LNH - BNG HNG DN CHUN ON MY LNH

CHN ON V PHNG PHP K THUT SA CHA MY LNH

My nn chy n:
Nguyn nhn:
D gas.
C chi tit bn trong my nn b h.
C cc bulong hay inh vt b lng
Cha tho cc tm vn chuyn
C s tip xc ca 1 ng ny vi ng khc hoc v my
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Rt bt lng gas sc
Thay my nn
Vn cht cc bulng hay vis
Tho cc tm vn chuyn
Nn thng hay c nh ng sao cho khng tip xc vi ng hoc cc chi
tit kim loi khc
Qu lnh
Nguyn nhn:
B iu khin nhit (Thermostat) b h
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra thng mch ca b iu khin nhit v dy dn
My chy lin tc nhng khng lnh
Nguyn nhn:
Thiu gas
ng ng gas lng b cn tr hoc nght
Lc gi b d
Dn lnh b d
Khng khng kh i qua dn lnh
Dn ngng t b d hay b nght mt phn
C khng kh hay kh khng ngng trong my lnh
Khng kh gii nhit khng tun hon
My nn hot ng khng hiu qu
Ti qu nng
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Th x, o Gas, xc Gas, kim tra P ht , x
Thay th chi tit cn tr
Lm sch hay thay
Lm sch
Kim tra qut
Bo tr dn nng
Rt gas ht chn khng v sc gas mi
Tho d cc vt cn dng khng kh gii nhit
Kim tra hiu sut my nn
Kim tra ti
p sut ht thp
Nguyn nhn:
Thiu gas
ng ng gas lng b cn tr hoc nght
Lc gi b d
Dn lnh b d
Khng khng kh i qua dn lnh
Van tit lu b nght
Van tit lu hay ng mao b nght hon ton
Bu cm bin ca van tit lu b x
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Th x
Thay th chi tit cn tr
Lm sch hay thay
Lm sch
Kim tra qut
Thay valve
Thay valve hoc ng mao
Thay valve
p sut ht cao
Nguyn nhn:
D gas
My nn hot ng khng hiu qu
V tr lp cm bin khng ng
Ti qu nng
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Rt bt lng gas sc
Kim tra hiu sut my nn
i v tr lp cm bin
Kim tra ti
p sut nn thp
Nguyn nhn:
Thiu gas
My nn hot ng khng hiu qu
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Th x
Kim tra hiu sut my nn
p sut nn cao.
Nguyn nhn:
D gas
Dn ngng t b bn hay b nght mt phn
C khng kh hay kh khng ngng trong my lnh
Khng kh gii nhit khng tun hon
Nhit ca khng kh hoc nc gii nhit cao
Thiu khng kh hoc nc gii nhit
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Rt bt lng gas sc
Bo tr dn nng
Rt gas ht chn khng v sc gas mi
Tho d cc vt cn dng khng kh gii nhit
Ca my nn ra kim tra, sa cha, thay th.
Kim tra v tng qu trnh gii nhit ln.
My nn chy v dng lin tc do qu ti
Nguyn nhn:
Cun dy contactor my nn b h
in th thp
Thiu gas
D gas
Dn ngng t b d hay b nght mt phn
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra thng mch ca coil v cc tip im
Kim tra in th
Th x
Rt bt lng gas sc
Bo tr dn nng
My chy v ngng lin tc
Nguyn nhn:
Cun dy contactor my nn b h
in th thp
Thiu gas
ng ng gas lng b cn tr hoc nght
D gas
Dn ngng t b d hay b nght mt phn
Van tit lu hay ng mao b nght hon ton
Bu cm bin ca van tit lu b x
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra thng mch ca Coil v cc tip im
Kim tra in th
Th x
Thay th chi tit cn tr
Rt bt lng gas sc
Bo tr dn nng
Thay Valve hoc ng mao
Thay Valve
Qut dn nng khng chy
Nguyn nhn:
Ngn mch hay t dy
B iu khin nhit (thermostat) b h
T in b h hay ngn mch
Cun dy contactor qut b h
ng c qut b ngn mch hay chm v
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra mch in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca b iu khin nhit v dy dn
Kim tra t in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca Coil v cc tip im
Kim tra cch in bng ng h
Qut dn lnh khng chy
Nguyn nhn:
Ngn mch hay t dy
T in b h hay ngn mch
Cun dy contactor qut b h
ng c qut b ngn mch hay chm v
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra mch in bng ng h
Kim tra t in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca Coil v cc tip im
Kim tra cch in bng ng h
My nn v qut dn ngng khng chy
Nguyn nhn:
Ngn mch hay t dy
B iu khin nhit (Thermostat) b h
Cun dy contactor my nn b h
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra mch in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca b iu khin nhit v dy dn
Kim tra thng mch ca coil v cc tip im
My nn khng chy, qut chy
Nguyn nhn:
Ngn mch hay t dy
B iu khin nhit (thermostat) b h
T in b h hay ngn mch
Cun dy contactor my nn b h
My nn b ngn mch hay chm v
My nn b kt
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra mch in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca b iu khin nhit v dy dn
Kim tra t in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca coil v cc tip im
Kim tra cch in bng ng h
Ca my nn ra kim tra, sa cha, thay th.
My khng chy
Nguyn nhn:
Khng c in ngun
t cu ch hoc vasitor
Lng mi ni in
Ngn mch hay t dy
Thit b an ton m
Bin th b h
Phng php & k thut sa cha:
Kim tra in th
Kim tra c v loi cu ch
Kim tra mi ni in xit cht li
Kim tra mch in bng ng h
Kim tra thng mch ca thit b bo v
Kim tra mch iu khin bng ng h
CHN ON S C MY LNH BNG TRC QUAN
a s ngi dng my lnh u khng hiu nhiu v my lnh, nn c th
v mt l do n gin no my khng lnh, ngi s dng khng bit
cch khc phc dn n h hng nng hn.
Bi vit ny nhm gip ngi s dng cc th t chn on mt s s c
my lnh bng trc quan (nhn, nghe, s, ngi) trc khi gi n cc
n v sa cha. Tuy nhin s c mt s trng hp khng th chn on
bng trc quan m cn phi c thit b v nhn vin kinh nghim kim
tra.
V l do an ton in, chng ti khng khuyn khch ngi s dng t sa
cha my lnh, tr cc trng hp nh iu chnh romte hoc kim tra
ng m CB ngun.
My lnh mt ngun
Hin tng: khi m CB hoc cu dao m khng nghe ting Bp trn dn
lnh. Nguyn nhn & cch x l:
H mch: kim tra ngun vo ti CB, cu dao, ch u dy trn dn lnh
c b h khng
CB h: CB b nng hoc gt ln gt xung lc c in lc khng, tr ng
hp ny nn thay CB mi vi dng ct tng ng CB c
H board iu khin trn dn lnh: gi nhn vin k thut n kim tra.
Remote bm khng c tc dng
Hin tng: Khi hng remote v board nhn tn hiu trn dn lnh v
bm cc nt iu khin m khng nghe tn hiu hi p
Nguyn nhn & cch x l:
Pin yu hoc ht pin: thay pin mi
Remote h: s dng remote cng loi khc kim tra
Board nhn tn hiu trn dn lnh h: thay cm bin hng ngoi hoc thay
board
Gi thi ra khi dn lnh c mi hi
Nguyn nhn & cch x l:
C mi hi nm mc: do lu ngy khng s dng nn c nm mc trong
dn lnh. My chy khong mt cht s ht mi hi. Nn v sinh my v
nm mc khng tt cho sc khe.
C mi hi nh v sinh: do ng nc x dn lnh ni trc tip vi h thng
ng nc x nh v sinh hoc h gas m khng c by hi, mi hi trong
ng x hoc h gas i ngc vo dn lnh gy hi.
C mi hc ca gas: dn lnh b x gas. Trng hp ny nn tt my v
m ca phng v qut ht cho thng thong. Gas lnh nng cao s
gy chong hoc bt tnh nu ht phi.
Dn lnh b chy nc, v dn lnh b ng sng, gi thi ra dng
sng hoc thi ra git nc, dn lnh b ng tuyt
Nguyn nhn & cch x l:
a s cc trng hp ny l do dn lnh b d, cn phi v sinh.
Nu dn lnh b chy nc nhiu: ng nc x b nght hoc b st
Nu dn lnh thi ra git nc: dn lnh qu d. Trong mt s trng hp
l do li nh sn xut, cc dn lnh ny c mt s khe h qu ln nn
qut ht lun cc git nc thi ra ngoi.
Dn lnh b ng tuyt: qut dn lnh khng quay hoc quay chm. Nn
sa qut ngay nu khng c th dn ti h my nn (Block)
My khng lnh hoc lc lnh lc khng
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn cn kim tra:
Chnh ch hot ng trn remote khng ng : kim tra trn remote
chnh ng ch (mode) Cool hoc Auto khng, nu khng th chnh
li. Cc ch Dry, Fan, Heat u khng lm lnh. Mt s trng hp bt
ch Timer cng c th khng lnh. Nn c k hng dn s dng km
theo my s dng my ng cch. Trng hp ny thng gp rt
nhiu v gy bc mnh cho cc nhn vin k thut.
X ht gas: kim tra rt d bng cch quan st 2 ng ng ni vo dn
nng, c 2 ng nh v ln u khng t, s vo khng lnh (khi my lnh
hot ng tt, c 2 ng u c nhit gn bng nhau khong 5-7oC, nhn
bng mt 2 ng u b t). Gi thi ra dn nng khng nng.
Qut dn nng b s c: theo di khonh 10-20 pht khng thy qut dn
nng quay hoc quay chm hn bnh thng. Khi qut dn nng khng
quay hoc quay chm, my nn (block) s chy v ngng bt thng (lng
nghe ting my nn chy)
My nn (Block) b s c: qut dn nng quay nhng my nn khng chy
(khng nghe ting my nn chy)
Board iu khin trn dn lnh hng.
Trng hp my lc lnh lc khng l do chnh remote ch Dry hoc
s c dn nng hoc b thiu gas.
Trong tt c cc trng hp ny, ngi s dng nn tt my v gi ngay
nhn vin k thut n sa, khng nn cho my chy tip v s dn ti h
my nn.
My km lnh
B thiu gas: quan st 2 ng ng ni vo dn nng, ng nh b bm
tuyt, ng ln khng t nu s vo khng lnh lm. Gi thi ra dn nng
khng nng lm.
Dn lnh v dn nng b bn.
My khng cng sut do lp vo phng qu ln (my 1HP ch c th
lm lnh cho phng sinh hot gia nh ti a 45m3 nhit khong
24C 25C).
HNG DN S DNG MY LNH TIT KIM IN
My iu ha khng kh chim trn 60% tng in nng tiu th ca tt
c cc thit b in trong nh. Vi mt my iu ha khng kh ang s
dng, lm sao chng ta bit l ang s dng hiu qu hay ang lng ph
v in? Ban chuyn mn Acma.vn gii thiu bi vit ny vi hy vng s
gip Qu khch hiu c bn v my iu ha khng kh v trnh c
lng ph in.
Nguyn nhn chnh gy lng ph in khi s dng my iu ha khng
kh (HKK) l do cch s dng. Rt nhiu ngi cha hiu cch hot ng
ca my HKK nn v tnh lng ph in m khng bit. c th s
dng mt cch hp l, ngi tiu dng cn hiu s qua v nguyn l hot
ng ca my HKK.
Hin nay, my HKK dn dng c s dng Vit Nam ch yu l loi 2
khi dng my nn thng (khng thay i c tc quay), chng ti
xin trnh by ngn gn v cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca loi ny.
Cu to:
My HKK 2 khi gm c: dn lnh, dn nng, ng dn gas lnh ni gia
dn nng v dn lnh.
Dn lnh : t bn trong phng c nhim v thu nhit khng kh trong
phng chuyn ra dn nng qua ng ng dn gas.
Dn nng: t bn ngoi phng c nhim v thi nhit t dn lnh chuy n
n ra mi trng.
Dn nng gm my nn v qut, l b phn tiu tn in nhiu nht ca
my HKK, chim khong 95% ton b lng in tiu th ca my. Dn
lnh ch c qut v board iu khin nn tiu th in khng ng k,
khong 5%.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Trong qu trnh my hot ng dn lnh chy sut khng ngh, dn nng
lc chy lc ngh ph thuc vo nhit trong phng t cha.
Qut dn lnh ht v thi lin tc to ra s lun chuyn v phn tn
khng kh lnh u trong phng. Trong dn lnh c mt cm bin nhit
ca khng kh ni vi board x l tn hiu (gi tt l board). Cm bin ny
c nhim v cm nhn nhit khng kh hi v dn lnh (y l nhit
trung bnh ca khng kh trong phng).
Khi nhit trong phng cao hn nhit ci t (l nhit ci t trn
remote) khong 1-2oC th board s iu khin dn nng chy. Khi dn
nng chy s cung cp gas lng ti dn lnh, gas lng bc hi trong dn
lnh v thu nhit khng kh i qua dn lnh, khng kh mt nhit nn
nhit gim xung. Khi nhit khng kh trong phng gim xung
bng nhit ci t th board s iu khin ngng dn nng. Qu trnh
lm lnh tm ngng.
Do nhit trong phng thp hn bn ngoi, nn c s truy n nhi t t
ngoi vo trong, cng vi cc vt ta nhit bn trong lm nhit khng
kh trong phng t t tng ln cho n khi cao hn nhit ci t
khong 1-2oC (khong chnh lch nhit ny ty thuc vo thit k ca
mi nh sn xut) th board s iu khin dn nng chy li. Qu trnh
lm lnh tip tc.
Khi dn nng chy, dn lnh mi c chc nng lm lnh v tiu tn in
nhiu nht. Khi dn nng ngng, dn lnh ch l ci qut lun chuy n
khng kh trong phng.
Vi mt my HKK lp t v ang s dng, lm sao chng ta bit
c l ang s dng hiu qu hay ang lng ph in? Mi my HKK lp
vo mt phng no , khi hot ng s t c nhit thp nht no
. y l nhit cui cng m my c th t c, khng th thp
hn c. Nu ci nhit trn remote thp hn nhit ny th dn
nng s chy sut v tiu hao in ti a.
Lm sao bit c nhit thp nht, cch n gin nht l chng ta
cho my chy vi nhit thp nht trn remote, khong 20-30 pht sau
chng ta bm remote nng nhit ln n khi no nghe ting tch
trn dn lnh th c th xem l nhit thp nht m my c th t
c. Ting tch va nghe l m thanh ca r-le trn board ngt ngun
iu khin dn nng. s dng my hiu qu v in chng ta phi vn
hnh my t nhit tr ln.
Mt phng iu ha khng kh theo tiu chun thit k dng cho sinh
hot phi t nhit 24oC. Nhit mi trng m c th con ngi
thch nghi nht trong khong 25-27oC.
S c mt s ngi ni rng ci nhit 27oC m dn nng chy sut
khng thy ngng, trng hp ny nn xem li my c b s c khng hay
b bn hoc thiu cng sut.
Tm li, mt my HKK hot ng hp l th phi ci nhit remote
sao cho dn nng phi c lc chy lc ngh.
ngha ca ch s nhit trn Remote :
Rt nhiu ngi hiu cha ng v ch s nhit trn remote, c kin
cho rng nhit remote cng thp my cng lm lnh nhanh. Tht ra
my HKK 2 khi dn dng trn th trng hin nay khng c chc nng
lm lnh nhanh hn hay chm hn, ch n thun l lnh t t.
Nhit ci t hin trn remote l ch s m ngi s dng yu cu my
HKK lm lnh khng kh trong phng n nhit v duy tr nhi t
ny cho n khi c ci t mi. Nhit ny gi l nhit phng.
Ngoi vic iu chnh nhit hp l, chng ta cng cn quan tm n
vic bo tr my. Mt khi dn nng v dn lnh b bi bn th kh nng
lm lnh ca my s b gim. V chng ta bit rng nhit trong phng
gim xung l do dn lnh thu nhit trong phng chuy n ra dn nng v
thi ra mi trng. Khi dn lnh b bn, th kh nng thu nhit gim, khi
dn nng bn th kh nng thi nhit cng gim, c hai trng hp ny
u lm lng nhit thu c trong phng thi ra mi trng gim nn
phng s b km lnh. Bn cnh my b bn s tiu th in nhiu hn
gy lng ph thm v tui th my cng gim.
Tnh cng sut lnh theo kinh nghim
y l cch tnh theo kinh nghim c tham kho t cc nh sn xut
c uy tn v kinh nghim bn thn ca nhng ngi lm v lnh dn dng
lu nm.
Trong phm vi bi ny, chng ti xin gii hn phm vi tnh ton ch cho
cc khng gian sinh hot gia nh.
iu kin tnh ton :
* Phng gia nh : phng khch, phng ng
* Tng gch dy 100mm (dy hn cng tt), t b chiu nng.
* t ca knh (<5% din tch tng) v c rm che
* Thit b trong phng bnh thng (n, tivi, my vi tnh)
* S ngi : mt 4m2 sn/ngi
Vi cc iu kin ny chng ta c th chn h s tnh ton kinh nghim
nh sau : 40-45m3/1HP, tng ng vi mt phng c kch thc l
4Dx3Rx3.5C (m). Vi h s ny my c th lm lnh khng kh trong
phng xung khong 24-25oC. Phng ln hn th ly th tch phng chia
cho h s 40-45m3 s c cng sut lnh tng ng.
V d : phng c kch thc 5Dx4Rx3C (m)
=> Th tch phng s l : 5x4x3.3 = 66m3
=> Cng sut lnh cn thit l : 66 / 45 = 1.47HP.
Lu rng:
n v tnh cng sut lnh l kW hoc Btu/h. Cn n v HP ch l cng
sut in ca my nn c lp trong my lnh . Trong lnh vc iu
ha khng kh c th quy i tng ng 1HP # 9,000Btu/h.
Trong thc t, my iu ha khng kh 1HP cha hn c cng sut lnh l
9,000Btu/h, ty theo cc hng sn xut m gi tr ny dao ng trong
khong 8,000-10,000Btu/h. V th vi cng mt th tch v kt cu phng
nh nhau, khi lp my iu ha khng kh cng mt cng sut HP no ,
my ca hng ny c th lnh hn hoc km lnh hn hng khc.
Trong cc trng hp tnh ti lnh cho cc khng gian khc nh vn
phng lm vic, nh hng, hi trng, th vinchng ti ngh Qu
khch nn tm n nhng ngi c chuyn mn t vn s an ton hn.
BNG CHUYN I N V TNH
Mt s n v thng dng c s dng trong ngnh lnh :
1 HP # 9000 Btu/h (trong lnh vc iu ha khng kh)
1 RT (tn lnh) = 12000 Btu/h
1 KW = 3412 Btu/h
1 Kcal/h = 3.968 Btu/h
1 at = 14.2 psi
1 at = 10 mH2O
1 at = 1 kgf/cm2
1 mmH2O = 9.81 Pa
1 cfm = 1.699 m3/h
** RT HN HNH C PHC V QU KHCH HNG**
TRUNG TM SA CHA, BO TR IN LNH NGUYN HNG
C: 40/3/2 PH NH, PHNG 16, QUN 8, TP HCM
T: (08)39 807 136
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