SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)

CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

[MTG 60803]

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

Ang Toh Chuan 0333129

Daphne Tan Li Wen 0329055
Karen Lim Shi Chee 0329431
Lau Wan Yee 0328947
Lim Xiao Shi 0324410
Loh Wei Ting 0328314

LECTURER
MS. TAY SHIR MEN
 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Malaysia Construction Industry Page1
1.2 Building Information Modelling Page2-5
1.3 BIM History in Malaysia Page6-7
2.0 3D Model
2.1 Introduction of 3D BIM Page8-9
2.2 Related Software Page10
2.3 Advantages to CSCM Page11
2.4 Disadvantages and Cost Page11
3.0 4D Model
3.1 Introduction of 4D BIM Page12
3.2 Related Software Page13
3.3 Advantages to CSCM Page13
CONTENTS

3.4 Disadvantages and Cost Page14

4.0 5D Model
4.1 Introduction of 5D BIM Page15-16
4.2 Related Software Page17
4.3 Advantages to CSCM Page18-19
4.4 Disadvantages and Cost Page20
5.0 6D Model
5.1 Introduction of 6D BIM Page21
5.2 Related Software Page22
5.3 Advantages to CSCM Page23
5.4 Disadvantages and Cost Page24
6.0 7D Model
FO ELBAT

6.1 Introduction of 7D BIM Page25

6.2 Related Software Page26
6.3 Advantages to CSCM Page27
6.4 Disadvantages and Cost Page28

7.0 Barriers & Challenges Page29-30

8.0 Conclusion & Recommendation Page31-32

9.0Reference Page33-35
 . INTRODUCTION

1.1 Malaysia Construction Industry Overview

According to the Global Construction 2025, a global forecast report for

the construction industry towards 2025, intended to improve the
understanding of global construction, the construction sector shares
12.2% of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) together with 70% more
construction work to be implemented around the world. In reference to
Bank Negara Malaysia annual outlook report, construction sector in
Malaysia experienced a positive growth by 8% to 10% with a fair share of
3% t 5% of local GDP and the growth is expected to expand at a faster
pace in 2017, mainly driven by new and current civil engineering projects,
transportation and petrochemical segments. (Bank Negara Malaysia,
2016)
Upon realization that the Malaysia construction industry contributing a big
part to the economy growth, Malaysia would need to evolve to match the
speed of globalization, making our nation competitive even in
international standard. Being complex and fragmented in nature, the
construction industry faces challenges and issues balancing between
cost, time and quality. The need to upgrade the current construction
approach is vital, be it in terms of implementation, management or
technology as we still relies heavily on traditional approach and foreign
labour.
In sync with modernization, implementation of technology; Information
Communication Technology (ICT) is a moving factor for the rapid change
in construction industry. Hence, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a
new approach introduced to enhance effective management of
construction project life cycle activities in terms of design and
management. This report research on how the ICT has affected the
interoperation of BIM in construction industry and how BIM will change
the current condition of construction.
1.2 Building Information Modelling (BIM)
1.2.2 Function of BIM

BIM has a vast range of application, from design to construction and operation
stages. These processes can be roughly categorized into five categories: Gather,
generate, analyze, communicate and realize.

A. Gather
BIM is used to gather information about a facility at various phases whereby it
captures the current status, quantify or measure the amount, monitor performance
and quality by identifying facilities element status.

B. Generate
Involves creating and authoring information about the facility whereby it prescribes the
need for and select specification, arranging location and placement and determining
sizes and scale of facility elements.

C. Analyze
Requires analysis for a better understanding of facility elements through coordination
to ensure efficiency and harmony of relationship, forecasting to predict future
performance and validating the accuracy of facility elements.
C. Construction
D. Communicate
Communication is the sharing and exchanging of information through visualization of
a realistic representation, transformation of information by translating them to
receiver, drawing of symbolic representation to convey data and documenting all
relevant information.

E. Realize

The main objective is to control a physical element by fabricating or manufacturing

and assembling of elements generated.

Page 4
1.2 Building Information Modelling (BIM)
1.2.2 Function of BIM

Figure: BIM maturity diagram

BIM represents an evolution from traditional two-dimensional practices to modelling in

the combination of 3D graphical modelling, 4D time modelling and 5D cost modelling.
Level-0 and Level-1 deals with drawings in a 2D manner but Level-2 enhances the
design into 3D modelling. Contrary to 2D drawing where sets of lines and areas are
illustrated through soft and hard intelligent features, data related to each features are
now store by means of BIM in Level-2. Level-2 BIM is now more matured whereby
various professionals are involve collaboratively, modelling real life situations before
construction commences.
Level-3 BIM has the integration of 4D and 5D where time and cost parameters are
essential. It represents the most complex BIM with fully integration of all relevant
information happening in the whole life cycle of project where models are utilized to full
potential, benefiting clients from lifecycle asset management.

Page 5
1.3 BIM History in Malaysia
1.3.1 Initiative by Government

BIM can be tracked back to 2007 when Jabatan Kerja Raya also known as Public
Works Department (PWD) introducing their BIM Standard Manual and Guideline for project
Add
planning for public a little
works. bit of
In 2009, bodyInfrastructure
a 2-day text & Construction Asias Building
Information Modelling & Sustainable Architecture Conference, the Director General of
PWD, urged to embrace technology in effort to making the industry competent in global
market. Organizations like Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), Multimedia
Super Corridor (MSC) and Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM) also
made significant steps in promoting the use of BIM in Malaysia. Below illustrates the
efforts and initiative done by each organization:

1.BIM Committee
Public 2,BIM Unit Project
3.BIM Training
Works 4.BIM Roadmap
Department 5.BIM Standard&Manual
Guidelines

1.BIM Training
CREAM 2.Seminar&Workshop

1.BIM Portal
CIDB 2.BIM Steering
3.Seminar&Workshop

MSC 1.BIM Training

Page 6
1.3 BIM History in Malaysia
1.3.2BIM Pilot Projects

PWD formed a BIM Unit Projects in May 2012 through Complex Management
Division, also known as PROKOM. Supervised under BIM Unit Projects, PWD
implemented several pilot projects in the effort of using BIM in their projects.

Add a little bit of body text

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2.0 3D Model
2.1 Introduction of 3D BIM
BIM revolves around a utilized information model from which various stakeholders of
construction such as Architects, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, MEP System
Engineers, Builders, Manufacturers and Client can extract and generate views and
specialist data depending to their needs. 3D models made BIM become famous. BIM
usual 3D model is used to generate traditional building abstractions: plans, sections,
details, elevations and schedules. BIM 3D help member of construction to manage their
multidisciplinary cooperation more adequately in modelling and evaluating challenging
spatial and structural problem which is more time saving and money.
Furthermore, BIM 3D have the function for illustrating the structure in three dimension,
3D BIM visualizations also offer useful schedule simulation and automatically update these
sight throughout with the project like process from the start cognition to the last stage of a
structure.

This dynamics is very useful in the marketing of construction since it is a one of best
methods like BIM 3D can provide design retail construction drawings and versions,
including specific plans, sections and platforms as well as accurate systems and devices
schedules for the client to have clear understanding about the construction progression.

Moreover BIM 3D have a clash detection function to identify 'clashes' at the beginning
stage in the construction project to make them become much simpler, cheaper and less
time consuming to rectify. BIM 3D also has laser device scanning, ground penetration
radars (GPR) remodelings functions that operate a correct site layout. BIM 3D driven
construction ensure the prefabricated element will match once on-site design. BIM 3D
greatly minimize the cost, time and risk of tumbles, slides and trips tis sue accidents when
progressing construction work to a factory environment.
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2.0 3D Model
2.1 Introduction of 3D BIM

(BIM 3D Clash detection)

(BIM 3D Ground Penetration Radars [GPR])

Page 9
2.0 3D Model
2.2 Related Software

1.Architecture
-Autodesk Revit Architecture
-Graphisoft ArchiCAD
-Nemetschek Allplan Architecture
-Gehry Technologies - Digital Project Designer
-Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect

2.Structures
-Autodesk Revit Structure
-Bentley Structural Modeler
-Bentley RAM, STAAD and ProSteel
-Tekla Structures
-CypeCAD

3.MEP
-Autodesk Revit MEP
-Bentley Hevacomp Mechanical Designer
-4MSA FineHVAC + FineLIFT + FineELEC + FineSANI
-Gehry Technologies - Digital Project MEP Systems Routing
-CADMEP (CADduct / CADmech)

4.Construction (Simulation, Estimating and Const. Analysis)

-Autodesk Navisworks
-Solibri Model Checker
-Vico Office Suite
-Vela Field BIM
-Bentley ConstrucSim

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 2.0 3D Model
2.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

BIM 3D allow the realization of visual images of the resource progress status, provide
connection visibility and exact details regarding the status of material at several stage to
be increase to offer collaborative design and construction technique as a specific useful
resource to support all the stakeholder. As a result, the project manager have access to a
BIM model with the full variation of material data and details sharing all the parties of
supply chain to save time, cost and money. Other than that, BIM 3D function also
efficiently offers a detailed take off in a beginning phase of the procurement process of
the construction supply chain management. Design purpose interaction will be effective
cooperation is encouraged and allowed to settle prospective problem at starting stages
between client, architecture, contractor, supplier and manufacturers.

2.0 3D Model
2.4 Disadvantages and cost

3D modelling enhance the cost in the software application and professional staff for
running the program. Software purchase will need an additional investment in training and
education. The freshness member in BIM field are minimal number of expert working. The
use of BIM require obviously need training course and as with any software program. A
contractor also need to upgrade the computer system to effectively use the BIM software.
There are cost relative with the software such as purchasing, certification and instruction.
Besides that, 3D Modelling is carried out at the preliminary stages of the construction
project, which is procurement and design phase. The implement of 3D BIM will lead to
increase time used in the design phase cause the revision of model to prone to error. BIM
requires more initiative and need to take up a lot of focus and attention at the beginning of
project. When BIM is used, it is inadequate for a contractor to simply submit plan for the
process of work and then start out construction. The contractor must meet with the
designer and stakeholder to produce the collaborative model. Construction professionals is
not generally used about the BIM since the probability that one of subcontractor or
stakeholder may not use BIM and may not be able to use your model in the construction
process.
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3.0 4D Model
3.1 Introduction of 4D BIM

4D BIM (four-dimensional building information modelling), in addition to functionality of

BIM 3D, adds a fourth dimension of Time to the 3D Space of CAD solid modelling on
computer. 4D BIM is the next generation of project management, including project planning
and scheduling, data analytics, and management. The fourth dimension of BIM allows
participants to extract and visualize the progress of their activities through the lifetime of the
project.

4D BIM is used for construction site planning related activities. The process known for
4D BIM is that upon the creation of an information model, scheduling data can be added to
different components, thus generates accurate programme information and enables step-
by-step visuals of the projects development.

The utilization of 4D-BIM technology can result in improved control over conflict detection
or over the complexity of changes occurring during the course of a construction project. 4D
BIM provides methods for managing and visualizing site status information, change impacts
as well as supporting communication in various situations such as informing site staff or
warning about risks.

With 4D BIM, teams are sitting together to review a real time simulation of the project.
Everyone shares the same vision quickly and efficiently, ideas are discussed, and
knowledge and experience are shared. Changes can be made instantly, different
approaches can be tested for impacts, and clashes can be discovered early in the process.
4D visualization is helping transform the entire delivery process.

Moreover, 4D BIM model looks just like a 3D model, but it contains even more
information about installation rates, productivity rates, crew sizes, and costs. 4D models,
which visually represent these time-related concerns, are highly effective communication
tools and can be used to communicate with technical and non-technical investors alike.Add
a little bit of body text

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 3.0 4D Model
3.2 Related Software

-Autodesk Naviswork
-Bentley Navigator
-Vico Office Suite
Add a little bit of body text
-Arktec Gest Mideplan
-Rib Software iTWO
-Micad Global Group Gestproject
-Microsoft MS Project
-Oracle Primavera P6
-Synchro Ltd.Synchro Professional
-Itec TCQ
-ACCA Software PriMusK

3.0 4D Model
3.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)
4D model enables the scheduler to view the entire construction site in a nutshell. With time
information federated in the shared information model, planners are able to develop an
accurate project programme. With the data linked to the graphical representation of
components or systems, it is possible to show how construction will develop, sequentially,
over time showing how a structure will visually appear at each stage. Therefore, 4D model
can identify various issues related to space, schedule and sequencing during the design
phase, and resolve them ahead of the construction process. This will also allow the project
team to evaluate various alternatives resources and scopes of work over a period of time to
optimize the resources and labour accordingly.
Such an approach helps the owner as well as the project team to easily visualize time
constraints and opportunities of improvement and investment in the project. It also helps to
negate last minute on-site design co-ordination and rework, ultimately eliminating waste from
the delivery process and helping to speed it up. This is key as construction sites are
expensive to run and represent a significant proportion of the total cost for many projects.
The efficiency generated can streamline the cost base for project teams and increase their
capacity, whilst reducing overall delivery costs for clients. With this, better integration and
cost estimation can be ensured. Integrating human resources, equipment and material
resources with the BIM model, 4D scheduling helps to better schedule and cost estimate of
the project. 4D BIM also monitors procurement status of project materials.

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3.0 4D Model
3.4 Disadvantages and cost

Although one of the advantages of using a BIM model is that progressions can be
made rapidly, BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when
ordering items that require a long lead time. For instance, a contractor may need to
arrange material in view of the measurements of the plan. Ordering this material may take
weeks or months. In case the dimensions change, as may happen when multiple
contractors are inputting information into a model on a continual basis, the contractor may
be left with insufficient time to order the material.
Another problem of applying BIM is to manage resource and information, after the
complete implementation of BIM and network based integration. The company that is
implementing BIM has to make sure that the suppliers and subcontractors will lead to
management of more information.
Moreover, mapping and administration of assets is as yet done customarily. New legal
and construable processes are to be set up for the effective implementation of BIM. The
firm has to select an accomplished and talented partner that can bolster with capability,
proficiency , knowledge and experience.

Page 14
4.0 5D Model
4.1 Introduction of 5D BIM

5D BIM, or fifth dimensional building information modelling, is the costing application of

BIM that contained within the BIM model itself. It is the model objects that include
specification data or other properties which can be directly used for pricing construction
work. The adoption of 5D BIM within a construction project provides an expanded range of
possibilities to not only the quantity surveyor, but to many different project stakeholders
such as estimators or cost managers for certain tasks such as quantity taking off,
estimation and cost management, in a collaborative project environment. It is an integration
of design with estimating, scheduling and costing, which include generation of Bills of
Quantities, and derivation of productivity rates and labour costs. 5D BIM generally is used
for budget tracking and cost analysis related activities and is associated with 3D and 4D
models (Time) which allows users to visualize the progress of their activities and related
costs over time.

5D BIM is a technology that used by quantity surveyors or estimators to model facilities

at the initial phase of design. As BIM workflows become established within the construction
industry, quantity surveyors and estimators are require to have the ability to deal with these
models and know how estimating from the models fits in with the BIM supply chain. With
5D BIM, it is possible to generate models which show how modifications with materials,
layouts, square footage and other design elements that affect the display of a facility as
well as the cost and schedule of construction.

5D BIM is a process of producing accurate cost estimates from the components of the
information model. Considerations for estimation might include capital costs of purchasing
and installing a component, its associated running costs and cost of renewal down the line.
These calculations can be made on the basis of the data and associated information linked
to particular components within the graphical model. This information allows quantity
surveyors or cost managers to determine the quantities of a given components on a project
easily, applying rates to these quantities, hence reaching an overall cost for the
development.

Page 15
4.0 5D Model
4.1 Introduction of 5D BIM

The 5D layer of project allows for more detailed cost information so that stakeholders
able to evaluate the price of the project and the cash flow needed for each phase of the
construction. It includes estimates that based on the design and the timeline costs are
estimated for each part of the project, including labour and materials, which helps in
creating a budget. 5D also includes scheduling, a detailed schedule showing the costs
when the project has begun, which can help in managing monthly cost reporting. The
utilization of 5D BIM technology is resulting to a greater accuracy and predictability of
projects estimates, scope changes and materials, equipment or labour costs. It also
provides methods for extracting and analysing costs, evaluating scenarios and changes
impacts.
In short, 5D has taken BIM to the next level by adding cost and time into the equation. It
helps a project come in on budget, on time and be consistent what architect and project
manager designed to begin with. Besides, 5D BIM helps cost estimators build historical
data sets for current and future projects. A building or facility manager can also use it to
track and refine everything from energy consumption to the pricing of future improvement
after the project done. Hence, in construction, time is money and money is well and
everything and 5D BIM can help maximize both.

Page 16
4.0 5D Model
4.2 Related Software

-Naviswork Manage, Autodesk

-ConstructionSim, Bentley Systems
-Nevaris, Nemetschek
-Vico Office, Trimble
-Gest Mideplan, Arktec
-TWO, Rib Software
-Presto Cost-it, Rib Software
-DESTIN IEstimator, Beck Technology
-Excel, Microsoft
-TCQ 2000 BIM, ITEC
-PriMus, ACCA Software
-PriMus IFC, ACCA Software

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 4.0 5D Model
4.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

5D BIM is a model that integrating with 3D and 4D, it use model-based estimating to
obtain precise component pricing and budgeting reports for the project. On the basis of this
multidimensional data model, 5D BIM make possible a level of security in terms of cost,
design and scheduling at an early stage of whole process of supply chain. Structural issues
such as missing information and conflicts beyond the individual trades and disciplines can
be identified in the model long before realisation and solved with a lower real cost and time
expenditure. Hence, this helps to avoid expensive construction errors and to plan
improvements without impacting the scheduled construction time and hence lower the cost
amidst of supply chain.

In addition, construction supply chain management can be improve by 5D BIM as it allow

the project team members able to easily understand the project design, assumptions and
cost drivers in a superior manner with visual and data modelling capabilities. The costs are
driven by formulas on every building system based on the specific design, materials, site
conditions, phasing and other parameters according to the owners timeline. They then can
obtain a transparent, concise and accurate description of scope, cost and schedule which
directly impacts funding decisions.

Besides that. 5D BIM able to increase efficiency and cooperation, making it of enormous
logistic support. 5D BIM makes it possible to use the building data model to constantly
visualize the scheduling and to review its plausibility in the process. Data is achieved in real
time once the model is developed or modified. Substitute perceptions can also be easily
explored, when owner and project team can get the cost and other data disclosed
instantaneously. This radically shorten design and estimation cycle time. With authentic,
accurate updates in real time, the efficiency is enhanced. Moreover, decision making for
the supply chain has been easy because of the scheduling (4D) and costing (5D) based on
multiple, accurate real time information as they are the best information can be acquired at
that moment.

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 4.0 5D Model
4.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

Other Advantages of 5D BIM

- Accuracy in quantity take-offs
- Optimized processes change
- Elimination of unbudgeted changes on projects.
- Cost estimation accuracy to within 3%
- Up to 80% reduction in time taken to generate cost estimate
- Clash detection, particularly services, providing time and cost
savings
- Reduction in project delivery time
- Develop sustainability all through the supply chain
- Loss of data in between the supply chain is kept to minimum

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4.0 5D Model
4.4 Disadvantages and cost

One of the drawback on the implementation of BIM 5D is the low level of experience
using BIM, workers skills are not enough to achieve the required performance and, to know
how this technology must be introduced in the system. Thus, lack of experts is one of the
major obstacles in achieving satisfactory level of 5D BIM implementation as this software
may require an additional investment in term of training and education. Besides that, costs
that associated with the software like purchasing, licensing and training is also one of the
concern or drawback for 5D BIM adoption. A large initial investment is required for updating
software, hardware as well as the training of staff. For instance, a contractor may need to
upgrade his computer system to effectively use the BIM software. Furthermore,
implementation of new technologies is costly in term of changing in work flow and work
process. Often most service providers are unable to make such investment unless they
perceive long term benefits to their own organization or if the owner subsidizes the training
costs.

In addition, data extracted from the 5D model is very questioned concerning its
accuracy. Quality of quantities of the attached information that normally done by quantity
surveyor, is most of the times not enough to provide accurate dimensions. The efficiency of
this process is highly dependent on the design phase, hence it is here when a collaborative
work is required and indispensable between them. Another negative factor on the cost
estimation field (5D BIM) is the lack of recognition of changes on the project. This mean
that 5D BIM will not a helpful dimension except there is a collaborative environment from
the early stage. Lastly, rework are required to refresh the new data is also the disadvantage
of the software, which means the way in which project changes are required to re-updated
after the quantities had been input by quantity surveyor. This is because not all the 5D
software tools offer a bidirectional behaviour to reflect the new data. For instance, only
quantities are transferred but description are not attached into the model. Descriptions are
an important part to the bills of quantities as they provide more information to
subcontractors concerning scope, processes and technical solutions. Hence, BIM tools are
unable to provide descriptions of items and this information is not able to be computed in
the way that quantity surveyor require it.

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5.0 6D Model
5.1 Introduction of 6D BIM

6D BIM, an acronym for 6D Building Information Modeling and a term widely used in
the Construction industry.6D covers the sustainability targets for a building allowing
information such as energy use, sustainability from a materials and management point of
view to be understood and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
tracking to be performed.

6D BIM services are designed to help you perform building CFD and energy analysis,
to derive more complete and accurate estimations for energy during the early design
stages.It also helps facility managers to bring down utility bills and operate a building in
the most efficient manner, ensuring highest level of occupant comfort. Integrating our
Building information models with 6D CAD simulations will help you iterate designs and
bring in an overall reduction in the energy consumption of a building.

Add subheading
6D BIM involves the inclusion of information to support facilities management and
operation to drive better business outcomes. This data might include information on the
manufacturer of a component, its installation date, required maintenance and details of
how the item should be configured and operated for optimal performance, energy
performance, along with lifespan and decommissioning data.

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5.0 6D Model
5.2 Related Software

- Autodesk Ecotect Analysis

- Autodesk Green Building Studio
- Graphisoft EcoDesigner
- IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro
- Bentley Tas Simulator
- Bentley Hevacomp
- DesignBuilder

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5.0 6D Model
5.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

Sustainability in building construction may be easily achieved through the use of BIM
tool because it readily incorporates all the information required for the sustainability
certifications like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designs (LEED) or at the early
stage of design when suitability planning is done. Once linked into the information model,
6D data can support decision making during the design process and the operation of the
built asset once its in use.At delivery phase, it enables design teams to consider their
impact of their proposals over a built assets life cycle, simulating outcomes and
anticipated costs. But the ultimate value, lies in the use of that data to support the
operational phase.

At handover, project teams can pass their complete data set (known as an Asset
Information Model or AIM from that point) over to the end-user. The digital model offers
them a more controlled, accessible and easily navigable way of managing their
information.

With this data on maintenance, lifespans and energy performance to hand, operators
can determine the costs of those activities and create spend profiles over a built assets
life, pre-planning maintenance activities years in advance. It helps them adopt a
completely planned and pro-active approach to FM and operation as opposed to a reactive
one when unexpected events and costs can crop up at any moment.

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5.0 6D Model
5.4 Disadvantages and cost

Some subcontractors may not know how to use this BIM if they are not undergo
significant training.Therefore,problems will occurs if the information that key into BIM is not
accurate.Hence,BIM is cost intensive and not easy to use .It is also require specialized
training before using this software
.
In addition, various information which comes from various phases of the buildings
lifecycle should be available to operate and maintain the many complex energy systems
used by buildings occupants. However, the building information is fragmented, which is
created by different teams with different objectives and stored in different system.
Therefore, this identifies that lack of integration of information is the barrier for energy
managers in using BIM 6D.

Add subheading

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6.0 7D Model
6.1 Introduction of 7D BIM

7D model of BIM that have updated after a few of dimension and is finally introduced
to the industry. From each of this every update, BIM system offers tools for a better
control and different specific standard for different categories of working in the
construction industry.

7D BIM is also known as seventh-dimensional building information modelling. 7D

model is also known as the facilities management model, 7D also is the "as-built' BIM
model which is important as part of the handover process to the building owner. This
model is a fundamental part of the ROI for BIM as it provides accurate Facilities
Management (FO) and Asset Management (AM).

7D BM is used by managers which serve the purpose in the operation and

maintenance of the facility throughout its life cycle. It allows participants to extract and
track relevant asset data such as component status, specifications, maintenance
operation manuals, warranty Adddataaetc.
little bit of body
Throughout text
the construction phase, the designer
will able to update the detail of the project as but model upon completion. Besides, 7D
BM also features specifications, operations and maintenance manuals and warranty
information which are useful in conducting maintenance, building computerized
database for record, renovation and maintenance.

The utilization of 7D-BIM technology can result in easier and quicker parts
replacements, optimized compliance and a streamlined asset life cycle management
over time. 7D BIM provides processes for managing subcontractor/supplier data and
facility component through the entire facility life cycle. Last but not least, 7D model
serve as a guild line to prepare life cycle of BINM strategies, Cobic data population,
BIM maintenance plan and serve for file hosting purpose.

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6.0 7D Model
6.2 Related Software

- Bentley Facilities
- Facility Management Systems; Facility Management interact
- Vintocon ArchiFM (for ArchiCAD)
- Onuma System
- EcoDomus

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6.0 7D Model
6.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

Sustainability in building construction may be easily achieved through the use of BlM
tool because it readily incorporates all the information required for the sustainability
certifications like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designs (LEED) or at the early
stage of design when suitability planning is done. All the data regarding the building is
managed through a central repository and required documents for the sake of certification
process may be delivered with a lot of convenience. Decisions made at management level
are based on data aggregation from lower levels in addition to open and extensible
information exchange with the supply chain. Decisions made at this level consider many
factors such as the strategy adopted by the management team in terms of achieving the
emission targets and the financial implications of any managerial and technical solutions
for energy savings. The integration with the suppliers and other stakeholders such as
buildings staff or occupiers is an essential element of the decision. Manufacturers data
systems can also be integrated to automatically generate execution details of the building
systems with construction guidelines provided by the manufacturers. This was provide the
information needed for quantity take offs and products used for various simulators and
assessment tools. This could be to fix site problems or liaise with occupiers for better use
of the buildings.

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27
6.0 7D Model
6.4 Disadvantages and cost

7D model of BIM system is new to the industry, which means the facilities manager
may not be familiar with the function and working method on the software for 7D model,
situation get worse when frequent update and changes of information are inserted into
the modeling in the post-construction stage. Poor management of modeling will cause
overload of work to the program operator, misplace of information and incur more costs.
As 7D model is consider to be a "not yet mature" model, more than one party will be
involve in the process of updating information & reparation the facilities this is because
the building management office or the owner are not expert in managing the BIM system
For an example a lift of the building break down the building management office or the
owner will need to refer back to the contractor for the parts detail reparation method &
maintenance period this will somehow increase the complexity of work and give
additional work load onto facilities management and owner, Furthermore, each of the
individual or company have different preferred software application and system, which
cause large number of data exchanges .conversion and updating is require for every
times of maintenance.

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7.0 Barriers & Challenges

1.High cost of implementation process

As BIM is expected to significantly benefit the construction industry, the implementation
comes with a price, as with any other new technology does. BIM does not only just involve
the upgrading of software usage, but also all the elements involved in business
operations. The recognized cost of BIM technology implementation includes
administration and start-up costs, education and training costs, and transition and
behavioural costs. All costs executed here possessed as a barrier to utilizing BIM
technology to its best.

For BIM technology could be new to some firms, different levels of training would be
needed for adequate knowledge of operating the technology, making it worthy for the
firms to invest in such software. For instance, if the in-house manager is not expertise in
this skill, a specially trained BIM manager would need to be hired, adding another cost to
the firm.
For large companies with adequate resources, BIM has been one of their tools. As BIM
requires specific software and data storage system, it could bring a significant cost to
such companies implementing it. Depending on their existing IT facilities, the cost of
purchasing such new software might possessed as a barrier to smaller companies.

2.Lack of BIM Experts

a.Lack of qualified in-house staffs and lack of education
In a survey done by collecting opinions from design firms in Hong Kong, up to 80% of
their respondent wanted to have BIM training from the government or professional
bodies rather than taking up short BIM courses offered in the market. Main reason being
the quality of such varied short courses is questionable for there are no clear BIM
guidelines established by the government. Same concept occurs to university students,
let it be relevant diploma or degree programmes whereby there is no standard curricula
in provided BIM training.

For companies with no employees expertise in BIM techniques and principles, a

professional external expert would be hired to deal with the integration issues. Lack of
BIM experts in the market would cause a high demand need, leading to increase in their
demand for salary, increasing organization expenditure.

Page 29
7.0 Barriers & Challenges

3.Lack of standard
The low level of knowledge about the BIM technology can be traced back to the lack
of standard BIM implementation guidelines at a national level to follow. Currently in
Malaysia, many boards or organizations are coming up with their own definition and
version of BIM technology implementation guideline, trying to be a leading BIM
champion in this current stage. Hence, when different firms follows different way of
implementation, confusion occurs among construction players. Considered an infant, a
committee team by the government should be set-up for the producing of a national
BIM implementation guide.

4.Lack of client demand

According to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the largest
hindrance to BIM adoption is the lack of client demand. Perceived where more
professional fees will be substantially increased as time and effort put by designers in
using BIM technology will be more, clients with such mind-set would reject the use of
BIM whereby they were expected to pay more. This scenarios were true to smaller
scale firms. Hence, in the end of the day, if the client did not demand for BIM service,
the firms could not compel them to adopt it.

5.Less benefits of BIM on smaller projects

Contrary to common belief that BIM is cost effective to all projects, the smaller projects
might say otherwise. For construction firms handling smaller projects, going through the
entire procedure of BIM implementation into the system may not be the case.

6.Refusal to change
Other than external resistance from external circumstances, companies are also facing
internal resistance coming within the organization. Issues of lack of BIM knowledge and
skills, afraid of uncertainty and the unknown together with the resistance to change all
leads to a lack of BIM implementation in firms. For people who have been comfortable with
the traditional process of measurement or with resistance culture, it deems unnecessary
for them to change the style of working.

Page 30
8.0
8.0 Conclusion
Conclusion &
& Recommendation
Recommendation

To conclude, BIM implementation is anticipated to bring a new way of working and

even thinking to man involved in the construction industry, whether affected directly or
indirectly. With its increasing usage, BIM brings an impact to the surveying profession,
thus making it essential for quantity surveying consultants to adapt and even embrace
the BIM technology or they might risk the threat of being left behind. From the evolution
from paper practise to virtual modelling, BIM has the capability to perform not only
automatic but also accurate quantification, a big part of a quantity surveyors task. When
taken the right advantage of, it offers a great deal of benefit to the profession, provided
they has adequate knowledge on its operability.

Key advantage of BIM to quantity surveyors can be observed during the cost
estimating stage. From its ability to potentially enhance time period through automatic
processes to it possibility to access additional information which will significantly
improve the reliability of documentation for a construction project. Through different
dimensions of BIM development, each of its own significance, implemented in distinct
stages throughout the project, quantity surveyors will need to have proper and adequate
knowledge to keep up with the rapid change in this technology.

BIM offers great effectiveness and efficiency through the sharing and collaboration of
information and skills from all professions. In construction supply chain management
setting, BIM has the advantage to provide detailed take-off, enhancing speed for early
stage procurement process, planning of building materials delivery, life cycle analysis
and costing as well as assisting in asset management level.

Nonetheless, no matter how advance this technology develop, for now, there is still a
need of quantity surveyors involved for quantities from the model could only be used as
a basis for bills of quantities (BQ) measurement, but could hardly be confidently and
directly used as final BQ quantities. A qualified quantity surveyor will be the key to carry
cross-checks, make amendments and add sundry items in accordance to the standard
measurement methods.

Page 31
8.0 Conclusion & Recommendation

For there are positive impacts, there will always be barriers and challenges in the
implementation of any new technology to the people. BIM implementation can be
concluded as a digital representation of technological evolution to many benefiters,
from the designers to quantity surveyors, contractors and clients in the design and
construction stages to occupants and facilities managers during post-construction
stages. In quantity surveyor context, BIM has a direct impact on quantities taking
off, cost estimating and cost management.

While most quantity surveyors are generally aware of BIM, there is still a lack of
knowledge and understanding on its implementation and application. This would
possess a threat for them to fully utilized BIM, which could possibly fundamentally
change their role working with BIM or for the future generations of young quantity
surveyors. Other barriers and challenges such as lack of client, lack of government
standard, high cost of implementation and even reluctance to change would be a
hindrance to its development in our country. This does not only happen in Malaysia
but also developing and advanced countries like United Kingdom and Singapore.

Recommendations for more usage of this software would be starting with the
initiative from government to set proper standard guidelines, more organization
implementing BIM software systems into their project and even the provide of proper
BIM knowledge, skills and training. With all these given, quantity surveyors should be
able to master this skill well, provided they are willing to change and learn, utilizing
their existing measurement knowledge into technology practise.

Being a global issue, if proper strategies were taken, Malaysian will all benefit from
this said technology for in the end of the day, it is for the good of producing a better
end product of construction project.

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