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TÌM HIỂU VỀ "CELL SECTORING AND CELL SPLITTING"
TÌM HIỂU VỀ "CELL SECTORING AND CELL SPLITTING"
BO CO BI TP LN
ti:
H Ni 4/2017
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
MC LC
MC LC ............................................................................................................................ 2
DANH MC HNH NH .................................................................................................... 3
I. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................ 4
1.1. Hnh dng ca t bo...............................................................................................4
1.2. Cc nguyn l thng tin di ng..............................................................................5
1.3. H thng thng tin di ng s dng t bo ............................................................. 5
1.4. Cu trc h thng thng tin t bo .......................................................................... 7
II. Phn vng t bo (Cell Sectoring) .............................................................................. 8
2.1. Phn vng t bo vi anten ng hng bp sng rng ............................................ 8
2.2. Phn vng t bo vi anten chuyn bp sng ......................................................... 10
2.3. Cc k thut Trunkpool......................................................................................... 16
III. Cell splitting (Tch t bo) ....................................................................................... 17
3.1. Giai on 0 (Phase 0)......................................................................................... 20
3.2. Giai on 1 (Phase 1) Sector ha ...................................................................... 21
3.3. Giai on 2: Tch chia nh hn na v sau....................................................... 21
IV. Gii hn v hiu nng phn vng ti s dng trong mng di ng (reuse
partitioning) ........................................................................................................................ 23
4.1. Gii thiu .............................................................................................................. 23
4.2. Thut ton phn vng ti s dng ......................................................................... 24
4.2.1. Thut ton c bn ........................................................................................... 24
4.2.2. Thut ton m rng ........................................................................................ 27
4.3. Lu lng truy cp v m hnh ng. ................................................................... 30
4.4. Chnh sch gn knh ng .................................................................................... 32
4.5. Kt qu hiu nng ................................................................................................. 32
4.6. Kt lun ................................................................................................................. 38
V. Tng kt .................................................................................................................... 38
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................. 39
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
DANH MC HNH NH
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
I. Gii thiu chung
Khi nim t ong cu trc li h thng thng tin di ng theo cch khc. Thay v
s dng mt trm cng sut ln, ngi ta s dng nhiu trm cng sut nh trong vng ph
sng c n nh trc. Ly v d, bng cch phn chia mt vng trung tm thnh 100
vng nh hn (cc t bo), mi cell s dng mt my pht cng sut thp vi kh nng
cung cp 12 knh thoi cho mi my. Khi nng lc ca h thng v l thuyt c th tng
t 12 knh thoi s dng mt my pht cng sut ln ln n 2000 knh thoi bng cch
s dng 100 my pht cng sut thp.
Cc vn v nhiu sinh ra khi cc khi di ng s dng cng mt tn s ti cc
im gn nhau chng t rng tt c cc tn s khng th ti s dng mi cell. Vic ti
s dng ch c th trin khai cc cell c khong cch nht nh vi nhau. Cc nghin
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
cu pht hin ra rng, cc nh hng ca nhiu khng phi do khong cch gia cc vng
m ph thuc vo t l ca khong cch vi bn knh ph sng ca vng.
Bng cch gim bn knh ca vng i 50%, nh cung cp dch v c th tng s kh
nng phc v ln 4 ln. H thng c trin khai trn vng c bn knh 1 Km c th cung
cp s knh ln hn gp 100 ln so vi h thng trin khai trn vng c bn knh 10 Km.
T thc t rt ra kt lun rng, bng cch gim bn knh vng i vi trm mt th nh cung
cp c th phc v thm vi triu cuc gi.
Khi nim cell (t bo) c s dng vi cc mc cng sut thp khc nhau, n cho
php cc cell (cc t bo) c th thay i vng ph sng tu theo mt , nhu cu ca thu
bao trong mt vng nht nh. Cc t bo c th c thm vo tng vng tu theo s pht
trin ca thu bao trong vng . Tn s t bo ny c th c ti s dng t bo khc,
cc cuc in thoi vn c duy tr lin tc khi thu bao di chuyn t t bo ny sang t
bo khc. [2]
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1.4. Cu trc h thng thng tin t bo
S lng thu bao ngy cng tng ln trong khi h thng thng tin di ng trc y
khng p ng kp v s lng thu bao cng nh cht lng dch v. y l sc p i
vi cc nh cung cp dch v, bt buc h phi tm gii php mi nhm nng cao cht lng
dch v, ng thi p ng nhu cu pht trin thu bao di ng tng nhanh. Ph tn s
dnh cho thng tin di ng l c hn, do s dng hiu qu tn s trong h thng thng
tin di ng t bo l rt cn thit. Cc tham s h thng nh s lng, kch thc cc cell,
s dng li tn s, qu trnh chuyn tip cuc gi gia cc cell (handover) l khc nhau tu
theo vng a l c th, nng thn hay thnh ph.
Cc t bo
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
D + 0.7R Serving
Base
Co- station
channel
Base Mobie
station D subcriber
Hnh 5. Trng hp CCI xu nht trn knh truyn i vi s phn vng t bo 120
R
1
D (D 0.7R)
D D 0.7
R R
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2.2. Phn vng t bo vi anten chuyn bp sng
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1. Mi t bo vng trn di dng mt t bo lc gic. Cc thit b di ng c phn
phi cng mt kiu trong mt t bo.
2. Ch nhiu ng knh tng u cn c quan tm
3. H thng c tn dng ti a ln ti 100%
4. Cc anten nh hng 120 c s dng trong h thng tham chiu c s nh hng
hon ho. Khng c cc thy bn. Tuy nhin cc thy bn gn k ti bp chnh c
cn nhc cho h thng anten thng minh switched-beam smart.
T l front-to-back ca smart antenna l 30dB, v s suy gim b sng gn k l 12dB.
10
i
10
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
kch hot trong cc t bo ng knh. Ch rng h thng tham chiu c 2 nhnh la chn
trong knh phn hi. S lng ca nhiu ng knh ph thuc vo v tr mong mun v cc
MS ng knh. Khi iu khin nng lng c s dng, chng ta gi thit rng nng lng
nhn c i BS phc v cho mi MS duy tr ti 1 mc C c nh. Nng lng c phn
phi bi i mobile trong j t bo ti MSij vi khong cch dij ti BS phc v n l Pij Nng
lng nhn c ti BSj l:
C 1
i
i
C 10
10
10
10
i i
MSij cng ti khong cch di0 ti BS tham chiu BS, BS0 v s to ra CCI vi nng lng:
i 0 i 0 ij i
Ii 0 Pij10 10 10
C1010
C10
V C/I ti BS0 l
C 1
i i
C 10
10
10
10
i i
S khc bit ch yu gia knh truyn thng v knh phn hi l s lng nhiu
ng knh. Cng thc tnh ton C/I th vn ging nhau nhng h thng phn hi khng
khng c antenna nh hng.
c. Tiu chun hiu nng v kt qu
Hai tiu chun c s dng tnh ton hiu nng ca h thng anten chuyn mch
thng minh l
- Tiu chun 1: kh nng bao ph khu vc, P1 c nhn, C/I vt qu gi tr
mc tiu th
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- Tiu chun 2: t l khu vc phn trm ca khu vc t bo, P2 nhn c, C/I
vt qu mc tiu th 75% ca thi gian
Tiu chun 1 c th c coi nh thc o hiu nng ton th. Tuy nhin cc v tr
s c ngy trang t hiu nng khu vc c bao ph bi cc v tr tt. y l s chnh
xc ring bit khi hiu nng l khng ng u trn c khu vc t bo. Trong trng hp
ny, tiu chun 2 hu dng. Mt nng cao hiu nng quan trng c tin hnh vi h
thng anten switch-beam thng minh, c bit cho knh truyn thng. Yu t chnh nh
hng n C/I trong khu vc bao c bao ph vi anten switched- beam thng minh l
rng bp sng ca antenv tn s c s dng li. K thut trunkpool khng ng vai tr
quan trng.
Hnh 7. Kh nng bao ph khu vc, P1 cho knh phn hi, vi anten bp sng rng 30
(solid) v 15(dashed)
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Hnh 8. Kh nng bao ph khu vc, P1 cho knh truyn thng, vi antenna bp sng rng
30 (solid) v 15(dashed)
Hnh 6 v Hnh 7 th hin hiu nng vi tiu chun 2. Trong trng hp ny ch c
khong 2dB c tng ln i vi h thng tham chiu. K thut Trunkpool c th hin
c nh hng quan trng trong hiu nng ca tiu chun 2. Hiu nng vi sectored
trunkpool tt hn so vi omni-trunkpool. H thng sma-4-sec-30 khng tt bng h thng
tham chiu.
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Hnh 10. T l phn trm ca khu vc t bo, P2 cho knh truyn thng
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Ni C/I vt qu gi tr mc tiu, th, 75% of thi gian vi anten bp sng rng
30 (solid) v 15% vi anten bp sng rng 15 (dashed).
Bad points: vi iu khin nng lng, bad points c th xy ra bt c ni no trong
t bo, khng ch trn ng bao. Bi v thut ton iu khin nng lng ch iu khin
nng lng ca tn hiu mong mun. Khi mt thit b di ng gn vi trm BS phc v n
th mc nng lng c gim xung. Do , nhiu nhiu hn c th s c tri qua
trn c knh truyn thng v knh phn hi, khi cc nhiu ng knh gn ti BS ny v xa
t cc BS phc v ca chng. Khi m antennas switched-beam thng minh c s dng,
hiu nng vi tiu chun mt c th c tng ln, v hiu nng vi tiu chun 2 c th
thay i mt lng nh.
im xu ca knh phn hi vi anten thng minh switched-beam c tp trung
trong radial sector v c gi l Bad area. S tng C/I l khng ng u trn ton b khu
vc t bo. Chng ta gi l hiu ng Cart-wheel. Tuy nhin, n khng th hin trong
knh truyn thng. Bad areas s lun lun tn ti trong h thng s dng anten switched-
beam thng minh khng quan tm rng bp sng hp ca anten v k c iu khin nng
lng c c s dng hay khng. D nhin, s lng Bad points c gim i khi anten
bp sng rng tng ln. gim nh hiu ng Cart-wheel, chng ta c th xoay mt vi t
bo Switched Beam hng ti cc t bo khc, c th phn phi Bad Point. Tuy nhin,
iu ch c th nh hng khi gc quay l ln hn s phn tri AOA ca tn hiu. Mt
cch tip cn khc l s dng linh ng phn knh trnh s dng chung knh khi mt
nhiu ng knh tim tng gn bn. [2]
2.3. Cc k thut Trunkpool
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
khc phc tnh trng gim hiu qu s dng trunking gy ra bi tia sectoring hp,
k hoch chia s cc k thut sector-trunkpool v omni-trunkpool c xut.
- Sector-trunkpool: C mt vi chm tia trong mi sector. Tt c cc chin lc
phn knh cho mt sector c chia s bi tt c cc chm tia trong sector .
Mi mt anten sector hot ng ph bin trong sector. Khng chuyn giao l cn
thit tr khi MS i qua sector hoc ranh gii t bo. Hiu qu s dng trunking
s vn ging nh cc h thng tham chiu trong mi sector wide beam c
cp pht knh ring.
- Omni-trunkpool: Bt k cc knh c cp pht cho mt t bo c th c
chuyn giao cho bt k mt trong hai chm c kch hot. Khng chuyn giao
l cn thit tr khi mt MS qua mt ranh gii t bo.
K thut Omni trunkpool th rt hu ch nng cao hiu qu trunking khi h
thng ng-ten thng minh c s dng. [3]
III. Cell splitting (Tch t bo)
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T bo gc
R0 A0 A0 R
(Rs ) As Rs
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Hnh 12. Vic tch t bo c s dng ph hp vi vic load d liu bng cch a ra
cc t bo nh.
trnh vi phm nhng hn ch ti s dng cho vic gii thiu cc t bo phn chia.
Mt cch tip cn rt chuyn tip thng l knh phn on, ni cc b knh trong cc t
bo ng knh c chia thnh hai nhm: cc t bo phn chia c gn cho mt nhm
cc knh, trong khi cc t bo ng knh m c phn chia nhm khc ca knh. Tuy
nhin, s sp xp ny hiu qu v cc t bo m c th khng s dng cc knh gn cho cc
t bo phn chia. Do , phn khc knh khng phi l mt la chn tt. Mt gii php
khc, cc t bo bn trong ni ph c a vo t bo m. Cc trm MS nm trong cc t
bo bn trong c che ph v cc t bo phn chia s dng mt nhm cc knh, trong khi
MS nm trong cc t bo bn ngoi s dng cc nhm khc ca cc knh. [1]
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Hnh 14. Cc Omni (360 ) Cell ban u
o
Thay anten v hng (omni) bng 3 anten ring bit nh hng di qut 120o l mt
gii php tch chia mt Cell thnh 3 Cells. l gii php di qut ha (sectorization
sector ha). Cch ny khng i hi thm mt bng cho cc Cell mi. Tuy cc cell mi
phn birtj nhau theo chc nng mng nhng chng vn ti mt bng c.
Khi , ti mi v tr c (Site) by gi c th phc v c 3 Cell mi, nhng Cell
ny nh hn v c 3 anten nh hng c t v tr ny, gc gia anten ny 120o
.
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Ln tch ny s dng li mt bng c v thm mi gp i mt bng mi cho cc
BTS mi.
mt bng c, anten cn quay i 30o ngc chiu kim ng h. Nh vy tng s
mt bng gp 3 ln mt bng c tr gi cho s tng dung lng mng ln gp 3 ln.
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
S tch chia ny khng i hi phi xoay hng anten tt c cc BTS c mt bng
c. S ln s dng li tn s, dung lng h thng v s lng mt bng BTS u tng 4
ln so vi trc khi tch. Ty theo dung lng h thng, vic chia Cell c th c thc
hin tip tc.
Bin php phn chia t bo lm gim kch thc ca t bo nhng cng lm tng
dung lng h thng. Bin php ny phi c p dng theo tng giai on pht trin ca
mng. Tuy nhin, bin php na cng c mt s hn ch nht nh bi kch thc cell cng
c gii hn. ng thi vic lp t cc v tr trm mi i hi kinh ph ln. [4]
IV. Gii hn v hiu nng phn vng ti s dng trong mng di ng (reuse
partitioning)
4.1. Gii thiu
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
th c ti s dng bi mt t bo (cell cochannel) s khong cch xa. Khong cch ti
thiu gia hai t bo cochannel m cho php nhng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng
ng giao tip m khng cn s can thip cochannel bt k v tr ca chng trong t bo
c gi l khong cch ti s dng ng knh (D)(cochannel reuse distance). S lng
ny ph thuc c SIR ti thiu (Signal Interferen Ratio) c cho php, trong xc nh
t l D/R, v trn bn knh t bo (R).
T s D/R ph thuc vo SIR min. Gim D c th t c bng cch chp nhn mt
SIR min thp hn hoc gim R. Mt SIR min thp hn c th chp nhn c nu c hiu
qu v s bin thin tt v phng thc m pht trin. mt hng khc, lm gim R,
khng c tng s trm c bn kt qu trong cht lng tn hiu song v tuyn khng c
chp nhn ngoi cng ca t bo. Tuy nhin n c th thc hin c nng cao nh
cch reuse ch tp hp vi tn s c kh nng kh dng.
Phng thc c lin quan ti vic phn vng ti s dng: Nguyn tc c s ca vic
phn vng ti s dng l mt knh m c dng, vi di ng gn trm c s tng ng,
knh c nhn vi cp ng cng sut cao hn knh xa mobiles. Chnh sch phn b.
chng ta c th chia n thnh 3 loi: chin lc c nh, chin lc linh hot, chin lc
ng lc. Khi nim ph bin hay FCA l phn b c nh ca mt thit lp sng v tuyn
cho mi t bo. Mt t bo c thit lp mt tn s f c nh. Trong FCA c bn mt yu
cu cuc gi trong mt t bo ch c th c phc v nu c mt knh rnh, kh dng
trong t bo. [5]
4.2. Thut ton phn vng ti s dng
4.2.1. Thut ton c bn
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
t bo cng knh ging nhau l D. Cc t bo c chia thnh cc nhm. Mi nhm gm
M t bo ln cn c khc carrier. Cc k thut n gin nht phn b carrier cho t bo
l gn knh c nh (fixed channel assignment - FCA). Q sng mang c chia thnh cc
nhm q=Q/M sng. Mi n nh lu di cho cc t bo cng nhn. Do c trng k thut
ti s dng tn s ca mi trng t bo cho php tng dung lng c sn ca Q sng mang
bi mt yu t bng vi s cm (clusters). Vi hnh dng l t bo lc gic.
D .R
Khi mt SIR c chn theo tiu chun nng lng truyn dn, t s r= D/R gia
khong cch ti s dng nh nht v bn knh t bo c thit lp. Sau khi bn knh t bo
c la cho da trn s nghin cu. Thng s D t ng c c nh. in hnh SIR cho
php ti thiu 18dB. T s D/R t nht l 4.58, suy ra M c t nht l 7 t bo (cells). Cho
tng s t bo trong mt mng t bo (bng s tng s trm c s).
Mc tiu l tng dung lng truyn mng m khng tng s tn s sng mang. Mc
tiu c th t c bng cch cho php khong cch ti s dng nh hn ca mt tp
con Fs, ca tong b cc tp hp con sng mang kh dng trong mng, ch da vo vic
gim gi tr ca R. t s D/R khng i m khng cn p dng by k chng trnh iu
khin nng lng, cng sut gia s giao thoa cng knh gi tr c th chp nhn c.
Dl, Rl k hiu thay cho k hiu D, R lc u, v gi s rng mt sng mang fs thuc
Fs c s dng vi mt khong cch ti s dng Ds<Dl. T y, tng s lng v v tr
ca trm c s khng c thay i. Ds c th gi nh ch mt vi gi tr tng thch vi
dy cho trc ca trm c s, Do v khong cch ti s dng nh hn sng thit lp Fs.
Bn knh nh hng Rs phi tha mn:
Ds Dl
Rs Rl
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
R rng Rs<Rl, vng nh hn s c gi l li (trung tm), cn gii hn vng l
ngoi li v trong gii hn t bo.
Do cc gi nh ny nn c: qs R s 2 , ql R l R s
2 2 2
q R2 l q R2 l
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Tng s lng sng mang c tnh ton:
Ms qs q
Q Q Q q M q q M M q
s l s s s l l l
1 s M q 4 1 2
Ml q q
Ngha l: B( ) 4
1 2
Ds Dm Dl
Rs Rm R
l
Ba khu vc c chia khng chng cho nhau, c gi l core(vng trong lc gic nh)
middle (vng trong lc gic ln v ngoi core) ring ( gia bin gii lc gic ln v bin
gii ca t bo)
Nh trong trng hp ch c mt phn vng t bo, quan h gia bn knh v khong cch
ti s dng cho mi vng ph t bo: Ds/Rs= Dm/Rm = Dl/Rl
Ds v Dm c chn, Dl c cho. Ba cm t bo khc nhau c xc nh gm Ms, Mm,
Rm
Ml t bo. Nu n biu th ch s Rm/Rl:
Rl
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
F s phn thnh 3 tp Fl, Fm, Fs. Vi s lng Ql, Qm, Qs, vi khong cch ti s dng Dl,
Dm, Ds.
Fm c gi l tn s tm trung. Do mi t bo:
Tng dung lng mng c tnh nh cch trc trong 1 phn vng t bo. Gi dnh mt
ngi dng trong khu vc, phn b song mang ngi dng nh nhau ng u.
q R2
q R2
s s 2
q R 2 R2
q
m m 2
R
s
2 2
l
q R2 R 2
q
l l
R2
m
1 2
l
Q Qs Qm Ql
qs Ms qm Mm (q qqs qm q
)Ml
M q M s ms q M m
1 s
qm
l
Ml q Ml q q
M lq 4 2 ( 2 2 1 2 2 2 )
M q( 4 4 2 2 1 2 )
l
Khi v ch khi ,
1/ 3 2/3
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
2 2 i1 1
ging nhau lm t bo c ti u ha. i
P
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
Q i0 M i qi
P1
i0 M 0 q
P1 2
2 2
i i i1
M q 2
2
P1 2
0 i0
i i i1
t gi tr nh nht
Hm C(i , P) C(i , P) i0 i i i1
P1 2
2 2
Ta c: P 1 v C 1 (P) 2P
C(P)
P 1
2P
Vi: lim C 1
(P) 2.
P
Qu trnh hnh thnh cuc gi ngi dng v linh ng c din t bng quy cho
trng hp ch mt phn chia t bo (mi t bo c chia thnh vng v li). V tr ca
ngi dng in thoi c nh ngha bi ch s t bo u ngi dng hin ti c
thy v theo tng kiu t bo (li v vng) bn trong t bo . Mt m hnh di ng n
gin c gii thiu m t s chuyn ng ngi dng gia cc vng dch v c chia.
Chng ta bc u xt rng mt t bo nh mt thc th n c. Hy cho thi gian i
qua t bo l gi tr ngu nhin vi hm mt xc sut cp s nhn t chi (pdf) v gi tr
trung bnh 1/ . Hy gi s u tin ngi dng ng, v th xc sut ca vic tm thy mt
ngi dng ti vng c cho l t l vi din tch vng, cho vng dch v by gi chia
thnh S t bo ging nhau.
Tc chuyn tip i ra t t bo xc nh c bit ( ), trong khi tc chuyn
tip khc thu c bi vic cn bng lu lng xt rng xc sut trng thi c nh ngha
bi 1/s (t bo nh du) v (s-1)/s (tt c cc t bo khc). Mt ngi dng ri khi t
bo v vo 6 t bo hng xm, l s la chn ngu nhin.
Gi phn bit v tr ngi dng gia vng tm v vng, chng ta chia trng thi t
bo c nh du. Tnh ton tc chuyn tip mi, cc gi nh sau c tao: xc sut
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
tm thy mt ngi s dngtrong mt khu vc nht nh t l vi din tch khu vc, tc
chuyn tip cho t bo khng thay i v thi gian i qua t bo trung bnh l t l
i .
vi bn knh t bo, Thi gian i qua li trung bnh l . Hnh 18 th hin
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BO CO BTL H THNG VIN THNG NHM 7 | 20162
lp chim ly tng ng vi mt s chuyn tip off - on. Nu mng c th cung cp mt
knh rnh, cuc gi mi c chp nhn v ngi dng gi knh trong thi gian ton. Nu
khng, cuc gi b kha v ngi dng quay tr li trng thi off. Trong qu trnh mt cuc
gi ngi dng c th i qua bin gii mt t bo hoc bin gii li 0 vng v knh v tuy
hin ti khng di s dng. Khi mt chuyn vng phi thc hin. nu mt knh mi
ph hp khng c tm thy, mt chuyn vng xy ra li v cuc gi b ri. Ngi dng
khi b p v trng thi off. [4]
4.4. Chnh sch gn knh ng
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M hnh phn tch nh gi hiu sut ca h thng c nghin cu rt kh
pht trin, thc hin do s phc tp ca h thng. V l do ny bin php thc hin sau y
c tnh ton ch s dng m phng my tnh. Mt vng dch v romboidal m c
xem xt. Mt mng thng thng 10x10 trm c s cung cp ph song thng qua n ten
ng hng. Nh vy, chng ta tng tng khu vc dch v chia thnh 100 t bo lc gic
ging nhau. Cc ngun song v tuyn bao gm mt tp hp cc sng mang, nhng ci m
c gn cho cc t bo c lp nhau. Mi sng c t chc trong h thng gm c mt
s lng nht nh cc khe thi gian, v mi khe thi gian h tr cuc gi. Lng nh nht
ca ngun sng v tuyn c th gn c ti mt t bo l mt sng mang. Xc sut cuc
gi b chn c cho bi thut ton phn b knh ng vi phn vng ti s dng c m
t trong cc phn trc, c nh gi bng m phng my tnh. Lun lun gi nh
rng ngi dng li c truyn truy cp song mang trong tp FI. Cc tham s A s th hin
phn tram knh lhf c th c dng ngi dng li. Chng ta chn hai kch c cm Ml
= 7 v Ms = 3. Cc mng li truy cp v cc thng s gi nh y l Q= 35 sng mang.
Mi song mang gi w= 4 khe thi gian (cc knh), lu lng truy cp trung bnh mi ngi
dng = 0.025 vi thi gian gi trung bnh 1/ = 120s.
Hnh 19 th hin xc sut chn cuc gi vi ngi dng c inh. S ngi dng c
nh c s N trong Khong 600- 800 vi mt s khc nhau ca shfs Qs (s Ql lhf;s c
cho bi Ql = Q-Qs ). Mt tnh nng chn cuc goi c a ra bi cc k thut phn vng
ti s dng cho tt c cc gi tr ca phn vng quang ph so vi trng hp c bn khng
c phn vng quan ph (Qs=0). Ty vo s lng ngi dng s ci thin di t mt bc
ti vi bc ca kch thc. N c tin hnh mt s phn chia ti u cc tn s sng Q
thnh hai tp hp Qs v Ql, ci m thnh ra: Ql = 28 v Qs =7 cho tt c kch thc tp hp
c xem xt.
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Hnh 22. Ngi s dng c nh: ngn chn xc sut chng s lng ngi dng mi
t bo.
Tuy nhin, mc d s lng nh cc sng mang Qs phn b li, tri qua mt xc sut chn
thp hn do kh nng truy cp ca h ti tt c cc tn s, trong khi vng vng, ngi
dng ch truy cp lhfs. mc dng chnh lch nh vy, phn vng ti s dng vn cung cp
mt s ci thin trong ngay xc sut chn, ngay c trong tnh trng ti t nht, v d kinh
nghim ngi s dng vng c gi nh nh hiu sut ton b h thng (Hnh 19).
Hin nay, thm cc tnh nng hng i ti cc trm c s mt cuc gi mi c
thit lp bi trm v chn do khng c sn cc knh ph hp c xp trong thi gian gii
hn. Mt thng s hp l cho thi gian xp hng cuc gi c chn l 5s, c ngha l nu
cuc gi b b nu khng c mt v tr no kh dng hoc mt sng mang mi c to kh
dng trong t bo. Mt b m cho 30 cuc gi c gi nh. Tc ng ca hang i v
gii hn truy cp ti lhfs hin c nh gi cho mt phn vng ph Ql = 28, Qs = 7. Hnh
20 cho thy xc sut chn ton th vi hang i v vi mt yu t truy cp bin A so vi
trng hp c bn truy cp y khng hng i (A = 100).
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Hnh 23. Ngi s dng c nh: chn hiu sut vi quyn truy cp c gii hn v
hng i.
R rng xc sut chn tng bi v h s A gim. Tuy nhin, mt gi tr thch hp cho
h s kh nng truy cp lhfs tn ti m tm v vng nhn mt dch v tng c vi s
gim nh ca tng th hnh dng blocking. Trong trng hp ca chng ta xy ra vi A gn
vi 40. Ngi dng ng by gi c thm vo h thng vi tham s 1/ = 60s. By gi
cuc gi khng thnh cng do hai s kin khc nhau: chn ti thi gian thit lp cuc gi
hay mt do s chuyn vng khng thnh cng. Lu rng vi phn vng ti s dng ca
chng ta, chuyn vng l cn thit c bin gii t bo v ti bin gii li khi lhf ang
c s dng cho cuc gi. Xc sut chn cp n cc s kin ca chn cc cuc gi
mi, bi v cc ti khon ri chuyn vng khng thnh cng. Xc sut li s biu th tng
xc sut chn c tnh n c hai loi li. trong hon cnh ny vi tt c ngi dng in
thoi di ng xc sut th hin trong Hnh 21. Th hin gi tr nh nht ca chng cho t l
phn chia Q = 35 thnh Ql = 28 v Qs = 7, ci m thu c vi ngi dng c nh. Mt
ln na, nu khng c hin th trong hnh, ngi dng li nhn c dch v tt hn
ngi dng vng.
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Hnh 24. Ngi s dng di chuyn: xc sut suy hao chng phn vng quang ph
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Hnh 25. Ngi dng di chuyn: xc sut li chuyn giao chng phn vng quang ph.
Cc lc phn vng ti s dng xut t cng sut h thng cao hn trong khi
tng lng truy cp tn hiu cn thit x l chuyn vng. Thy rng gnh nng tn hiu
cn thit p dng lc phn vng ti s dng l hp l v hn ch khng th hin mt
s kh khn trong cc ng dng k thut ny. [7]
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4.6. Kt lun
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