Ayahuasca Analogues

This page is a copy of the tables from Jonathan Ott's Ayahuasca Analogues.

First of all, before I relate the tables, I will say a few words about what
Ayahuasca is. Ayahuasca, also called Yaje or Yage, is a pan-Amazonian brew used
as a shamanic tool. It most often involves the combination of a DMT containing
plant with, a plant containing MAOI- to properly assimilate DMT into the system.

Six tables are below:

Table I--Ayahuasca Additive Plants.

Table II-A--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Plants.
Table II-B--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Leaf Admixtures.
Table II-C--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Potions
Table IV-A--Plants Containing MAO-Inhibiting Beta-Carbolines.
Table IV-B--Plants Containing Entheogenic Tryptamines.

All side-notes have been removed, this is a condenced version containing bare
essentials.

IMPORTANT: Beta-carbolines are reversible MAO inhibitors. If you don't watch

your diet six hours before and after using them, YOU COULD DIE!!!!! For
dietary restrictions try Erowid.org
Table I--Ayahuasca Additive Plants.

ACANTHACEAE

Teliostachya lanceolata

AMARANTHACEAE

Alternanthera lehmannii
Iresine sp.

APOCYNACEAE

Himatanthus sucuuba
Malouetia tamaquarina
Mandevilla scabra
Tabernaemontana sp.

AQUIFOLIACEAE

Ilex guayusa

ARACEAE

Montrichardia arborescens

BIGNONIACEAE

Mansoa alliacea
Tabebuia heteropoda
Tabebuia incana
Tabebuia sp.
Tynnanthus panurensis

BOMBACACEAE

Cavanillesia hylogeiton
Cavanillesia umbellata
Ceiba pentandra
Chorisia insignis
Chorisia speciosa
Quararibea "ishpingo"
 BORAGINACEAE

Tournefortia angustifolia

CACTACEAE

Epiphyllum sp.
Opuntia sp.

CARYOCARACEAE

Anthodiscus pilosus

CELASTRACEAE

Maytenus ebenifola

CYCLANTHACEAE

Carludovica divergens

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Lomariopsis japurensis

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Erythroxylum coca

ERYTHROXYLACEAE

Erythroxylum coca

EUPHORBIACEAE

Alchornea castaneifolia
Hura crepitans

GNETACEAE

Gnetum nodiflorum
 GUTTIFERAE

Clusia sp.
Tovomita sp.

LABIATAE

Ocimum micranthum

LECYTHIDACEAE

Couroupita guianensis

LEGUMINOSAE

Bauhinia guianensis
Caesalpinia echinata
Calliandra angustifolia
Campsiandra laurifolia
Cedrelinga castaneiformis
Erythrina glauca
Erythrina poeppigiana
Pithecellobium laetum
Sclerobium setiferum
Vouacapoua americana

LORANTHACEAE

Phrygilanthus eugenioides
Phtirusa pyrifolia

MALPIGHIACEAE

Diplopterys cabrerana
Diplopterys involuta (=Mezia includens)
Mascagnia psilophylla (var. antifebrilis = Cabi paraensis; Callaeum
antifebrile)
Stigmaphyllon fulgens

MARANTACEAE
 Calathea veitchiana

MENISPERMACEAE

Abuta grandifolia

MORACEAE

Coussapa tessmannii
Ficus insipida
Ficus ruiziana
Ficus sp.

MYRISTICACEAE

Virola sp.
Virola surinamensis

NYMPHIACEAE

Caboma aquatica

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Petiveria alliaceae

PIPERACEAE

Piper sp.

POLYGONACEAE

Triplaris surinamensis
Triplaris surinamensis var. chamissoana

PONTEDERIACEAE

Pontederia cordata

RUBIACEAE

Calycophyllum spruceanum
 Capirona decoriticans
Guettarda ferox
Psychotria carthaginensis
Psychotria psychotriaefolia
Psychotria "batsikawa"
Psychotria "nai kawa"
Psychotria "pishikawa"
Psychotria viridis
Rudgea retifolia
Sabicea amazonensis
Uncaria guianensis

SAPINDACEAE

Paullinia yoco

SCHIZAEACEAE

Lygodium venustum

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Scoparia dulcis

SOLANACEAE

Brugmansia insignis
Brugmansia suaveolens
Brunfelsia chiricaspi
Brunfelsia grandiflora
Brunfelsia grandiflora subsp schultesii
Capsicum sp.
Iochroma fuchsioides
Juanulloa ochracea
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana tabacum

VERBENACEAE

Cornutia odorata
 Vitex triflora

VIOLACEAE

Rinorea viridiflora

Table II-A--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca [B. caapi] Plants (Dried Stems)

.............................................................Alkaloid Range.............Average
Hochstein & Paradies 1957 (1) --- 0.30%
Poisson 1965 (1 sample) --- 0.21%
Schultes et al 1969 (2 samples) 0.40-0.50% 0.45%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (15 samples) 0.05-0.83% 0.35%
McKenna et al 1984 (6 samples) 0.17-1.36% 0.78%
Overall Average (all 25 samples) 0.05-1.36% 0.45%

Table II-B--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Leaf Admixture.

................................................................DMT Range.................Average

Diplopterys cabrerana
Poisson 1965 (1 sample) --- 0.64%
Der Marderosian et al 1968 (1) 1.33-1.75% 1.46%
Agurell et al 1968 (1 sample) --- 0.46%
McKenna et al 1984 (1 sample) --- 0.17%
Overall Average (all 4 samples) 0.17-1.75% 0.68%
Psychotria species (P. viridis, P. carthaginensis, nai kawa)
Der Marderosian et al 1970 1970 (4) 0.16-0.22% 0.19%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (3) 0.00-0.66% 0.33%
McKenna et al 1984 (4) 0.00-0.16% 0.10%
Overall average (all 11 samples) 0.00-0.66% 0.20%

Table II-C--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Potions (Average Per Dose)

...............................................................Beta-Carbolines..........DMT
Der Marderosian et al 1970 (1) 20 mg 30 mg
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (9) 40 mg 25 mg
McKenna et al 1984 (5) 401 mg 36 mg
Liwszyc et al 1992 (1, Santo Daime) 144 mg 26 mg
Overall Average (all 16 samples) 158 mg 29 mg

Table IV-B--Plants Containing Entheogenic Tryptamines.

Letters in square brackets refer to DMT and 5-MeO-DMT [5MD] in leaves [l],
seeds [s], pods [p], stems [st], bark [b], roots [r], flowers [f], fruit [fr],
root bark [rb], or whole plant [w].

ACANTHACEAE
* Justicia pectoralis [DMT,l]

AGARICACEAE
* Amanita citrina [DMT,5MD,w]
* Amanita porphyria [5MD,w]

AIZOACEAE
* Delosperma sp. [DMT]

GRAMINEAE
* Arundo donax [DMT,l,r,f]
- ALKALOIDS Plant 5,000 ppm (0.5 % - propably dry material)
- 5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Plant, BUFOTENIDINE
Rhizome,
BUFOTENINE Leaf, DEHYDROBUFOTENINE Rhizome,
DONAXARIDINE Plant,
DONAXERINE Rhizome, DONAXINE Rhizome, ELEAGNINE Flower,
FRIEDELIN Leaf, GRAMINE Rhizome, GRAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE
Flower,
GRAMINE-N-OXIDE Plant 700 ppm, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Leaf,
N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE Flower
* Phalaris arundinacea [DMT,5MD,l,w]
From the usenet (dry material):
Source 1. DMT 0.060%
Source 2. Alkaloids 0.004-0.121%
* Phalaris tuberosa (= P. aquatica) [DMT,5MD,l]
From the usenet (dry material):
Source 1. DMT 0.100%
5-MeO-DMT 0.022%
5-OH-DMT 0.005%
Source 2. DMT 0.170%
5-MeO-DMT 0.060%
Source 3. Alkaloids 0.007-0.18%
 * Phragmites australis [DMT,r]

LEGUMINOSAE
* Acacia confusa [DMT,st]
* Acacia maidenii [DMT,b]
* Acacia nubica [DMT,l]
* Acacia phlebophylla [DMT,l]
* Acacia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha [DMT,l]
* Acacia senegal [DMT,l]
- CYSTEINE Plant, D-PINITOL Leaf, DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Plant,
ERYTHRODIOL Plant, LEUCINE Plant
* Acacia simplicifolia [DMT,b,l,st]
* Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (= Piptadenia macrocarpa) [DMT,s,p]
- BUFOTENINE Seed, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Seed,
TRYPTAMINES Seed
* Anadenanthera excelsa [DMT,s,p]
* Anadenanthera peregrina [DMT,5MD,b,l,s,p]
- 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHOXY-2,9-DIMETHYL-BETA-
CARBOLINE Plant,
1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHOXY-2-METHYL-BETA-CARBOLINE
Plant,
5-METHOXY-N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark,
5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, BUFOTENINE Plant,
BUFOTENINE-OXIDE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Fruit,
N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-OXIDE Fruit, N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE
Bark,
HOMOORIENTINE Leaf, LEUCOANTHOCYANIN Plant,
LEUCOPELARGONIDOL Plant, ORIENTIN Leaf, SAPONARETIN Leaf,
VITERINE Leaf
* Desmanthus illineonsis [DMT,r,rb]
- DMT (root) 0.200% (dry material)
DMT (root bark) 0.340% (dry material)
* Desmodium caudatum [DMT,r,st]
* Desmodium gangeticum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l]
- 2'HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 14 ppm,
GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 8 ppm
* Desmodium gyrans [DMT,5MD,l,r]
* Desmodium pulchellum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l,f]
- BETULIN Root
* Desmodium racemosum [5MD,w]
 * Desmodium triflorum [DMT-N-oxide,r]
* Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica [DMT,5MD,l,rb]
5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, BUFOTENINE Plant,
BUFOTENINE-OXIDE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Fruit,
N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-OXIDE Fruit, N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE
Bark,
HOMOORIENTINE Leaf, LEUCOANTHOCYANIN Plant,
LEUCOPELARGONIDOL Plant, ORIENTIN Leaf, SAPONARETIN Leaf,
VITERINE Leaf
* Desmanthus illineonsis [DMT,r,rb]
- DMT (root) 0.200% (dry material)
DMT (root bark) 0.340% (dry material)
* Desmodium caudatum [DMT,r,st]
* Desmodium gangeticum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l]
- 2'HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 14 ppm,
GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 8 ppm
* Desmodium gyrans [DMT,5MD,l,r]
* Desmodium pulchellum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l,f]
- BETULIN Root
* Desmodium racemosum [5MD,w]
* Desmodium triflorum [DMT-N-oxide,r]
* Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica [DMT,5MD,l,rb]
* Mimosa hostilis [DMT,r]
- N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Plant, NIGERINE Plant
- DMT root 0.57% (propably fresh (=wet) material)
* Mimosa scabrella [DMT,b]
* Mimosa tenuiflora [DMT,5MD,b]
* Mucuna pruriens [DMT,5MD,l,s,st,r]
- GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 6 ppm, HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf
Diffusate 14 ppm
* Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides [DMT,l,st]

MALPIGHIACEAE
* Banisteriopsis muricata (= B. argentea) [DMT,st,l]
* Diplopterys cabrerana (=Banisteriopsis rusbyana) [DMT,5MD,l]

MYRISTICACEAE
* Iryanthera ulei [5MD,b]
* Osteophloem platyspermum [DMT,5MD,b]
* Virola calophylla [DMT,5MD,b,r,l,s,f]
 - 5-METHOXY-N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, N,N-
DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Bark, N-MONOMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark
- Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant material)
Bark:
- DMT 0.008%
- 5-MeO-DMT trace
Root:
- DMT and 5-MeO-DMT trace
Flow, shoots:
- DMT 0.185%
- N-Methyltryptamine (MMT) 0.008%
Leaves:
- DMT 0.149%
- MMT 0.006%
* Virola carinata [DMT,l]
* Virola divergens [DMT,l]
* Virola elongata [DMT,5MD,b,l]
* Virola melinonii [DMT,b]
* Virola multinervia [DMT,5MD,b,r]
* Virola pavonis [DMT,l]
* Virola peruviana [DMT,5MD,b]
- Mainly 5-MeO-DMT [b], small amounts DMT
and 5-Methoxy-tryptamine [b]
* Virola rufula [DMT,5MD,b,r,l]
- Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant material)
Bark:
- 5-MeO-DMT 0.190%
- DMT 0.008%
- 5-MeO-MMT trace
- 2-Methyl-6-MeO-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-_-carboline
(6-MeO-THC) trace
Root:
- 5-MeO-DMT 0.135%
- 5-MeO-MMT 0.006%
- DMT 0.001%
- 6-MeO-THC trace
Leaves:
- DMT 0.092%
- MMT 0.006%
* Virola sebifera [DMT,b]
* Virola theiodora [DMT,5MD,b,r,l,f]
- Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant material)
Bark:
- DMT 0.130%
- 5-Meo-DMT 0.110%
- 6-MeO-THC 0.010%
- N-Methyltryptamine (MMT) 0.003%
Root:
- 5-MeO-DMT 0.010%
- DMT 0.004%
- 5-MeO-MMT 0.003%
Flow, shoots:
- DMT 0.440%
- MMT 0.033%
Leaves:
- DMT 0.044%
- 5-MeO-DMT trace
- Origin: Tototobi Brazil (dry plant material)
Bark:
- DMT 0.033%
- 5-Meo-DMT 0.062%
Leaves:
- DMT 0.021%
- Methyl-THC trace
* Virola venosa [DMT,5MD,r,l]

OCHNACEAE
* Testulea gabonensis [DMT,b,rb]

POLYGONACEAE
* Erigonum sp. [DMT]

RUBIACEAE
* Psychotria carthaginensis [DMT,l]
- Also N-methyltryptamine and N-methyltetrahydro-_-carboline
* Psychotria viridis (= P. psychotriaefolia) [DMT,l]
- Also N-methyltryptamine and N-methyltetrahydro-_-carboline
Average DMT contents on leaves of different P. species is 0.2%
(dry material)
 RUTACEAE
* Dictyoloma incanescens [5MD,l]
* Dutaillyea drupacea [5MD,l]
* Dutaillyea oreophila [5MD,l]
* Evodia rutaecarpa [5MD,l]
* Limonia acidissima [5MD,st]
- ESTRAGOLE Leaf 6,570 ppm, ISOPIMPINELLIN Root, MARMESIN Bark
160 ppm, ORIENTIN Leaf, PECTIN Fruit 30,000 - 160,000 ppm,
PSORALEN Leaf, SPONARIN Leaf, STIGMASTEROL Fruit 150 ppm,
STIGMASTEROL Leaf 120 ppm, VITEXIN Leaf
* Melicope leptococca [5MD,l,st]
* Pilocarpus organensis [5MD,l]
* Vepris ampody [DMT,l]
* Zanthoxylum arborescens [DMT,l]
* Zanthoxylum procerum [DMT,l]

Table IV-A--Plants Containing MAO-Inhibiting Beta-Carbolines.

AGARICACEAE

Coriolus maximus [Harman]

APOCYNACEAE

Amsonia tabernaemontana [Harmine etc.]

Apocynum cannabinum [Harmalol]
Ochrosia nakaiana [Harman]

BIGNONIACEAE

Newbouldia laevis [Harman]

CALYCANTHACEAE

Calycanthus occidentalis [Harmine]

CHENOPODIACEAE

Hammada leptoclada [Tetrahydroharman etc.]

Kochia scoparia [Harmine etc.]
 COMBRETACEAE

Guiera senegalensis [Harman etc.]

CYBERACEAE

Carex brevicollis [Harmine etc.]

ELAEAGNACEAE

Elaeagnus augustifolia [Harman etc.]

Elaeagnus hortensis [Tetrahydroharman etc.]
Elaeagnus orientalis [Tetrahydroharman]
Elaeagnus spinosa [Tetrahydroharman]
Hippophae rhammoides [Harman etc.]
Shepherdia argentea [Tetrahydroharmol]
Shepherdia canadensis [Tetrahydroharmol]

GRAMINEAE

Arundo donax [Tetrahydroharman]

Festuca arundinacea [Harman etc.]
Lolium perenne [Harman etc.]

LEGUMINOSAE

Acacia baileyana [Tetrahydroharman]

Acacia complanata [Tetrahydroharman etc.]
Burkea africana [Harman etc.]
Desmodium pulchellum [Harman etc.]
Mucuna pruriens [6-Methoxy-Harman]
Petalostylis labicheoides [Tetrahydroharman]
Prosopis nigra [Harman etc.]

LOGANIACEAE

Strychnos usambarensis [Harman]

MALPIGHIACEAE

Banisteriopsis caapi [Harmine etc.]

 Banisteriopsis lutea [Harmine]
Banisteriopsis muricata [Harmine]
Callaeum antifebrile (= Cabe paraensis) [Harmine]

MYRISTICACEAE

Virola cuspidata [6-Methoxy-Harman]

PASSIFLORACEAE

Passiflora actinea [Harman = Passiflorine]

Passiflora alata [Harman]
Passiflora alba [Harman]
Passiflora bryonoides [Harman]
Passiflora caerulea [Harman]
Passiflora capsularis [Harman]
Passiflora decaisneana [Harman]
Passiflora edulis [Harman]
Passiflora eichleriana [Harman]
Passiflora foetida [Harman]
Passiflora incarnata [Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc.]
Passiflora quadrangularis [Harman]
Passiflora ruberosa [Harman]
Passiflora subpeltata [Harman]
Passiflora warmingii [Harman]

POLYGONACEAE

Leptactinia densiflora [Leptaflorine, etc.]

Nauclea diderrichii [Harman etc.]
Ophiorrhiza japonica [Harman]
Pauridiantha callicarpoides [Harman]
Pauridiantha dewevrei [Harman]
Pauridiantha lyalli [Harman]
Pauridiantha viridiflora [Harman]
Simira klugii [Harman]
Simira rubra [Harman]
Uncaria attenuata [Harman]
Uncaria canescens [Harman]
Uncaria orientalis [Harman]
 SAPOTACEAE

Chrysophyllum lacouritianum [Norharman etc.]

SYMPLOCACEAE

Symplocos racemosa [Harman]

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

Fagonia cretica [Harman]

Peganum harmala [Harmaline, Harmine, etc.]
Tribulus terrestris [Harmine etc.]
Zaygophyllum fabago [Harmine etc.]

Below is information on alkaloid content of various analogues which I've gleaned

from Ott's text.

Peganum harmala (seeds): 2-7% beta-carboline

(3g P. harmala + 20 g Acacia phlebophylla leaves work well,
according to the text, for a 3.5h experience)
Acacia maidenii (bark): 0.36% DMT
Acacia phlebophylla (leaf): 0.3% DMT
Acacia simplicifolia (bark): 0.81% DMT
Desmanthus illinoensis (root bark): 0.34% DMT
Mimosa hostilis (roots): 0.57% DMT
Virola theiodora (flowers): 0.44% DMT
Pilocarpus organensis (unspecified): 1.06% tryptamines, chiefly 5-
MeO-DMT
Vepris ampody (leafy branches): 0.22% DMT
Melicope leptococca (leafy branches): 0.21% 5-MeO-DMT

To prepare the harmala seeds, Ott ground them in a mortar, placed the groundings
in enough of a 30% solution of lime juice in water to suspend the seeds in a pot,
and brought it rapidly to a boil with stirring. He then filtered the suspension with a
coffee filter. The residual solid matter was then added back to the pot and again
extracted by the same means, using minimal lime/water. He recommends not using
prolonged heating or an excess of water. After filtration, he rinses the pot out with
water, and places water over the remaining solid material. He got about 150 mL of
extract from 15 g of seeds. He uses the extraction method on combined
constituents--D. illinoensis, A. phlebophylla, and P. viridis, each separately with P.
harmala--and this seems to work at the proper doses.

References:

Agurell, S. et al. 1968. "Alkaloid content of Bansteriopsis rusbyana." American

Journal of Pharmacy 140(5): 148-151.
Agurell, S. et al. 1969. "Alkaloids in certain species of Virola and other South
American plants of ethnopharmacologic interest." Acta Chemica Scandinavica
23(3): 903-916.
Der Marderosian, A. H. et al. 1968. "Native use and occurence [sic] of N,N-
dimethyltryptamine in the leaves of Banisteriopsis rusbyana." American Journal of
Pharmacy 140(5): 137-147.
Hochstein, F. A. and A. M. Paradies. 1957. "Alkaloids of Banisteria caapi and
Prestonia amazonicum [sic]." Journal of the American Chemical Society 79: 5735-
5736.
Liwszyc, G. E. et al. 1992. "Daime--A ritual herbal potion." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 36(1): 91-92.
McKenna, D. J. et al. 1984. "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American
hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and Beta-Carboline constituents of ayahuasca."
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10(2): 195-223.
Poisson, J. 1965. "Note surle 'Natem', boisson toxique peruvienne et es alcaloides"
Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 23(4): 241-244.
Schultes, R. E. 1969. "De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale
commentationes V. Virola as an orally administered hallucinogen" Botanical
Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 22(6): 229-240.