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Chap10 DataCommunication
Chap10 DataCommunication
Chapter 10
Data Communications
10-1
Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Objectives
Q Understand data communication basics.
Q Know the data transmission speed for communication
between computers.
Q Be familiar with local area networks, metropolitan area
networks, wide area networks, and the Internet of networks.
Q Understand the two main local area network protocols--
Token-Ring and Ethernet.
Q Understand the data communication services provided
by public telephone systems, also known as common
carriers.
Q Be familiar with communications hardware that supports
networking.
Communication Basics
Q Computer communications is at
three levels
Application level
Computer level
Communication channel
Q Protocol
Set of rules for communications
OSI Standard
10-3
OSI Reference Model
10-4
ISO Website
10-5
Protocols for Computer
Communication
Q Early computers
Terminals
Sneaker net
Q System Network Architecture (SNA)
Established by IBM in 1974
Proprietary
Q Token-Ring
Host computer controlled
peer-to-peer 10-6
Protocols for Computer
Communication
Q Ethernet
Xerox working with Intel and Digital
Equipment Corporation developed this protocol
Non-proprietary
Defined by IEEE
Works on a single transmission line
No token is passed
10-7
Packets
Q Piece of the total data to be communicated,
combined with the address of the destination
computer for the data and other control
information.
Q Address
Four-part set of numbers
Each from 0 to 255
Q Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
User connects through common carrier
Q Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Protocols for users at home
10-9
Protocols for Public Phone
Systems
Q X.25
analog
older protocol
Q Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Digital
Can carry voice, data, and video
10-10
Protocols for Public Phone
Systems (cont.)
Q Frame Relays
Move to fiber optics
Q Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Smaller packet size
Faster transmission speeds
10-11
Data Communications Links the
General Systems Model Elements
Standards
10-12
Networks
10-13
Types of Networks
Q LAN (local area network)
Limited area but could include 100 or so micros
Facilitates office automation
Q MAN (metropolitan area networks)
spans one city/metropolitan area
Q WAN (wide area network)
Covers a large geographic area
Includes a wide variety of circuits
Usually includes host computers
10-14
Workstation
1
Manager 1
Letter Quality
Printer
Workstation
2
Secretary 1 Network
Users Server
Workstation
3
Plotter
Secretary 2
Hard
Disk
Workstation
4
Manager 2
10-16
Common LAN Topologies
Ring
10-17
Common LAN Topologies
Bus
10-18
Wide Area Network Satellite
Users
modem
IXC circuit
Local Earth (interexchange
loop station channel)
Earth
station
Telephone Microwave
company tower IXC circuit
(interexchange
central office channel)
Microwave
tower Local
loop
Telephone
Users
company Telephone modem
central office company
central office
Telephone
company
central office 10-19
Types of Networks (cont.)
Q Internet
Collection of networks
Public
Q Intranet
Uses Internet network protocols
Limits accessibility
Firewall
Q Extranet
For trusted business partners and customers
10-20
Control of Data Communications
Networks
Q Centralized
Point-of-sale terminals
Data collection terminals
Q Distributed processing
Receiving computer runs programs that use
data
Q Client/server processing
Mixes centralized and decentralized processing
strategies 10-21
A Network of Terminals
Legend:
Computer Terminal
10-22
A Distributed Processing Network
Legend:
Central Distributed
Computer Computer
10-23
Communications Hardware
Q Modem
Converts digital to analog and vice versa
Bits per second determines transmission speed
Local loop
Q Hub
Receives a data packet from a computer at one
end of one spoke of the star topography and
copies its contents to all other computers
Manageable hubs 10-24
Data Communications with a Modem
Q Router
Device that connects many LANs
More sophisticated than a bridge
Process header information of a packet
Q Switch
Filters data not intended for a computer on a
particular network
10-26
Communications Connections
Q Private Lines
Circuit that is always open to communications
traffic
Also called leased line or dedicated line
Two types
T-1 - Maximum speed just over 1.5 Mbps
T-3 - Maximum speed 43 Mbps
Collections of 64 Kbps connections
10-27
Communications Connections
(cont.)
Q Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Tunneling software makes Internet connections
more secure
Privacy through authentication
More cost effective than private lines
10-28
Network Management
Q Cellular networks
Hand held telephones
Primarily for voice
Q Wireless LANs
Extensions of regular LANs
Q Wide-area wireless networks
Nationwide
10-31
Highlights in MIS
Wireless Networks (cont.)
Q Paging networks
Receive only capability
10-32
Highlights in MIS
A Network with Mobility Capability
MU MU MU
MU MU MU
Fixed host
MSS MSS
Fixed
Fixed host Fixed host
network
MSS MSS
Fixed host
MU MU MU MU MU MU
MSS = mobile support station
MU = mobile units
Highlights in MIS 10-33
Summary
10-34
Summary [cont.]
Q Basic Hardware
Hubs
Routers
Bridges
Switches
Q Planned growth
10-35
Case Study
1. A LAN is a group of computers and other devices
connected together by a common medium--
typically in the same building.
A)TRUE B)FALSE