Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 3ric
1 3ric
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Chapter I
Introduction
changes in the economic and social structure of a nation (Embong, 2014). The
learning online, accessible technological support for online education, the support
and compensation required for high-quality instructors, and the demands of pupils
necessary to look into a non-academic scope. The majority of Filipino book readers
prefer their books in print (Lapena-GMA News, 2012). Seventy percent of the
1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
eighty percent of Filipinos who read books prefer printed books with original
covers, the Philippine National Book Development Board survey said. Honey C.
de Peralta, VP & Gen. Manager of Flipside Publishing Services, Inc. said that
more aware of e-Books. But while there seems to be a clamor for it, she admitted
sales are a different matter, especially for trade. "E-Books in the Philippines is very
much in its early days, but we're excited to be in the frontier so we can test things
out."
and overall preference of e-Books and textbooks. This research utilized mixed
focuses on how the students and teachers are presently perceiving and
researchers applied the survey method and the focused group discussion
2
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Theoretical Framework
One of the main questions about the future of print books and e-Books in
an academic context is whether e-Books will replace print books. The idea of
why people, prefer one medium over another, it is necessary to Investigate their
motivations.
(DOI), suggests that users would choose one medium over another based on the
attributes of the new medium namely four factors: relative advantage, complexity,
trialability, and experience (Rogers, 2003). This theory will be applied in the
research through the survey questionnaires; the four factors will be used as the
of the medium is insufficient to fully understand why anyone would pick an e-Book
medium.
3
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Conceptual Framework
Sex
Year Level
Monthly Preference &
Household Income Suggestions
Available Gadgets
EBooks
Usage & Perceptions
Textbooks
Complexity
Experience
Relative
Advantage
Economics
4
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
The schematic diagram shows the systematic flow of the study and the
variables that are involved in this study. Specifically, the diagram is illustrated using
two rectangular boxes. The 1st rectangular box encloses the variables that state
illustrated in the 2nd rectangular box which presents the two forms of studying
materials: eBooks and textbooks. This aspect of the study was determined after
conducting the survey and the FGD. The arrow which connects the first box to the
second box indicates that in the progression of the study, the researchers identified
theory of variables from previous studies. After the distribution of surveys, retrieval,
of the data, the researchers have moved toward forming a conclusion which is
This study aims to know the insights of the students and teachers of
Tandag National Science High School toward the use of eBooks and Textbooks in
an academic context.
5
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
1.1 Sex
2. What are the perceptions of students in using both textbooks and e-Books
in an academic context?
Null Hypothesis
6
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
in contrast to e-Books.
with e-Books.
It is hoped that the output of this study will be significant and beneficial
to the following:
Administrators. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will give the
materials, in contrast to the traditional textbooks. The results of this study will give
them awareness and idea about which particular aspect of learning materials
Awareness on this matter will enable them to initiate appropriate actions relative
to the findings.
7
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
and significance of the study. It is anticipated that the notion of using eBooks as
this study will guide them to become more responsive to the needs of the students.
Eventually, it will give way to the enhancement of the teachers' and display more
Students. Through this, students are expected to benefit from the findings.
approach.
deepen their knowledge about learning materials and the process of implementing
This study is primarily guided with the aim to know the perceptions of both students
limited only in Tandag City specifically in Tandag National Science High School as
8
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Definition of Terms
E-Books. The electronic version of a traditional print book that can be read by
Economics. The science that deals with the production, distribution, and
Perception. A thought, belief, or opinion, often held by many people and based
on appearances.
Textbooks. Printed and bound artefact for each year or course of study
a certain subject.
9
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the literature and studies done prior to this research.
This will provide the background and the current issues related to the research
topic. It will also offer enrichment to the basic concepts being established in this
research.
Related Literatures
Foreign
As we move further into the Digital Age, the way we look at things is
changing. Similarly, our paradigm of the book needs to shift to encompass todays
variety of book formats, both print and digital. Educators need to recognize the
advantages, options, scaffolds, and supports that these digital forms present
(Cavanaugh, 2010).
The first is Moores law of electronics, indicating that computer systems have been
cost). The second factor is that the amount of information in the world has been
doubling every four years since before the turn of the last century. The third factor
is the Internet, a system that allow for communication, sharing, and the transfer of
information.
10
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
backpack-related injuries (Dr. Cancio, 2012). The use of tablets in the K-12
classroom solves the dilemma, as a tablet filled with 3,500 e-Books weighs only
around 1-2 pounds. The same number of physical books would weigh about two
tons - four thousand times heavier than the weight of a tablet. In the continuous
effort of the government to address the problems the education sector faces, it is
textbooks.
The printed world is central to our culture, and many teachers make reading
the primary focus of education. Digital media, including electronic text, surpass the
traditional forms in the ability to meet various student needs (Rose & Meyer, 2006).
While reading may always be a constant in education, what may change is the way
that we teach reading and the tools that we use. Electronic books are among the
newest forms of reading materials that educators can use in their tool kit.
advanced and information was stored and disseminated in print on paper. Now it
electronic methods. Students will need to become familiar with these digital tools
as we once had to be with that large wooden catalog at the front of a library
(Postman, 2008).
11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Local
Proponents of tablets say that they are supported by most teachers and
students, are much lighter than print textbooks, and improve standardized test
scores. They say that tablets can hold hundreds of textbooks, and save the
there is much more to tablets than a mere light and nifty electronic book reader
(De Peralta, 2011). Tablets pave the way to a wider and unlimited source of
learning which improve students cognitive capacity and increase their interactivity
and creativity.
Opponents of tablets say that they are expensive, too distracting for
students, easy to break, and costly/time-consuming to fix. They say that tablets
available for students not doing their homework, require costly Wi-Fi networks, and
classroom more engaging. Tablets can also solve the patent lack of books and
12
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
organizations, and other firms around the country. Vibal Publishing House, Inc. for
example, has partnered with Microsoft Corporation to run open source applications
for secure, fast and flexible delivery of digital learning tools (Brown, 2013). Vibal
also introduced two low-cost tablet models which will be loaded with interactive
Math and Science application modules as part of the initiatives of the Department
(Villavicencio, 2012).
Related Studies
Foreign
encountered both an expressed preference for print among students and faculty
devices, which they used primarily for leisure reading. The same population was
largely uninterested in borrowing e-Books from their academic library and was
13
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
expressed strong preferences for print; but, in actual practice, they were satisfied
2007 and 2009 found four distinctive responses to e-Books (Messner, et al, 2012).
Those whom they identified as book lovers were the largest category, at just over
media but care more about the content than the container). Differences among
a preference for having access to both print and electronic formats for books
State University found that, overall, more patrons expressed a preference for print
over e-Books, but the largest group of respondents was indifferent about format.
most of the sciences more interested in e-Books, and users in the humanities,
social sciences, and agriculture and veterinary sciences preferring print (Smyth &
Carlin, 2012).
14
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Local
The National Book Development Board (2012) Readership survey stated that the
number of e-Book readers in the Philippines is around three million. Still, the
majority of Filipino book readers prefer their books in print 90 percent of the 80
percent of Filipinos who read books prefer printed books with original covers, the
Comparative Literature, said in a study on e-Book Readers that books, the so-
called last bastion of the analog world, is undergoing a major technological shift,
which did not really happen until now. Jurilla emphasized the repetitions and
Speech and writing co-existed and continue to co-exist, papyrus rolls co-existed
with codices and even handwritten manuscripts co-existed with the earliest printed
are formed. As a result it has the potential to create or build a culture, but it also
introduction and adoption of this new technology can be potent enough for the
15
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
(White, 2009).
A local study by Sheridan (2013) have looked at how students use e-Books.
In the study that used a talk-aloud protocol, students were confused by the variety
difficult. It also found that students were more likely to annotate or take notes on
texts that were in print form, finding them more conducive to concentration, than
when they read electronic texts, which they were more likely to skim, though a
social, cultural and economic realities. Students are the principal recipients of
encounter. Since the education sector is not an independent entity, its support
16
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Synthesis
Previous studies have shown how people are continuously, over the years,
as academic material though may vary, and preference for the traditional textbooks
are still evident. Both local and foreign literature that discuss e-Books expressed
that there is a certain criteria and necessities when it comes to adopting a media
academic institutions. Local schools have already started adopting the use of e-
17
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
research subjects, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data that
are used for the study. This is where viability of the study is established.
Research Design
the students and teachers of Tandag National Science High. In the quantitative
treatment. For the qualitative aspect, a focused group discussion was conducted
Research Instruments
guide which was followed by the interviewer and was shown to the participants
before conducting the FGD. This is to further identify the advantages and
18
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Validation of Instruments
Since the research questionnaire and FGD interview guide were made by
the researchers, validation was deemed necessary. To forego with the validation
process, the researchers requested a panel of validators who are experts in the
field of Education (teachers from Tandag National Science High School) to validate
and look into the said instruments as to their content. Three Content validators
joined the panel. The suggestions and comments given by the validators were
questionnaire and the interview guide. Once all corrections have been carried out,
the revised instruments were given back for their final approval.
Sampling Procedure
The method that was used to find the participants for conducting the
surveys is the stratified random sampling through Slovens formula. After getting
the result, the researchers will use fishbowl method to identify the participants.
For FGD, 10 teachers from junior and senior level were chosen as the
respondents. The primary criteria for choosing them are their knowledge and
sampling. The researchers identified the groups/individuals that will best meet the
needs of the research (Cullingworth, 2001). In this case, it was any classroom and
faculty teachers who are willing to be part of this study and have responded to our
19
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Research Setting
school caters students in grades seventh through twelve. This school comprises a
Research Respondents
The subjects of this study are students and selected teachers in Tandag
National Science High School for the school year 2017-2018. There are two
sections for the Grade 11-HUMSS and Grade 7. The rest of grade level has only
one section each grading and there are approximately 241 for the Grade 11 and
approximately 250 students in the Grade 7-10 and Grade 12 of each strand in total
of 488 students enrolled. The number of participants chosen for each grade level
and strand was found through Slovens formula with 95% confidence level.
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Grade 7 23 10
Euler
25 12
Eldridge
20
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Grade 8 30 13
Grade 9 44 20
Grade 10 34 15
Grade 11 45 20
STEM
49 22
ABM
HUMSS A 58 26
HUMSS B 26
58
ICT/GAS
39 17
Grade 12 27 12
STEM
ABM,ICT, 38 17
GAS
HUMSS 24 11
In this study, the gathering of data was conducted in two phases. The first
phase was the distribution and collection of survey questionnaires that involves
primary and secondary school teachers and students of Tandag National Science
21
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
permission from the school heads and have formally asked the consent of the
utilized a conversational approach to put the interviewee at ease and willing to give
Data Analysis
phone and then transcribed. All the responses from each of the given questions
will be encoded and separated according to their contrast (positive, negative, and
After the retrieval of the questionnaires, data were tallied and treated with
22
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
(ANOVA) to analyze the difference between the demographic profiles and the
corresponding perceptions.
For the focused group discussion, Formulation of Themes, for the interpretation
interview.
23
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
gathered in the study. The sequence of the discussion was based on how
Table 2.1
Sex
Sex Frequency Percent
Male 51 39.2
Female 79 60.8
Total 221 100.0
Table 2.2
Grade Level
Table 2.3
Monthly Household Income
24
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.4
Number of Household Gadgets
(61%) is slightly higher than that of the males (39%). Previous studies on
readership have predicted that gender is a major factor wherein 77% of women
have read at least one book over the twelve month period before the said study.
However, this only accounts to readership, not specifically on e-Books, nor in the
academic context.
This is for the reason that the same percentage is recognized in the student
25
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
survey questionnaires have been observed when each strand of senior high comes
into factor. Following grade 11 students are the grade 12 students comprising
16.2% of the sample size, with grade 10 as the least in amount with 5.4% (about
7 students).
within their household, accumulate less than 10,000 monthly, while those earning
30,000 or more are comprising the least (14.6%). Know that this study will not
focus on whether students along with their families can afford e-reading as
E-Readers can take form in almost any gadget. This implies its most core
requirement the gadget itself. 35% of the respondents said they have at least
one gadget available within their household. 18% said they have at least two
different gadgets. Those who have five different gadgets available within their
Table 3
EXPERIENCE AND READERSHIP
26
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Std. Adjectival
Mean
Deviation Rating
A. Experience
1. I prefer reading via e- 2.78 1.18 Undecided
Books rather than
books.
2. Most of my reading 3.30 1.13 Undecided
time is spent on
gadgets.
3. I read e-Books usually 2.95 1.17 Undecided
for my own leisure.
4. I use e-Books 2.91 1.11 Undecided
primarily for academic
purposes.
5. E-Books have 2.80 1.20 Undecided
changed the way I
study.
Average 2.95 .761 Undecided
Notice how most of the adjectival rating stated are Undecided, but the
Standard Deviation (for a Likert scale) is actually quite high. This means that not
only did most students answer Undecided, but the amount of those who agreed
and disagreed are almost equal. When asked about which would be their
preferable reading material, 35 out of the 130 or 27% students were in favor
preferred books (answered 1 or 2 on the Likert scale). Although it does not dwell
in the academic scope, this correlates with previous studies that have shown that
27
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
people still preferred reading through physical books, despite these studies being
conducted years ago (Rose & Meyer, 2006; Flanagin & Metzger, 2001). When
asked about their reading time, 51% agreed that it is more spent on the form of
While the study focuses on the academic context of the reading materials,
39% of the participants said that they only prefer reading e-Books for leisure and
only 29% disagreed and said they use it for academic purposes. This is in
though only a small percentage owned dedicated e-reading devices, which they
used primarily for leisure reading. The same population was largely uninterested
in borrowing e-Books from their academic library. When asked whether the usage
of e-Books have changed the way the student studies, 30% agreed while 27%
disagreed. 42% were undecided. With a total average of 2.95, we cannot draw a
clear conclusion due to the variation of the responses. Nonetheless, this variation
Table 4
COMPLEXITY OF USAGE
Std. Adjectival
B. Complexity Mean
Deviation Rating
6. Reading e-Books, for 3.47 1.10 Agree
me, is electronically
difficult.
28
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
researchers have formulated five questions that answer the Complexity factor in
the Diffusion of Media. When asked if readers find it difficult to read an e-Book,
surprisingly, 55% agree while only 27% disagree. Another factor of complexity is
when transferring files from different devices compared to simply giving a book to
another person. 48% agree with finding the process of transferring rather complex,
Reader or the e-Book itself, 40% find it difficult, while 18% disagree with the
statement. The case is no longer the same when it comes to charging a device
though, where 43% dont mind having to charge a device and 30% find it
according to previous studies, is the need to update and patch the firmware or
29
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
software. The same case applies to most e-Readers and e-Book software. 37%
These results conform to a local study by Sheridan (2013) which found that
students were confused by the variety of interfaces used by e-Book platforms and
found navigation within e-Books difficult. It also found that students were more
likely to annotate or take notes on texts that were in print form, finding them more
conducive to concentration, than when they read electronic texts, which they were
Table 5
RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF BOTH MEDIA
30
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
stated to see whether they are aware and agree with each of the statement. 69%
of the participants agreed that e-Books are much easier to get or buy than
textbooks while 30% disagreed. This implies how students perceive the
worrying about space, 45% agree, which is the same with the advantage of being
able to carry a library of books within one device. The advantage that most of the
participants have agreed with is being able to easily access a dictionary and a
thesaurus with 74% agreement. This is just one of the utilities offered by an e-
31
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Book, the other being its ability to change font types and sizes with 62%
(2016), stating that e-Books are supported by most teachers and students, are
much lighter than print textbooks, and improve standardized test scores. They say
that tablets can hold hundreds of textbooks, and pave the way to a wider and
mean of the results from the Likert scale is 2.63 which is significantly lower than
that of the e-Books with an average mean of 3.41. Only 23% agreed with the
statement of being able to carry a physical item, while 46% disagreed. When it
comes to the process of adding books for a library collection, 23% percent agreed
while most 50%, again disagreed with the statement. Another advantage of the
accomplishment when he is able to physically see how many pages he has read.
Only 21% agree with the statement. 60% have disagreed, giving it an average
mean of 2.5. One other unique advantage of the physical book is its aroma.
Although odd, it has surprisingly been a common reason why readers still prefer
physical books. Only 32% of the participants agreed with the statement while 46%
disagreed.
Table 6
ECONOMIC FACTORS OF BOTH MEDIA
32
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Std. Adjectival
D. Economics Mean
Deviation Rating
21. I think e-Books are fairly 3.28 1.03 Undecided
cheaper than printed versions.
22. Even if their prices were 2.77 1.10 Undecided
the same, I would still rather
buy e-Books over textbooks.
23. I think printed material 2.90 .939 Undecided
wont last long as academic
materials.
24. I believe that technology is 3.49 1.31 Agree
taking over our society.
25. I think physical textbooks 3.47 1.03 Agree
will become obsolete in the
future in schools (K-12) and
colleges.
Average 3.18 .731 Undecided
The final factor that is involved with the perception of two different media is
economics. How a person perceives the longevity and existence of a certain media
can tell a lot about how he/she interprets the concept of the media in this case,
e-Books. 40% of the participants agree with e-Books being fairly cheaper than
printed material, while 21% disagreed. Although, in a situation where the prices of
both media were the same, results show that respondents would rather buy a
textbook with 37% disagreement on the given statement (no.22) and only 26%
magazines, newspapers, etc. wont last long, 28% disagreed while only 24%
33
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Although away from the academic context, but still with great relevance with
the study, when asked if technology is taking over our society, 56% agreed while
only 26% disagreed with the statement. This implies how the respondents
in accordance to a study by Postman (2008) which stated that the academic world
is experiencing the ongoing evolution of text. Now it is moving into an age in which
Finally, when stated that physical textbooks will become obsolete in the future in
schools and colleges, 55% agreed while only 17% disagreed with the statement.
With an average mean of 3.2, it is fair to say that the respondents are aware of the
existence and relevance of e-Books and e-Reading, but have not completely
Table 7
SEX
34
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
respondents sex and their overall perception on e-Books. The table portrays the
computed F-ratio of .638 which is more than the significance level at a=0.05. Thus,
sex. This implies that students have varying overall perception on the use of e-
Books independent of their sex, but they are equally likely to read digital-format
books.
Table 8
GRADE LEVEL
respondents grade level and their overall perception on e-Books. The table
portrays the computed F-ratio of 1.516 which is more than the significance level at
35
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
as to his/her grade level. This result implies that students have different
preferences on reading materials, independent of their grade level and even age,
for that matter. Students from different sections will have differing perceptions with
no fixed preference that can be predicted. Note that this does not involve
readership, reading skills or the like, instead only the overall preference of reading
materials.
Table 9
MONTHLY INCOME
The table portrays the computed F-ratio of .465 which is more than the significance
36
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
monthly household income does not come into factor in predicting whether a
person would prefer one reading material over another. Note that this does not
alone.
Table 10
HOUSEHOLD GADGETS AVAILABLE
Books. The table portrays the computed F-ratio of 1.495 which is more than the
37
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
the household. E-Books can take form in almost any gadget. This implies its most
core requirement the gadget itself. Despite it being essential in the pursuit of
reading in the digital platform, it is not an affecting factor when it comes to their
existing lack of availability or access to gadgets, it does not play a role on predicting
Foasberg (2011) expressed that attitudes and stratifications may not predict actual
Table 11
Transcript from Focused Group Discussion
Question Response
A.1.1: Yes, compared to a book thats easy to use,
1. Do you find the
kailangan familiar ka pa sa usage ng devices. Paano pa if
use of e-Books nagka-error or virus.
complicated? B.1.2: For me, because lets just say, E-book is not
complicated to use but for some, I guess, lalo na yung
hindi sanay sa gadgets, it will be complicated for them. So
38
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
39
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
40
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
41
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
42
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
43
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
44
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
In table 11, the five questions that were asked in the focused group
discussion are indicated on the left column. The corresponding answers and
responses of each teacher interviewed are stated on the right column. Each
response is organized and classified into groups. The first letter (A, B, C or D)
from the contrast of answers (usually: positive, negative, and neutral). There are
45
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
reaction, instead, inquires factors. This case applies to the second question
When asked whether teachers find the use of e-Books complicated, only
one out of ten teachers responded positively, saying it requires familiarity in usage,
also adding the fact that devices could produce errors than can disrupt the reading
process. The rest of the nine teachers responded in contrary, saying they dont
find the use of e-Books nor the devices that comes with it to be complicated. Even
adding how e-Books are, in fact, convenient and user-friendly. Some of the
teachers also referred to how e-Books is actually part of their teaching process
implies how most teachers are familiar with the use of e-Books and, in some cases,
applied in within their method of teaching. This finding is corroborated to the study
of Rose & Meyer (2006) which stated that digital media, including electronic text,
surpass the traditional forms in the ability to meet various student needs. Electronic
books are among the newest forms of reading materials that educators can use
advantage in using e-Books over textbooks. The keywords and main ideas were
46
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
responses of the teachers were classified according to the key factor of advantage
factors include how it is easy to manipulate and its portability. The stated factors,
Dr. Cancio (2012), who stated that the most obvious benefit of using tablets in
schools is that it solves the problem of backpack-related injuries, due to its weight.
Thus, the use of tablets in the K-12 classroom solves the dilemma, as a tablet filled
with 3,500 e-Books weighs only around 1-2 pounds. The same number of physical
books would weigh about two tons - four thousand (4000) times heavier than the
weight of a tablet.
The third question inquires the teachers remarks on the fact that schools
are adopting the use of e-Books as academic materials. Most of the teachers
responded positively, stating how it is millennial and modern for teachers and
students adapting towards the new style of teaching and learning. Some added
that it is only somehow normal to transition from the traditional methods into
the diffusion of media. Two out of the ten teachers, however, responded
conflictingly towards the notion. They mentioned how students from poverty-
stricken families would lack access to the kinds of utilities offered by e-Book-based
learning and how, overall, it wouldnt be available for everyone, and should best
be kept only in big universities and institutions. Another stated the fact that despite
47
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
its advantages, a teacher, still, wouldnt be able to reassure that a student has
actually used an e-Book for his/her studies. Adding that it needs to guarantee and
reassure the problem that existed along with textbooks in the most literal sense,
In relation to the participants awareness towards this new media, for the
fourth question, they were asked to surmise how long would printed material
(magazines, newspaper, textbooks, etc.) last. One out of the three teachers who
said that printed material will last. To avoid misinterpretation, the mentioned word
last refers to the definition: to continue to exist. When a teacher says textbooks
Two out of the ten teachers said that it will last for about five years,
institutions. One teacher remarked that it will only last in about a year or two,
considering the current situation wherein students would hardly even touch their
textbooks, and how e-Books can be a more interactive and interesting way of
learning. On the contrary, seven out of ten teachers said that books will always
continue to exist. The respondents said that despite the previously mentioned
advantages of e-Books, textbooks will always be used and read. Not only for the
reason of its functions as hard copies which is essential for research, among
others, but also due to, simply, how people still prefer printed books.
48
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
One of the respondents also mentioned how health risks are the undeniable
previous study that found that readers who used Kindles were less competent in
recalling the plot and events in the book than those who used paperbacks. Anne
Mangen (2014), an author of the study, stated that digitization of text also means
its likely to be more fragmented, full of disturbances and links that can lead you to
anywhere on the Internet. Reading on an iPad with the ability to check Facebook
provides an avenue to take breaks way too often. Another study by Czeisler
(2014) mentioned how sleep deficiency has been shown to increase the risk of
cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes, and cancer.
Thus, the melatonin suppression that we saw in this study among participants
when they were reading from the light-emitting e-reader concerns us.
In relation to how e-Books are in the process of taking over the academic
processes and how textbooks are in the risk of becoming out-of-date, for the final
question, teachers were asked if they think physical textbooks and notebooks will
become obsolete due to electronical devices such as the iPad. Seven out of the
ten teachers said physical books will not become obsolete, and will always exist.
49
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
corresponding recommendations.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The results from the demographic profile of respondents show that the
sample size of this study is composed mostly of female by 64%. The distribution
accumulate less than 10,000 monthly, while those earning more than 30,000
50
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
are at about 15%. 35% of the respondents have at least one available gadget in
Results on perceptions of students show that e-Books are read and used
the recognized advantages of e-Books, 55% still find the use and manipulation of
e-Book devices difficult and the need for maintenance (charging, updating, etc.) of
devices to be frustrating and tedious. Inquiry in the economic factors of both media
shows that 55% of students believe that physical textbooks will become obsolete
as academic materials.
analysis show that gender, grade level, household gadgets available, and income
level have no significant impact on print and e-Book readership and preference.
Results from the focused group discussion show how most teachers are
familiar with the ways of e-Books and how it can be applied in their teaching
adopting the use of e-Books, most teachers responded positively. On the contrary,
when asked if e-Books will soon replace textbooks as academic materials, most of
the respondents said that books will always be used and read, despite the
advantages of e-Books.
51
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Conclusions
In the academic context, e-Books are not yet positioned to take over print
books, despite rising sales and readership in recent years. Results of perceptions
of students show that there is no imminent concern for e-Book takeover. According
to Rogers diffusion theory (2003) as laid out in the theoretical framework earlier,
the adoption process goes slowly at first, speeds up, and slows again to form an
s-shaped curve. Results of perceptions suggests that while e-Books are becoming
more popular, the process of diffusion or adoption of e-Books is still on the rise and
Both print books and e-Books have unique attributes and serve distinct
demographic and contextual factors. The results of this study support the notion
that e-Books have firmly established a place in students and teachers lives as
well as their academic pursuits, due to the convenient way in which they allow
them to access their reading content, either for leisure or academic purposes, in
other and shall continue to co-exist. As they stand, e-Books and print books
52
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
The results of this study illustrate that there are a variety of factors that
may the functions of e-Books. Future research should take into consideration the
context and situation of the individual, the characteristics of the medium, and the
functions that print/e-Books can fulfill in order to better understand the choices and
Recommendations
in order to utilize the functions of digital learning. In obtaining quality education, the
use of e-Books must be realized and further evaluated to improve the educators
view of e-Books and print books as they stand at this time. A longitudinal study
53
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
with more emphasis on function could provide a more comprehensive picture and
a more accurate prediction of whether e-Books will ever fully replace print books
and why.
Readers are a rapidly evolving and popular technology that is of great interest to
media companies and publishing companies. Findings from this study provide a
implemented.
54
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES CITED
Aquino III, B.C. (2012). Speech of President Aquino at the launch of the K to 12
Basic Education Program on April 24, 2012 (English translation).
Brown, M. (2013). Vibal Publishing chooses Microsofts Windows Azure for more
efficient delivery of digital learning tools. Microsoft Philippines. Retrieved October
13, 2017 from http://www.microsoft.com/philippines/pressroom/Vibal-chooses-
Microsofts-Windows-Azure.aspx
Burkus, M. (2014). Mass Media in the Marketplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
Cavanaugh, T.W. (2010). The Digital Reader: Using E-Books in K-12 Education
Retrieved October 18, 2017 from https://www.questia.com
Croft, R. & Davis, C. (2010). E-Books Revisited: Surveying Student E-Books
Usage in a Distributed Learning Academic Library 6 Years Later. Journal of
Library of Administration. Retrieved October 12, 2017 from
http://tandfonline.com/toc/wjla10/current
De Luna, T.S. (2015). Utilization and Employment of e-Books in Philippine
Educational Institutions. International Journal of Information and Education
Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4. Retrieved October 15, 2017 at
http://www.ijiet.org/papers/514-I10020.pdf
55
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
56
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
57
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
from http://www.interaksyon.com/infotech/vibal-outs-low-cost-education-tablet-
cloud-servers-for-digital-classrooms
White, L. (2009). The Concept of Cultural Systems: A Key to Understanding Tribes
and Nations. Retrieved October 15, 2017 from
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/jar.32.2.3629665
Wuolu, D. (2012). CSB/SJU Reading Preferences Survey-Results. College of
Saint Benedict/Saint Johns University Libraries. Retrieved October 12, 2017
from http://sheboygan.uwc.edu/sites/sheboygan.uwc.edu/files/imce-
uploads/library/about/policies/ebookpresn.pdf
58
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX
Appendix A
Letter of Permission to Tandag National Science High School
Principal to Conduct the Survey Questionnaire
Madam:
A pleasant day.
The undersigned is currently working on his thesis entitled INNOVATION IN
EDUCATION: PERCEPTIONS IN IMPLEMENTING E-BOOKS AND
PRESERVING TEXTBOOKS FOR STUDENTS OF TANDAG CITY.
59
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
In view of this, the researcher would like to request for a permit to conduct the
study at your school.
Noted:
ELAN M. ELPIDANG, Ph.D. (cand.)
Research Adviser
Approved:
EVELYN C. BANDOY, Ed.D
School Principal
60
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B
Letter of Permission to Content Validators
Sir:
A pleasant day.
The undersigned are currently working on their research entitled INNOVATION
IN EDUCATION: PERCEPTIONS IN IMPLEMENTING E-BOOKS AND
PRESERVING TEXTBOOKS FOR STUDENTS OF TANDAG CITY.
61
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
In view of this, the researcher humbly requests you to validate the survey
questionnaire that will be used in the study.
Thank you and God bless.
Noted:
ELAN M. ELPIDANG, Ph.D. (cand.)
Research Adviser
Approved:
RENATO S. ROCHE
Teacher-III
62
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B.1
Letter of Permission to Content Validators
Madam/ Sir:
A pleasant day.
63
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
In view of this, the researcher humbly requests you to validate the survey
questionnaire that will be used in the study.
Thank you and God bless.
Noted:
ELAN M. ELPIDANG, Ph.D. (cand.)
Research Adviser
Approved:
ANNA- MAY C. ABOLOC
Teacher-I
64
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B.2
Letter of Permission to Content Validators
Madam/ Sir:
A pleasant day.
65
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
In view of this, the researcher humbly requests you to validate the survey
questionnaire that will be used in the study.
Thank you and God bless.
Noted:
ELAN M. ELPIDANG, Ph.D. (cand.)
Research Adviser
Approved:
CHERIE LYN JUMADLA
Teacher-III
66
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C
Survey Questionnaire Validation Sheet
Score Please
1. Not acceptable (major use the
modifications needed) commen
2. Below Expectations ts and
(some modifications suggesti
Operational Definitions
Criteria needed) ons
3. Meets expectations (no section
modifications needed but to
could be improved with recomm
minor changes) end
67
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4
Clarity The questions are direct and
specific.
Only one question is asked
at a time.
The students can understand
what is being asked.
68
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C.1
Survey Questionnaire
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
The researchers would like to request your help on the conduct of their
research study entitled: Innovation in Education: Perceptions in
Implementing E-Books and Preserving Textbooks for Students of Tandag
69
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Instruction: Please tick the box next to the answer of your choice or write on the
space provided as the case may be.
1. Name (Optional):___________________________________________
6. Which gadgets are available in your household? (you may choose more
than one)
Instruction: Please read each statement carefully, and use the scale below to
indicate how much you agree or disagree. Check the box of your suitable choice.
Legend:
70
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5
(SD) (D) (U) (A) (SA)
A. EXPERIENCE
1. I prefer reading via e-Books rather than books.
71
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix D
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Validation Sheet
72
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Score
1. Not acceptable (major Please
modifications needed) use the
2. Below Expectations commen
(some modifications ts and
needed) suggesti
3. Meets expectations (no ons
Operational Definitions modifications needed but
Criteria section
could be improved with to
minor changes) recomm
4. Exceeds Expectations end
(no modifications revisions
needed) .
1 2 3 4
Clarity The questions are direct and
specific.
Only one question is asked
at a time.
The students can understand
what is being asked.
73
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix D.1
Consent to Participate in the Focus Group Discussion
74
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
You can choose whether or not to participate in the focus group and stop at
any time. Although the focus group will be tape recorded, your responses will
remain anonymous and no names will be mentioned in the report.
There are no right or wrong answers to the focus group questions. We want
to hear many different viewpoints and would like to hear from everyone. We hope
you can be honest even when your responses may not be in agreement with the
rest of the group. In respect for each other, we ask that only one individual speak
at a time in the group and that responses made by all participants be kept
confidential.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Signed:____________________________________________
Date:___________________
Appendix D.2
Key Information Interview Guide
75
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Date: __________________
Time: __________________
Interview Location: _________________
Address: _________________
Introduction:
Good day!
The researchers would like to request your help on the conduct of their
research study as a requirement for their subject Practical Research II by
completing the attached questionnaire.
In connection with this, the researchers would like to ask for your
cooperation to answer the following statements.
Questions:
1. Do you find the use of e-Books complicated?
2. What do you think are the advantages of e-Books over textbooks?
3. What can you say about schools adopting the use of e-Books as academic
materials?
4. How long do you think printed material (books, newspapers, textbooks, etc.)
will last?
5. Do you think physical textbooks and notebooks will become obsolete due to
electronical devices such as the iPad?
Appendix E
Pictorials
76
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
A student of Grade 7
answering the given survey
questionnaire
77
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
78
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
79
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix F
Spot Map
Figure 2.
80
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Christian Andrew T. Cagampang
Age : 18
Address : Bioto, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Birthdate : August 23, 1999
Birthplace : Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Born Again Christian
Nationality : Filipino
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Father : Erwin A. Cagampang
Mother : Arlene T. Cagampang
Address : Bioto, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NAME/ADDRESS YEAR GRADUATED
Special Science Elementary School 2011 2012
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Tandag National Science High School 2015 - 2016
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
THESIS
Title : INNOVATION IN EDUCATION: PERCEPTIONS IN
IMPLEMENTING E-BOOKS AND PRESERVING TEXTBOOKS
FOR STUDENTS OF TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
Adviser : Elan M. Elpidang
81
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Miriam V. Trinidad
Age : 18
Address : Telaje, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Birthdate : August 28, 1999
Birthplace : Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Father : Jery P. Trinidad
Mother : Emilia V. Trinidad
Address : Telaje, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NAME/ADDRESS YEAR GRADUATED
SPED Center Elementary School 2011 2012
Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Tandag National Science High School 2015 - 2016
Capitol Hills, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
THESIS
Title : INNOVATION IN EDUCATION: PERCEPTIONS IN
IMPLEMENTING E-BOOKS AND PRESERVING TEXTBOOKS
FOR STUDENTS OF TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
Adviser : Elan M. Elpidang
82
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Tandag National Science High School
Tabon-Tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
________________________________________________________________________
Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Ric Dominic V. Zarate
Age : 18
Address : Telaje, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Birthdate : August 20, 1999
Birthplace : Quezon City, Manila
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Nationality : Filipino
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Father : Eric P. Zarate
Mother : Dolores V. Zarate
Address : Telaje, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NAME/ADDRESS YEAR GRADUATED
New Era University 2011 2012
Tandang Sora, Quezon City, Manila
Jacinto P. Elpa High School 2015 - 2016
Capitol Hills, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
THESIS
Title : INNOVATION IN EDUCATION: PERCEPTIONS IN
IMPLEMENTING E-BOOKS AND PRESERVING TEXTBOOKS
FOR STUDENTS OF TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
Adviser : Elan M. Elpidang
83