MC LC

MC LC ............................................................................................................ 1

CHNG I PHNG PHP S ....................................................................... 2

1.1 Phng php s l g? ................................................................................ 2

1.2 Sai s thng gp ....................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Sai s tng i & sai s tuyt i ..................................................... 2

1.2.2 Sai s tnh ton v sai s phng php ............................................... 4

CHNG 2 PHNG PHP MOMENT ......................................................... 5

2.1 Cc khi nim ............................................................................................. 5

2.2 Hm c s (hm trin khai) ........................................................................ 8

2.3 Hm trng lng (Hm th) .................................................................... 11

CHNG 3 NG DNG PHNG PHP MOMENT TRONG THIT K

ANTEN .................................................................................................................... 13

3.1 Anten gp khc ........................................................................................ 13

3.2 Anten vi di .............................................................................................. 17

3.3 Anten dy mnh ....................................................................................... 21

KT LUN ........................................................................................................ 25

TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................. 26

1 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 CHNG I PHNG PHP S
1.1 Phng php s l g?
Phng php s l mt lnh vc ca ton hc chuyn nghin cu cc phng
php gii cc bi ton (ch yu l gn ng) bng cch da trn nhng d liu s
c th v cho kt qu di dng s.
Nghin c mt s phng php c bn nht ca phng php s, c ng
dng nhiu trong thc t nh cc phng php s trong i s tuyn tnh, bi ton
ni suy, tm nghim dn ng cc phng trnh phi tuyn/ o hm/ tch phn hay
phng trnh vi phn
Vn t ra:
Phng php gii bi ton
Mi lin h gia li gii s gn ng v li gii ng, hay vn sai s ca li
gii.

1.2 Sai s thng gp

- Sai s trong vic m hnh ha bi ton: do ta khng th tnh c ht nhng
yu t nh hng n bi ton, hoc do ta bit c nhng yu t nh hng nhng
phi n gin ha m hnh c th tnh ton c.
- Sai s phng php: l sai s ca mi phng php dng tm li gii gn
ng.
- Sai s ca s liu: khi o c bng my mc hoc bng cc cng c chuyn
dng ta ch t c chnh xc nht nh.
- Sai s tnh ton: sai s khi ta lm trn tnh ton
1.2.1 Sai s tng i & sai s tuyt i
Sai s tuyt i
Xt i lng A v i lng gn ng ca n l a. Ta ni a xp x A.
Tr tuyt i a = |a A |
Trong thc t ta khng bit c sai s ng A, do sai s tuyt i khng
tnh c. V vy ta tm cch c lng sai s tuyt i bng s E a > 0 sao cho:
|a A | E a

2 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Vi E a c gi l sai s tuyt i gii hn ca a. (E a thng c chn l s
dng b nht c th tha mn.
A = a Ea
Sai s tng i
Gi a l sai s tuyt i ca a khi dng a xp x A
a
a =
||

Gi l sai s tng i ca a. Tuy nhin, A thng khng bit do vy ta nh

ngha i lng a l sai s tng i gii hn ca a
Ea
a = (1.5) E a = |a| x a
||

Hay A = a (1 a)
D thy, a = |a| x a
Quy tc tnh sai s:
Xt bi ton vi hm 2 bin s x v y: u = f(x,y)
- Gi x x l xp x ca gi tr ng X, y l xp x ca gi tr ng Y v ta coi u
l xp x ca gi tr ng U = f(X,Y)
Cho bit sai s v x v y >> tnh sai s v u
Cho bin x ta s l hiu x = x X l s gia ca x, cn dx l vi phn ca x.
u u
Theo cng thc vi phn ta c: du = dx + dy

u u u u
T y u ~ x + y >> u = | | x + | | y

Sai s ca hm bt k
Cho u = f(x 1 , x 2 ,, x n) theo cng thc vi phn ca hm nhiu bin ta c.
u u u
du = dx 1 + dx 2 + + dx n
x 1 x 2 x n
u u u
T y ta c u = x 1 + x 2 + + x n
x 1 x 2 x n
u u u
Suy ra u = | | x 1 + | | x 2 + + | | x n
x 1 x 2 x n

V d: Tnh sai s tuyt i gii hn v sai s tng i gii hn ca th tch

hnh cu:
1
V = d 3
6

Nu cho ng knh d = 3,7 0,05 cm v = 3,14 0,0016.

3 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten
 Gii:
Xem v d l i s ca hm V, p dng tnh sai s ca tch v sai s ca
thng ta c:
Sai s ca tch: u = x + y vi u = x n ta c x n = n x
Sai s ca thng: u = x + y
Ta c : v = + 3 d ( h s 1/6 khng nh hng ti sai s tng i)
= 0,0016/3,14 = 0,0005
d = 0,05/ 3,7 = 0,0135
Suy ra V = 0,0005 + 3 * 0,0135 = 0,04
Mt khc, V = (1/6) d 3 = 26,5 cm 3
Ta c V = |V| * V = 26,5 * 0,04 = 1,06 ~ 1,1 cm 3
V = 26,5 1,1 cm 3
1.2.2 Sai s tnh ton v sai s phng php
Sai s phng php:
- Khi ta gii mt bi ton phc tp ta phi thay bi ton bng bi ton n
gin hn c th tnh ton. Phng php thay bi ton phc tp bng phng
php n gin tnh c nh vy goi l phng php gn ng. Sai s do phng
php gn ng to ra gi l sai s phng php.
Sai s tnh ton:
- Mc du bi ton dng n gin, c th tnh ton c bng tay hoc trn
my tnh, nhng trong qu trnh tnh ton ta thng xuyn phi lm trn cc kt
qu trung gian. Sai s to ra bi tt c nhng ln quy trn nh vy c gi l sai
s tnh ton.

4 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 CHNG 2 PHNG PHP MOMENT
2.1 Cc khi nim
T cui nhng nm 1950, cc my vi tnh k thut s tc cao tr thnh
cng c ngy cng thit yu i vi cc k s v cc nh khoa hc. V vy, cc k
thut s dng my vi tnh nhm gii quyt cc vn vt l thay cho cc phng
php c rt pht trin. Trong lnh vc nghin cu in t trng, s dng
phng php moment trn my tnh nhm gii quyt bi ton tng hp, phn tch
anten ng vai tr vt tri hn so vi cc phng php khc.
Cm t phng php moment c ng R.F.Harrington a vo s dng
trong lnh vc in t trng t nm 1968 trong mt c gng nhm thng nht cc
phng php s ti thi im cn ngho nn song li phi gii quyt cc bi
ton c yu cu ngy cng phc tp. Tuy nhin ti thi im , phng php
moment mi ch biu dinc mt phng php tip cn c s bin i
phng trnh ton t thnh mt phng trnh ma trn hu hn, m c th gii c
bng phng php gii ma trn trc tip hoc bng phng php lp.
Ngy nay, sau hn ba thp k sau c gng thng nht ca Harrington, phng
php moment c nhiu nh nghin cu b sung sa i nng cao tnh u
vit ca n. Do vy vic x l mt vn bng phng trnh tch phn vi min
ca n c gii hn v nh l du hiu ca bc u tin trong gii php s
dng phng phpmoment. chnh l u im ca phng phapsmoment dn
n y l phng php c a chung nht trong gii quyt cc bi ton in t
trng do bn cht t do, khng b gii hn ca sng in t nh vic bc x sng
vo trong khng gian m, c th c thu hp li trong mt min gii hn bi cc
phng trnh tch phn.
Xt phng trnh ton t sau y: () =
Vi l mt ton t tuyn tnh, l hm ngun (hm kch thch) bit v l
hm p ng (hm thng) cn tm. Trong bi ton trng in t c rang buc
iu kin b, th phng trnh lun lun tn ti nghim duy nht khi cho.
Bi ton c gi l phn tch khi cho , v yu cu tm . Bi ton c gi
l tng hp khi chn v ton t phi xc nh hm ngun .

5 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

Gi s cho bi ton () = .
- Chng ta gi min ca ton t l tp hp cc hm m tc ng ln
c. Cc hm ny cng chung mt min xc nh v cng tha mn cc
iu kin b.
- Chng ta gi di ca ton t l tp hp cc hm c to thnh do tc
ng ca ln .
- Chng ta gi ni tch gia hai hm a, b bt k l mt gi tr v hng c
k hiu l <a,b> tha mn cc tnh cht sau y.
< , > = < , >
< + , > = < , > + < , > >
< , > > 0 nu a # 0 v = 0 nu a = 0
Vi , l cc i lng v hng v * l php ly lin hp phc.
- Chng ta gi ton t tip hp v min ca n qua nh ngha sau y:
< (), > =< , () >
Vi mi hm thuc min ca ton t . Nu = v min ca trng vi
min ca v c gi l ton t t tip hp.
- Chng ta gi ton t l thc nu thc th () thc.
- Chng ta gi ton t l xc nh dng (hay m) nu < , () > > 0
(hay < 0) vi mi min # 0 trong min ca ton t .
Nu li gii cu phng trnh () = tn ti v duy nht i vi mi
cho th c biu din thong qua ton t nghch o 1 : = 1 ()
Xt phng trnh () = , vi l mt ton t tuyn tnh bit, l hm
ngun v l hm p ng cn xc nh. Li gii xc nh t phng trnh (5.2)
thng khng phi lc no cng c th tm c di dng gii tch. Da vo tnh
cht tuyn tnh ca ton t , chng ta thc hin php khai trin gn ng thnh
t hp tuyn tnh ca cc hm 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . ,

=
=1
y, cc hm 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , c gi l cc hm c s hay hm khai trin
chn trc v thuc v min (domain) ca ton t , cn cc 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , l

6 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

cc n s (h s) cn xc nh. Thay (5.3) vo (5.1) v s dng tnh cht tuyn tnh
ca ton t , chng ta c:

( ) =
=1
Cc hm c s 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , c chn sao cho chng c lp tuyn tnh v
t hp tuyn tnh
=1 cng gn vi nghim chnh xc cng tt. Hn na,

( ) cn c tnh ton mt cch thun tin. nhn c li gii chnh xc, th

s hng ca tng (5.3) cn phi n v hn ( ). Tuy nhin, c th gii
(5.1) mt cch gn ng bng my tnh, cn phi hu hn. Do ng thc (5.4)
khng th tha mn hon ton trong ton min xc nh ca cc hm
1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , .
Do , chng ta a ra nh ngha phn d nh sau:

= ( )
=1
c cn (weight) hay th (test) bng 0 (zero) qua cc hm trng lng
(weighting functions) hay hm th (testing function) 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , c lp
tuyn tnh.
< , > = 0 = 1, 2, ,

Thay trong (5.5) vo (5.6), chng ta c:

< , ( ) > = 0
=1
= 1, 2, ,
Do tnh cht tuyn tnh ca ni tch, chng ta vit li (5.7):

< , ( ) > = < , >

=1
h

ay < , ( ) > = < , > = 1, 2, ,

=1
y l h phng trnh n s. Chng ta vit biu thc (5.9) di dng ma
trn nh sau:
[ ] [ ] = [ ]

7 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 vi < 1 , (1 ) >< 1 , (2 ) >
< 2 , (1 ) >< 2 , (2 ) >
[ ] =

[< , (1 ) >< , (2 ) > ]
l mt ma trn vung x , v
1
2
[ ] = .
.
[3 ]
1
2
[ ] = [< , >] = .
.
[3 ]

L cc ma trn ct x 1.
Nu cc ma trn vung [ ] c nh thc khc khng, th tn ti ma trn
nghch o [ ]1 , v ma trn n s [ ] c xc nh bi:
[ ] = [ ]1 [ ]
T , li gii gn ng ca phng trnh (5.1) l:

=
=1
1
2
t: [ ] = . th phng trnh (5.15) c vit nh sau:
.
[3 ]
= [ ][ ] = [ ][ ]1 [ ]
2.2 Hm c s (hm trin khai)
Vic quan trng u tin cn lm trong phng php moment l chn cc hm
c s 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , . Cc hm c s ny phi c kh nng biu din chnh xc
hm v gim thiu thi gian chy my tnh.
V mt l thuyt, c nhiu tp cc hm c s chn. Trong thc t, ch c mt
s nht nh cc tp c s dng v c phn chia thnh 2 loi tng qut nh
trnh by sau y.

8 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Cc hm c s min con
Cc hm c s min con l cc hm khc khng trong mt min con ca min
xc nh ca hm . Chng c th c s dng m khng cn bit trc c tnh
ca hm cn tm.
Phng php min con bt u t s phn chia min xc nh ca hm thnh
nhiu min con. V cc hm c s c xc nh trong phm vi mt hay nhiu
min con ny. Sau y l cc hm c s min con thng dng:
- Hm xung 1, 1
() = {
0,

Khi cc h s trong (5.3) c xc nh, hm () s c biu din

di dng bc thang nh hnh 5.2.

- Hm tam gic:
1 (5.18)
, 1
1
() = +1
, +1
+1
{ 0,

Khi cc h s trong (5.3) c xc nh, hm () c biu din di

dng nh hnh 5.4.
9 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten
 T hnh v, chng ta thy hm () biu din bng cc hm sin mn hn so
vi biu din bng hm tam gic, tha mn tnh lin tc ca () trn min xc
nh (nhng dc th vn khng m bo tnh lin tc trn min ). Tuy nhin
by gi phc tp tnh ton li tng nhiu hn do s dng hm sin.

Cc hm c s ton min
Hm c s ton min l hm c xc nh v khc khng trong ton min xc
nh ca hm cn tm .
- Hm cosin (5.
() = cos[(2 1)/] /2 20)
2

- Hm a thc 2|| (5
() = (1 ) , = 1,2, .20)
2 2

10 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Ngoi ra, chng ta c th chn lm hm c s ton min l cc hm Besswl,
hm a thc Chebychev (), hm a thc Legendre () v.v.

2.3 Hm trng lng (Hm th)

Ni chung, t (5.5) khng ng nht bng khng cho nn hm trng lng
thng qua ni tch (5.6) s khin bng khng theo ngha trung bnh trn
min xc nh ca ().
Ni tch i vi bi ton phng trnh tch phn cho hai hm , thng c
nh ngha l:
(5.22)
< , >=

Cc hm trng lng cn c chn sao cho chng c lp tuyn tnh v gim
thiu lng tnh ton (do gim c thi gian tnh ton) khi cn nh gi cc ni
tch (5.6), (5.9).
Nu hm c s v hm trng lng c chn bng nhau () = (), th
chng ta gi l phng php Galerkin.
Trong h phng trnh (5.9), c x s hng cn c tnh ton <
, ( ) >. Mi s hng i hi t nht hai ln tnh tch phn: ln u l tch phn
( ) ( l ton t tch phn) v sau l ni tch < , ( ) >. Do , khi 2 s
hng ny c tnh ton bng phng php s trn my tnh, th i hi mt lng
thi gian tnh ton rt ln. Trong thc hnh, c mt tp hp cc hm trng lng
lm gim nh vic tnh ton ni tch < , ( ) > l cc hm trng lng Delta
Dirac.
[ ] = [(1 ) , (2 ) , (3 ) , ] (5.23)
Vi 1 , 3 , 3 , l cc im chn trn mt S ca antenna.
Ni tch by gi tr thnh:
(5
< , ( ) >=< () , ( ) >= () ( ) = ( )|= .24)

V < , ( ) > n gin ch l gi tr ca ( ) ti im .
Cng thc (5.9) c vit li nh sau:

11 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 (5.23)
< , ( ) > =< ( ) , g >
=1
Hay
(5.23)
( )|= = g|= = 1,2, ,
=1
Chng ta nhn thy rng vic s dng hm Delta Dirac: lm hm trng lng s
gim nh vic tha mn iu kin b cho cc iu kin b ny c p dng ch
ti cc im ri rc trn b mt antenna. Do , s dng hm trng lng Delta
Dirac cn c gi l phng php phi hp im (point matching method).

12 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 CHNG 3 NG DNG PHNG PHP MOMENT
TRONG THIT K ANTEN
3.1 Anten gp khc
Trong k thut anten, cc kt cu sng chm hin ti rt to ln cng knh.
gim bt kch thc v khi lng ca kt cu sng chm, ta c th s dng kt
cu chn t bng dy dn hoc khe hp c ng knh rt nh so vi bc sng
(r/lamda << 1 ) c ph cht in mi hoc t mi. Tuy nhin cc chn t
impedance s dng cht in mi hoc t mi c nhc im l phi s dng cc
vt liu in mi gy tn hao sng trong cc mi trng vt liu nn lm gim hiu
sut ca kt cu. khc phc nhc im trn, c th thay th mi trng bao
quanh dy dn (in mi hay ferit) bi ng dy hoc khe gp khc hay xon. Khi
y sng truyn lan dc theo kt cu c hnh thnh t hai sng truyn lan vi vn
tc pha khc nhau, trong mt sng truyn lan vi vn tc c v mt sng truyn
lan theo ng dy (khe) gp khc hoc xon vi vn tc y < c. Xt kt cu
impedance c dng gp khc dt. Chn chiu dng in t A ti B. Cc on trn
ng cong AB c nh s 1,2,3N vi N l tng s on trn ng cong. D
thy, vi dng hnh hc nh kt cu c nghin cu, ta lun c N l chn. Cc
on l ca ng cong AB c cc chiu di tng ng l: l 1,3,5,7= p.l0; Cc on
chn c di: l2, 4, 6, 8= q.l0 (p,q l s nguyn) vi l0 l di on nh nht m
trong gi tr dng t M(s) c coi l khng thay i; rng ca ng cong
l w.

13 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Gi s sng phng c dng:

truyn ti kt cu mch di v to vi b mt kt cu mt gc i . Trn b mt kim

loi, sng ti to ra dng mt v kch thch sng bc x Esc. Chng ta c cc thnh
phn tip tuyn ca tng in trng trn b mt kim loi tho mn iu kin bin
bng 0, ngha l:

trn b mt kim loi z =d. Phng trnh chnh l phng trnh iu kin bin m
chng ta cn phi gii quyt bng phng php moment.
Ta c phng trnh tch phn Pocklington i vi thnh phn tip tuyn ca
tng in trng Etan sc trn mch di hp nh sau:

trn on mch di AB. Trong a l x hoc y ty thuc mch di hng theo trc
x hoc y. a v z l cc tch phn v c xc nh bng cch p dng cc iu
kin bin ti b mt giao tip gia khng kh v cht in mi trn mt phng z = d,

Trong :

Trong nhng biu thc ny, r' l khong cch gia im ngun v im quan
st. Chuyn cc bin s x, y qua gi tr s, chng ta tin hnh php ni tch vi
vector n v t tip tuyn vi phn t m trn c cha im quan st (c to
s(x,y), z = d). Do thnh phn tip tuyn ca trng in ti im quan st
c biu din nh sau:

14 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

Chn hm c s v xc nh phng trnh ma trn
Chng ta biu din dng in trn cc on trong mt tiu chu k di dng:

Trong : fn(s') l cc hm khai trin v In l cc h s cn c xc nh. Hm

fn(s') l hm sin min con c xc nh nh sau:

Thay th In(s') vo phng trnh kt hp vi hm fn(s) ch tn ti trn sn-1, sn+1

do vy cc cn tch phn t 0 n L tng ng thay i thnh t sn-1, sn+1 ta c:

S dng khai trin i vi o hm theo to t, l khong cch gia im

quan st v im bt u ca on cha im quan st, chng ta c th n gin
phng trnh nh sau:

Chn hm trng lng Tm l hm Delta Dirac cho vector t, s dng phng

php phi hp im (pointmatching) v cc php bin i ton cho c hai v ca
phng trnh chng ta c:

Mt s kt qu phn tch

15 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Chng ta xem xt cc kt cu mch di hp gp khc c dng hnh hc vi
chiu di theo cc trc x, y, z l c = 1 ,D = 1 , d = -0,083 (b dy in mi)
khng thay i, tuy nhin chng ta s thay i t l p/q cc nhnh ngn /di t
1/1,1/4, 1/6... nghin cu c tnh bc x ca cc kt cu ny.
- Vi mch di hp c 24 nhnh p = 2, q = 2, tng chiu di theo tuyn mch di l
2 . Kt qu bc x trng ch ra trn hnh di y:

- Vi mch di hp c 24 nhnh p = 2, q = 8, tng chiu di theo tuyn mch di l

5 . Kt qu bc x trng ch ra trn hnh di y:

- Vi mch di hp c 24 nhnh p = 2, q = 12, tng chiu di theo tuyn mch di

l 5 . Kt qu bc x trng ch ra trn hnh di y:

16 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 3.2 Anten vi di
V cu to, mi phn t ca kt cu mch di gm c cc thnh phn chnh l
phin kim loi c gn trn lp in mi, mn chn kim loi v b phn tip
in. Phin kim loi c gn trn lp in mi to nn mt kt cu tng t
nh mt mng ca mch in, v th anten mch di cn c tn l anten mch in.
Cc thng s cu trc c bn ca mt phn t anten mch di l chiu di L,
chiu rng W, chiu dy t v hng s in mi . Phn t anten mch di c th
c tip in bng ng truyn mch di c ch to theo cng ngh mch in
gn lin vi phin kim loi hoc dng cp ng trc c u thm ni vi phin kim
loi cn v cp ni vi mn chn. Ty thuc vo hnh dng phin kim loi v cc
thng s hnh hc m ta c cc loi anten khc nhau. Hng s in mi ng vai tr
quan trng nht vi hot ng ca anten. N nh hng n tr khng c tnh, tn
s cng hng, di tn v hiu sut ca anten.

Xt mt phin kim loi hnh dng bt k c t trn lp in mi c din tch

rt ln c h s in mi r v dy d.

Nh vy, c th
t t coi phin l cht dn in tuyt i nn iu kin bin trn n
c xc nh bi: Ei Es
Ei : trng ngoi hay trng ti v tr mch di, do ngun ngoi t vo hay do
sng phng ti to ra.
Et: trng t cm (trng bc x), l trng khu gn c xc nh t phn b
dng trn b mt phin kim loi, c xc nh theo cng thc:

17 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Trong G l hm Green dyadic v J l ln ca vect mt dng in ti
cc v tr c ta x0, y0, z0 nht nh trn phin kim loi.
Phn b dng J c th c xc nh l tng ca cc hm c s min con, chng
hn hm tam gic. Khi cc thnh phn dng in theo min con s l:
+1
J x (x,y) =
=1 =1 () ()
J y (x,y) = +1
=1 =1 () ()
Trong hm fn v tng ng l hm tam gic v hm xung:
1
, 1
1
() = +1
, +1
+1
{ 0,
1, 1
( ) = {
0,
Trong min ph, cc thnh phn ny c xc nh nh sau (theo cng thc
Green):
x (K x , K y ) = +1
=1 =1 ( , )
y (K x , K y ) = +1
=1 =1 ( , )
Vi:
sin( /2) sin( /2) 2
( , ) = [ ][ ] ( + /2)
/2 /2

2
sin( /2) sin( /2)
( , ) = [ ] [ ] ( + /2)
/2 /2

Hm trng lng c chn theo phng php Galerkin, thu c phng trnh
ma trn nh sau:

|| =

Vit dng ma trn:

Trong :
1
=
4 2
xx(Kx ,Ky ,d|d) (Kx ,Ky) (-Kx ,-Ky)d Kxd Ky

18 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 1
=
4 2
xy(Kx ,Ky ,d|d) (Kx ,Ky) (-Kx ,-Ky)d Kxd Ky
1
=
4 2
yx(Kx ,Ky ,d|d) (Kx ,Ky) (-Kx ,-Ky)d Kxd Ky
1
=
4 2
yy(Kx ,Ky ,d|d) (Kx ,Ky) (-Kx ,-Ky)d Kxd Ky
Cc phn t ca ma trn tr khng c xc theo tch phn hm Green v c
tnh theo phng php s.
Cng thc tnh phn t ca vector kch thch: V pq J pq Eincdxdy

Theo nguyn l i ln c th xc nh c trng bc x t phin mch di:

Trong : E0 l vector bin ca sng ti, Epq l trng bc x min xa bi

vector phng thc dng in pq v -4 /i 0 l cng cn thit i vi mt
ngun dipol cc nh to ra mt n v sng phng. Sng phng ti t hng
i, i theo h to cu vi cc thnh phn l E v E . Mt ct bc x RCS s
c dng:

Cc trng bc x bi dng in trn b mt phin kim loi c th c xc

nh t hm s Green. Trng ti im x, y, z t ngun hng x t ti im
x0, y0, d c xc nh nh sau:

Thc hin m phng bng Matlab trng bc x (RCS - Radar Cross Section)
ca anten mch di hp c hnh dng bt k. Mch di hp c chia thnh cc
hnh ch nht nh, c kch thc 5mm x 1mm. Kch thc ny nh phn b
dng trong mch di hp c coi l khng thay i. Bn knh hiu dng ca mch
di hp l w/4 = 0,25mm. Cht in mi s dng c h s in t thm r = 2,2.
Chn tn s s dng l 2,5GHz, gc sng ti l 90 .

19 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Kt qu m phng mch di hp gp khc (dng ziczac) c N = 4, 8, 16, 64 v
t l di gp p/q=1/2 nh sau:

Nh vy, trng bc x ca anten mch di s c bp sng chnh ng vi gc

ti khong 10 , cc i ph th nht ng vi gc ti 20 .
M phng trn phn mm HFSS:

li v th phng hng bc x:

20 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 3.3 Anten dy mnh

Trn hnh, chng ta c cc hnh v m t vic phn on anten dy thng

mnh v dng in tng ng trn b mt anten v dc theo trc ca anten.
Chng ta vit li phng trnh tch phn Pocklington cho anten dy thng mnh vi
lu chuyn cc ta t trc S ca dy dn c hnh dng bt k sang trc Z ca
dy dn thng. Chng ta c:

Gi s dy dn rt mnh (a<< lamda), (5.36a) c rt gn nh sau:

Chng ta s dng Pocklington bin i gii tch v khai trin di dng hm

s Thiele c dng n gin v tin li hn:

Vi im quan st dc theo trc ca dy dn (p=0). L do chn im quan

st dc theo trc dy dn nm khc vi phn b dng ngun dy dn si tng
ng l(z), thng c t trn b mt dy dn hoc ngc li nhm trnh s

21 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

chng ln gia cc im ngun v im quan st xut hin khi qu trnh t tr
khng ln nhau (self-impedance) trong trng hp ta ca im ngun trng vi
ta ca im quan st (z=z). Lc theo khong cch R s bng bn knh a ca
dy dn.

Trong (5.47) v (5.49). l(z) biu din dng ngun dy dn si tng ng

trn b mt ca dy dn, khi bit in trng ti b mt dy dn, l(z) c th c
xc nh bng phng php moment s dng cc k thut phi hp im (point-
matching), kt hp cc iu kin bin ti cc im ri rc trn b mt dy dn.
Thng thng, chng ta chn cc im phi hp dc theo trc ca dy dn, trong
l(z) nm trn b mt dy dn (hnh 5.12a). Hoc chng ta c th o li, ni
phn phi dng ngun dy dn si tng ng l(z) c t dc theo trc ca
dy dn v cc im phi hp c ly trn b mt dy dn.
Chn hm c s v thit lp phng trnh ma trn
Chn phng n c th hin trn hnh, phn b dng ngun dy dn si
tng ng I(z) c t cc theo trc ca dy dn v cc im phi hp c ly
trn b mt dy dn,Chng ta chn hm xung min con lm hm c s v khai
trin dng I(z) theo ta im ngun(trng vi gc ta ) v hm c s ny dc
theo trc ca dy dn nh sau:

( ) = . ( )
1, 1
Trong () = {
0,

H s In l n s.Cc h s In (n=0,1,2.N-1) c xc nh bng phng

php ,moment trong s dng hm khai trin fn(z) v hm trng lng

Do z ch nm trong khong: .

22 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Ta c th vit li thnh:
Phng trnh s c bin i thnh phng trnh ma trn c dng:

Vit dng ma trn:

trong
M phng trong Matlab:

M phng trong HFSS:

23 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 Vic s dng phng php Moment phn tch c tnh ca anten mch di v
anten dy mnh cho kt qu chnh xc vi thi gian chy m phng trn my
tnh nhanh hn cc nghin cu trc y khng nh u im vt tri ca
phng php ny trong vic phn tch, tng hp anten v c th c s dng trong
phn tch cc anten c kt cu phc tp khc.

24 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 KT LUN
Vic s dng phng php moment vi hm c s min con l hm sin cho
php bin cc phng trnh ca bi ton trng (khi nghin cu kt cu anten mch
di hp hnh gp khc) dng ton t v cc phng trnh ma trn c th gii c
trn my tnh. Cc anten vi hnh dng bt k u c th c phn tch bng
phng php ny nh vic thay i bin bn ngoi ca phin kim loi mch di.
Cc kt qu tnh ton cho thy rng mt ct bc x trng i vi cc kt cu
mch di u c mt bp sng cc i th hai (grating lobe) ti gc khong 1450
do hiu ng ca sng chy trong khi bp sng chnh nm ti gc khong 500. Nu
chng ta tng tr khng ca tuyn mch di ln th mt ct bc x trng s gim
tng ng. Do vy, tuyn mch di s mang c tnh ca mt kt cu sng chm
in hnh.
l nhng kt qu c bn nhng l nn tng c s cho cc nghin cu sau
ny, pht trin ti theo hng chuyn su hn. Do khong thi gian c hn, v
vy, ti khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong thy v cc bn ng gp v
b sung cho ti thm hon thin.

Mt ln na nhm xin chn thnh cm n!

25 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten

 TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Phan Anh, L thuyt v k thut Anten. Nxb Khoa hc K thut, H Ni
Nxb Khoa hc K thut, H Ni, 2007.

[2]. Nguyn Anh Tun, Phng php moment gii bi ton trng trn anten.
Tp ch KH&CN - i hc Thi Nguyn., 2009.

[3] Robert E.Colin, Antenas and Radio wave Propagation. McGraw- Hill, Inc,
1985.

[4]. C. A. Balanis, Antena Theory. McGraw-Hill, Inc,1997.

[5]. R. F. Harrington, Field Computations by Moment Method. IEEE Press,

New York, 2002.

[5]. S.N. Macarov, Antena and EM modeling with Matlab. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc, New York, 2002.

[6]. R. C. Johson, Antena Engineering Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New york,

1993

26 ng dng phng php moment vo phn tch anten