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6.1 Linear Voltage Regulator

DC-DC Converters
Linear Region
Text Book Sub-Title
6.1 Linear Voltage Regulators
6.2 A Basic Switching Converter
6.3 The Buck (Step-Down) Converter
6.4 Design Considerations
6.5 The Boost Converter

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6.2 A Basic Switching Converter The Buck (Step-Down) Converter:

Switch closed
Saturation

Cut-off

Switch
closed

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The Buck (Step-Down) Converter: Buck Converter Properties:

Switch open

Switch
open

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Switch closed analysis:

Assumptions:

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Switch open analysis: Inductor Current:

Output Voltage:
The net change in inductor current
over one period is zero.

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Continuous Current iL
Capacitor current:
Mode (CCM): Imax
Output voltage ripple
Imin = 0 A is the boundary Imin t
0
between continuous and
discontinuous current,

In practice, a value of inductance greater than Lmin is

desirable to ensure continuous current.
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Example 6-1

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Design Procedures for Buck Determine Lmin. Increase Lmin by about 25% - 40% to ensure full
continuous mode.
Converter Calculate C for ripple factor requirement.
switch L Capacitor ratings:
Lmin = ?
VS + f=?
D L = 25 Lmin Must withstand peak output voltage.
- D=? C R Va
(Input Type = ? Ripple ? Pa = ? Must carry required RMS current. Note RMS current for triangular w/f is
spec.) Ia = ? Ip/3, where Ip is the peak capacitor current given by DiL/2
Wire size consideration:
Calculate D to obtain required output voltage.
Normally rated in RMS. But iL is known as peak. RMS value for iL is given
Select a particular switching frequency: as:
Preferably > 20kHz for negligible acoustic noise DiL
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Higher fs results in smaller L, but higher device losses. Thus lowering I L, RMS = I L2 + 2

efficiency and larger heat sink. Also C is reduced. 3

Possible devices: MOSFET, IGBT and BJT. Low power MOSFET can reach
MHz range.
Study Example 6.2 & 6.3 to work out yours Mini Project
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