Integumentary System (Ch.

5 & part of 24)

= ____ & derivatives

I. SKIN

skin - epidermis - ____________ cells

- dermis ____________ tissue (areolar & then dense irregular)
- contains blood vessels
- hypodermis (superficial fascia)
- adipose tissue & _____________c.t.
5-1 - anchors skin loosely
- shock absorption, insulation

A. EPIDERMIS
- keratinized _____________ _____________ epithelium
5-2 1. Cells
keratinocytes
- produce keratin
- fibrous protein
- connected by _________________
- arise at _______ surface from rapidly dividing cells
- ______ to apical surface as they mature
- at apical surface are squamous and dead
melanocytes
- produce melanin = pigment
- pass melanin to ___________; protects
keratinocyte nucleus from UV radiation
- found in basal layer
dendritic cells
- an __________ system cell
- migrates to lymph nodes to activate immune defenses
- have long slender _________ that capture invaders
- derived from bone marrow
 2

tactile (Merkel) cell

- together with _________ nerve endings = touch
receptor = tactile (Merkel) disc (see Table 13.1 p.
487)
- found at _________-dermal junctions
2. Layers

deep stratum basale - youngest cells, mitosis

- _________ layer
-progressively stratum spinosum contain lots of pre-keratin
more - spines on tissue
keratinized preparation due
& to _____________
less stratum granulosum - ______ cells thick
viable - last layer of living cells
stratum lucidum - _________ layer
- missing in thin skin
stratum corneum thickest, _____ cells thick

B. DERMIS
- has _________, blood vessels, lymph vessels
- contains - cutaneous _________
- glands
- ________ follicles
- papillary layer superficial, ____% of thickness
- _________ (________) c.t (c.t. _________)
- contains dermal papillae
- projections into ___________
in thick skin papillae lie on top of
mounds called dermal ridges
that make fingerprints
- reticular layer - deep, 80% of thickness
- _______, __________ c.t. (c.t. __________)

5.3
 3

C. SKIN COLOUR
- reflects - amounts of pigments
- __________
- carotene - from _____________
- oxygenation of _____________

II. Sweat Glands and Sebaceous Glands

A. SWEAT GLANDS = Sudoriferous Glands
1. eccrine sweat glands (= merocrine sweat glands)
- most numerous
- located everywhere, but particularly on
________, soles, and forehead
- thermogegulation both
- salt solution (hypotonic ________of blood) are
2. apocrine sweat glands functionally
- _______& anogenital areas, into hair follicles merocrine
- secretions similar to eccrine but also
contain fatty substances & proteins which
are broken down by bacteria - ________
- ? sexual scent glands?
B. Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
- holocrine glands secrete sebum = dead cells & _____
5-8 - lubricate & soften skin & hair, prevent H2O loss
- bactericidal (= bact.-______)
- everywhere except __________ & ____________
- stim. by hormones (androgens = male ___hormones)
- block whiteheads & blackheads
 4

Sudoriferous Glands = Sweat Glands

Eccrine (Merocrine) Apocrine Sweat Glands Sebaceous
Sweat Glands (Oil) Glands
function _________ control ? sexual scent glands lubricate skin
& hair
type of hypotonic filtrate of filtrate of plasma with sebum oily
secretion ________ proteins and fatty secretion
substances
method of __________ merocrine (exocytosis) ___________
secretion (exocytosis)
body location everywhere, but axillary and anogenital everywhere
especially ______, regions except palms
soles, forehead and _______
another factoid _________ numerous stinky! associated
with ______

III. Functions of the Integumentary System

A. PROTECTION
chemical barriers
- low _____ of secretions
- antibacterial _______
- melanin
physical barriers
- continuity
- hardness of ___________
- (some things penetrate: ____- soluble)
 5

biological barriers
- ____________ cells
- macrophages (macro = big, phage = eat) of dermis
- cells of immune system that phagocytize debris and
invaders

B. BODY TEMP. REGULATION See Ch. 24 p. 952-954

- regulated by _____________ system
24-28 thermoregulatory centers
in hypothalamus of ________
- receive info from:
central thermoreceptors in body core &
hypothalamus
- peripheral thermoreceptors in ________
heat-promoting mechanisms:
- cutaneous blood vessels ________ conserve heat
-
-
heat loss mechanisms:
- cutaneous blood vessels ________ dissipate heat
-
-
C. CUTANEOUS SENSATION
- cutaneous sensory receptors
- temp., ________, pressure, pain, itch
D. METABOLIC FUNCTION
- Vit D synth. from ___________
- other chemical reactions similar to those carried out by _____
E. BLOOD RESERVOIR
- __% of blood volume - can be redirected if needed
F. EXCRETION
- some __-containing wastes in sweat