This document provides a list of key words to improve English writing, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, and prepositions. It covers linguistic functions such as listing points, giving examples and opinions, making generalizations, and expressing contrasts, conclusions, causes, and consequences. Phrases are also included for telling stories, expressing frequency, purpose, probability, and conditions. The document aims to expand vocabulary for discussing topics like mass media, advertising, and news reporting.
This document provides a list of key words to improve English writing, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, and prepositions. It covers linguistic functions such as listing points, giving examples and opinions, making generalizations, and expressing contrasts, conclusions, causes, and consequences. Phrases are also included for telling stories, expressing frequency, purpose, probability, and conditions. The document aims to expand vocabulary for discussing topics like mass media, advertising, and news reporting.
This document provides a list of key words to improve English writing, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, and prepositions. It covers linguistic functions such as listing points, giving examples and opinions, making generalizations, and expressing contrasts, conclusions, causes, and consequences. Phrases are also included for telling stories, expressing frequency, purpose, probability, and conditions. The document aims to expand vocabulary for discussing topics like mass media, advertising, and news reporting.
VERBS: 1.- Take place: Tener lugar, ocurrir. 1.- LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS: 2.- Develop (reg): desarrollar. 1.- Listing points (enumerar) 3.- Succeed (in) (reg): tener xito en. - First/ Firstly/First of all. 4.- Agree (reg): estar de acuerdo. - Second/ Secondly 5.- Cause (reg): causar -Third/thirdly 6.- Solve (reg): solucionar. - Finally/ Lastly/ last but not least. 7.- Put an end to = fnish: poner fin a - 2.- Givng examples 8.- Fail (in) (reg): fallar, fracasar, suspender - For example 9.- Deserve (reg) merecer. - For instance 10. Lead -led- led: guiar, conducir a - such as (como, tales como) 11. Mean-meant-meant (+Ving): implicar,suponer 3.- Giving personal opinions 12. Result (in) (reg): Traer como consecuencia. 3. -1 agree with (something or 13. Make a good/bad use of: Hacer buen/mal uso. somebody) 14. Benefit (from): beneficiarse de. -1 agree that..... 15. Damage (reg): perjudicar. -1 agree strongly 16. Prevent somebody from + Ving. Impedir up to a point / to a certain extent 17. Make sure + of7that + clause: asegurarse. -1 disagree = I don't agree 18. State (reg) : afirmar, exponer,declarar. - To my mind / In my opinion / In my 19. Stress (reg): recalcar, hacer hincapi. 20- view Advise (reg): aconsejar. - From my point of view. 21. Report (reg): informar, dar parte de 4.- Making generalizations 22. Come to a conclusin: Llegar a una conclusin - In general 23. Be willing (+ To Infnitve): Estar dispuesto a - Broadly speaking=Roughly speaking - 24. Be unwilling: ser reacio a Basically 25. Reject (reg) = Turn down: rechazar 5.- Expressing contrasts 26. Lie-lay-lain (in): Estar tumbado/estar situado -But 27. Be located: estar situado en (lugares) - However=Nevertheless (sin embargo) 28. Have nothing to do with: no tener nada que ver -Whereas=While (mientras) 29- Share (reg): compartir - On the one hand.....On the other hand 30. SOME PREPOSITIONAL VERBS - Although/ even though +-Clause -Depend on (reg); - Insist on (reg) - Despite = In spite of + Ving + noun. - Listen to (reg) - Despite/ In spite of the fact + Clause. - Talk to (reg) 6.- Giving conclusions -Deal with (deal-dealt-dealt): tratar de; ir sobre - In short -Worry about (reg) -To sum up -In conclusion - Care about: importar 7.- Rephrasing ideas -Be aware of (estar enterado de) - In other words. - Remind someone of (reg) recordarle a alguier -That is to say -Suffer from (reg): padecer de - To make a long story short (colloq) -Belong to (reg) pertenecer .- 8.- Saying obvious things - Be responsible for: ser responsable de - Obviously/ No doubt e -There is no - Blame (someone) for: culpar por need to say that..... - Have influence on: Tener influencia en -I needn't say that... 31.- Have in common: tener en comn -Everybody knows..... 32.- Replace (reg) sustituir 33.- Wonder (reg): preguntarse 34.- Struggle (reg): luchar, hacer todo lo posible 35.- Do one's best: Hacer algo lo mejor posible NOUNS: 1.- Feature: caracterstica 9.- Adding extra Information 2.- Behaviour: comportamiento - Besides: adems 3.- Meaning: significado - Furthermore: Es ms,... 4.- Human being: ser humano - What's more: Es ms 5.- Individual: individuo - In addition (to this),... 6.- Mankind: humanidad 10.- Expressing cause 7.- (to do) harm: ( hacer) dao, perjuicio - Because / as (conjuncin)+ Clause 8.- Landscape: paisaje - Because of + Noun 9.- Resources: recursos (en el amplio sentido) -Due to (prep) 10- Event: acontecimiento - Owing to + Ving- 11- Amount: cantidad - This is why + Clause 12- Boundary= borden lmite, frontera - (have) a reason + Inf: una razn para 13- Resemblance: semejanza 11. Expressing consequence or result 14- Development: desarrollo - so + adj/adv + that............ 15- (in a) Mess= chaos: desastre, caos - so much /so many + noun + that..... 16.- a kind of= a sort of: un tipo de; una clase de - such (a) + (adj) + noun + that 17.- a waste of: una perdida o desperdicio - As a consequence ... 18.- Knowledge (incontable): conocimiento(s) - As a result , como consecuencia 19- Disease= Illness: enfermedad - Consequently 20- A good humour - So: por lo tanto; por consiguiente A bad sense of responsibility - Therefore/ Thus: por lo tanto A deep duty 12.- Expressing purpose (finalidad) A wrong justice, freedom, - In order to 21.- Feeling: sentimiento - To +Infinitive (mismo sujeto) 22.- Crowd: multitud, gento - So as (not) to 23.- Punishment: castigo - so that/ so + Clause (normalmente 24.-Advantage # Disadvantage: ventaja# desvent distinto Sujeto) 25.-Advantanges and disadvantages:pros & cons 13.- Expressng probability 26- Effect: efecto. - probably: probablemente 27- Danger: peligro - To be likely to: ser probably 28- Issue: tema; 29- Problem - In all probability:con toda probabilidad 30- Solution - There's a good chance that: es muy 31- Life#death probable 32- Aim/ Target objetivo, blanco 14.- Expressing a conditon 33- (to play) the role: (desempear el) rol, papel - If: si ADJETIVOS. - Unless: a menos que 1.- main= the most important - as long as/provided/providing: con tal 2.- relevant: 3.- essential que 4.- meaningful # meaningless - Otherwise: de lo contrario. 5.- key= clave - On the condition that. Con la 6.- well-known : conocido condicin de que 7.- harmful # harmless prejudicial/inocuo - In case: por si acaso 8.- proud of: orgulloso 9.- sensitivo: sensible 10. sensible: sensato 11. old-fashioned # fashionable - In (to be in fashion # to be out of fashion) 12.- skillful (at, in): hbil MASS MEDIA: 15.- Expressing surprise 1.- Media: medios de comunicacin -what (a) +(adj) + noun!; qu 2.- Broadcast-Broadcast-Broadcast: transmitir - such (a) + (adj) + noun!: tan 3.- Televisin - how + Adj/adverb: qu television set: aparato de televisin - so + adj/ adverb: tan programme (BrE) program (AmE): programa - so much + uncountable noun serial: serie - so many + plural noun. series: serie 16.- Telling stores (linkers & phrases) chat-show: prog. de entrevistas informales - There was /were once: Haba una vez documentary: documental - Once upon a time: Erase una vez soap opera: culebrn. - Used to: sola / imperfectoindicativo Quiz-show: programa concurso - In the past - Nowadays/ currently/ at present The news: telediario - Suddenly: de repente 4.- Press - so far: por ahora (con present Perf) newpaper (paper): peridico magazine: revista - at dawn/ at sunrise : al amanecer tabloid: peridico sensacionalista - at sunset/ at dusk: al atardecer journalist: periodista - From now on: de ahora en adelante reader: lector - From time to time: de vez en cuando literate # illiterate: culto/ analfabeto - All night/day long: todo la noche/da - article: artculo - Every other day/: un da s y otro no. - headlines: titulares. - at first. Al principio 5.- Radio - before : antes + 1: noun radio station: emisora after: despus + 2:clause(S+V+C) (to be) on the air: estar en el aire. + 3: + Ving >.- Advertising - afterwards/Next: a continuacin Advertising: publicidad - as soon as: tan pronto como Advertise: anunciar - at the end : al final Advertisement/ advert/ ad: anuncio -at last!: por fin. Commercial: anuncio (tele o radio) Expressing frequency (How often?) Market: mercado recuerda su posicin: Marketing: comercializacin. I.- Entre sujeto y verbo Billboard: valla publicitaria. II.- Si hay auxiliar, despus de l.) Target: objetivo/blanco. - always: siempre; - usually/often Consumers: consumidores. - sometimes Hidden persuaders: persuasores ocultos. - hardly/seldom/rarely; - never Advertising aims: - Once a day/year/week/month -sell -sold -sold -Twice ; - Three /Fout times a -create needs: crear necesidades 18.- Letter wrring -Dear Michael,.... -inform - Give my regards to... (da recuerdos) -hide the negative aspects. -1 hope to hear from you soon -Persuade or convince: persuadir o convencer - All the best -Have influence on: tener influencia en - Dear Sir/ Madam -Put emphasis on (stress the attractive aspects) - I'm writing in connection with.... - Thank you for your letter of (date) -1 look forward to your reply - In reply to your (advertisement,etc) - Please send me firther details. -1 endose a curriculum vitat* - Yours faithfully, Yors sincerely WAR AND PEACE: LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS: -( be) at war. -Declare war on: declare - Battle: batalla - Conflict The Navy: la marina The Army: ejercito (de tierra) The Air Forces: fuerzas aereas Join the army: alistarse al ejercito Troop: tropa Soldier: soldado Shoot-shot-shot: disparar (Take) revenge on Shelter: vb.-refugiarse n.- refugio, cobijo Threat: amenaza Threaten: amenazar Coward (noun): cobarde Cowardly (adj): cobarde Prisoner: prisionero Imprison (vt): apresar ; Prison Refugee: refugiado Battlefield: campo de batalla Torture: tortura Execution: ejecucin. To defend: defender Defence: defensa Defenceless (adj): indefenso Victory: victoria Defeat (reg): derrotar (to suffer) a defeat: sufrir uan derrota To risk: arriesgar (to run) a risk: (correr) un riesgo (to be) at risk: estar en peligro. Guns: pistolas Weapons= arms: armas. Shell: (noun): proyectil. To shell: lanzar proyectiles Safe: (adj) :seguro (a salvo, fuera de peligro) Secure (adj): seguro (a nivel psicolgico) (to be) sure: (adj): seguro, (tener la certeza) Courage: valenta Brave: valiente Hero: hroe To have guts: tener agallas. Enemy: enemigo Peaceful # peaceless Peace-keeping forces: fuerzas de paz. Concentration camp: campo de concentracin. Relase: liberar.