Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

Phonetics v mt s ch v cch pht m

1. Pht m ui -ed :

- /id/ hoc /d/:Khi ng t c tn cng l ph m /t/ hoc /d/

E.g

Wanted / wntid /

Needed / ni:did /

- /t/:Khi ng t tn cng bng ph m v thanh /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, //, //

E.g

Stoped / stpt /

Laughed / l:ft /

Cooked / kkt /

Sentenced / entnst /

Washed / wt /

Watched / wtt /

-/d/: Khi ng t tn cng l cc nguyn m v cc ph m cn li

Played / pleid /

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

Opened / pnd /

-Mt s trng hp ngoi l: Mt s t kt thc bng ed c dng lm tnh t, ui ed c

pht m l /id/:

Aged:/ eidid / (Cao tui. ln tui)

Blessed:/ blesid / (Thn thnh, thing ling)

Crooked:/ krkid / (Cong, on, vn vo)

Dogged:/ dgid / (Gan gc, gan l, bn b)

Naked:/ neikid / (Tr tri, trn trung)

Learned:/ l:nid / (C hc thc, thng thi, uyn bc)

Ragged:/ rgid / (Rch t ti, b x)

Wicked:/ wikid / (Tinh qui, ranh mnh, nguy hi)

Wretched:/ retid / (Khn kh, bn cng, ti t)

2. Cch pht m t danh t s t chuyn sang s nhiu:

a. S nhiu ca danh t thng c to bng cch thm "s" vo s t

V d: house - houses, cat - cats, shirt - shirts
S c pht m l /s/ sau m P, K, F. Ngoi ra n c pht m l /z/.
Khi S t sau CE, GE, SE hoc ZE, cc t khi c ln s c thm mt vn c pht m l /iz/
b. Cc danh t kt thc bng S, SS, SH, TCH, CH, X, Z khi chuyn sang s nhiu u thm -ES vo
cui, nh: gases (hi), masses (khi), dishes (mn n), churches (nh th), ditches (h), boxes (hp),
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

topazes (hong ngc). Khi ES t sau CH, SH, SS hoc X, cc t d khi c ln s c them mt vn
c pht m l /iz/

3. Cch pht m S tn cng

S tn cng (ending S) c pht m nh sau:

1. c pht m l /z/: khi i sau cc nguyn m v cc ph m hu thanh (voiced consonants), c
th l cc ph m sau: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /T/, /m/, /n/, /N/, /l/, /r/.
V d: boys, lies, ways, pubs, words, pigs, loves, bathes, rooms, turns, things, walls, cars.
2. c pht m l /s/: khi i sau cc ph m v thanh (voiceless consonants), c th l cc ph m
sau: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ v /H/.
V d: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths.
3. c pht m l /iz/: khi i sau mt ph m rt (hissing consonants), c th l cc ph m sau:
/z/, /s/, /dZ/, /tS/, /S/, /Z/.
V d: refuses, passes, judges, churches, garages, wishes

4. Khi gp gch di ch S

Bnh thng ch s pht m l /s/,nhng c nhng ngoi l cn nh l :

- Ch s c /z/: raise, busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose,
reason, preserve, poison..
- Ch s c / /: sugar, sure

5. i vi ch CH

- CH c /ch/ l bnh thng

- CH c : /k/ gm cc ch sau: chemist, ache, christmas, mechanic, architect, character ,chaos...,
technology, echo...
- CH c l / /: machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,...

6. i vi ch H

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

Cc ch H sau y l h cm: hour, honor, honest (v cc gia nh t ca ch ny)

7. Ch GH

Bnh thng c l /f/ nhng cc ch sau GH khng c: plough, though, although, weigh....

8. Ch B cm khi ng sau ch m: climb, bomb, lamb....

9. W cm: sword
Ch T cm: listen, often

10. i vi m /u/ v /u:/

/u/ gm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book....
/u:/ gm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,.....

11. Ch TH:
a. TH - u t:
Hu ht cc t bt u bng th th c l //.
Tr mt s t t thng dng sau y bt u bng th m c l // :
5 demonstratives: the, this, that, these, those
2 personal pronouns (mi ch 4 dng): thou, thee, thy, thine; they, them, their, theirs
7 adverbs hay conjunctions: there, then, than, thus, though, thence, thither (tuy cng c ngi c
thence v thither vi m //)
Mt s compound adverbs ghp vi cc t trn: therefore, thereupon, thereby, thereafter,
thenceforth, etc.

b. TH - Gia t:
Hu ht th gia t c c l //.
Gia cc vowels: heathen, fathom;
Nhng t hp vi -ther-: bother, brother, dither, either, father, Heather, lather, mother, other,
rather, slither, southern, together, weather, whether, wither, smithereens; Caruthers,

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

Nhng danh t kp m phn u c -ther hay -thers: Gaithersburg, Netherlands, Witherspoon-

Ring Rutherford th c th c // hay //.
Sau ch /r/: Worthington, farthing, farther, further, northern.
Trc ch /r/: brethren.
Mt s t th gia t c c l // y l v xut pht t nhng danh t c c l // :
Nhng tnh t c cu to bng cch thm -y sau danh t th thng gi nguyn l //:
earthy, healthy, pithy, stealthy, wealthy; ring worthy v swarthy th c l //.
Trong nhng t ghp vi nhng ch c l //, th tip tc c nh khi cha ghp : bathroom,
Southampton; anything, everything, nothing, something.
T ting Anh duy nht c th gia m c // l brothel.
a s cc t m th gia nhng c l // l nhng t vay mn t ngn ng khc:
T ting Hy Lp: Agatha, anthem, atheist, Athens, athlete, cathedral, Catherine, Cathy,
enthusiasm, ether, ethics, ethnic, lethal, lithium, mathematics, method, methyl, mythical, panther,
pathetic, sympathy
T ting La Tinh: author, authority
Cc tn gc La Tinh: Bertha, Gothic, Hathaway, Jonathan, Othello, Parthian
Gc Celtic: Arthur , Abernathy, Abernethy
Gc c: Luther.
Nhng t vay mn m c l //:
Nhng t vay mn t ting Hy lp c dng -thm-: algorithm, logarithm, rhythm. Ring
asthma, th ngy nay c th khng c th.

c. TH- Cui t
Nouns v Adjectives
Danh t v tnh t tn cng bng th th c l //: bath, breath, cloth, froth, loath, sheath,
sooth, tooth/teeth, wreath.
Tr nhng t kt thc bng -the: tithe, lathe, lithe th c l //.
cc t: blythe, booth, scythe, smooth c th c l // hoc //.
Verbs
Cc ng t tn cng bng th th c l //, v thng vit di dng -the: bathe, breathe,
clothe, loathe, scathe, scythe, seethe, sheathe, soothe, teethe, tithe, wreathe, writhe, v ng t:
mouth th cng c l //.
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

froth th c th c // hay // nu l ng t, v ch c l // nu l danh t.

Loi khc:
with c th c l // hay // cng nh cc t ghp vi n: within, without, outwith, withdraw,
withhold, withstand,wherewithal, etc.

12. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m thnh /i:/

Rule(s) Examples Exceptions

Break, Breakfast,
great, steak,
Nhm chea, hoc ea+
measure, pleasure,
ph m trong cc t c 1 hoc Sea, seat, please, heat,
pleasant, deaf, death,
2 m tit thng c pht teach, beat, easy, mean,
weather, feather,
m thnh /i:/ leaf, leave, breathe
breath,

ear l /i/.

Nhm chee, hoc ee+

ph m trong t mt m tree, green, teen, teeth,
Beer, cheer, deer
tit thng c pht m keep, wheel, feel, seed,
eer l /i/.
thnh /i:/ breed, sheet, speed

Nhm ch ie ng trc
nhm ch ve hoc
Believe, chief, relieve,
f thng c pht m
achieve, brief, thief
thnh /i:/

Hu t -ese ch quc tch

hay ngn ng thng c Vietnamese, Chinese,
pht m thnh /i:/ Japanese, Portuguese

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

Bi tp thc hnh sau y: Chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li

1. A. heal B. tear C. fear D. ear

2. A. break B. heat C. mean D. weave
3. A. feet B. sheep C. beer D. fee
4. A. great B. repeat C. East D. Cheat

p n:

1. A. heal /hi:l/ B. tear /ti/ C. fear /fi/ D. ear /i/

2. A. break/breik/ B. heat/hi:t/ C. mean/mi:n/ D. weave/wi:v/
3. A. feet/fi:t/ B. sheep/ i:p/ C. beer/ /bi/ D. fee/fi:/
4. A. great /greit/ B. repeat/ri'pi:t/ C. East/i:st/ D. Cheat/ti:t/

13. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m thnh //

Rule(s) Examples Exceptions

Nhm chall trong cc t

mt hoc hai m
Call, fall, small, tall, all
tit thng c pht m
thnh //

Nhm ch au ng trc
mt hoc nhiu ph Audience, author, Aunt, laugh,
m thng c pht m daughter, haunt, August laughter
thnh //

Nhm ch aw hoc aw
cng mt ph Law, lawn, awful,
m thng c pht m awesome, draw
thnh //

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Nhm wa ng trc hoc

hai ph m thng c pht Wall, water, walk
m thnh //

Nhm ch or hoc ore

For, port, short, distort,
ng cui t hoc trc mt
report, or, therefore, doctor, translator
ph m trong tthng c
foresee, core, mentor
pht m thnh //

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li

1. A. hall B. charm C. far D. calm

2. A. paw B. raw C. war D. car
3. A. transport B. afford C. horse D. hose
4. A. because B. aunt C. auditory D. automobile

p n:
1. A. hall /h:l/ B. charm/t:m/ C. far/f:/ D. calm /k:m/
2. A. paw /p:/ B. raw/r:/ C. war/w:/ D. car/k:/
3. A. transport/trnsp:t/ B. afford/'f:d/ C. horse/h:s/ D. hose/houz/
4. A. because/bi'kz/ B. aunt/:nt/ C. auditory/':ditri/ D. automobile/':tmbi:l/

14. Cc nhm ch c pht m l /u/

Rule(s) Examples Ngoi l

Nhm choo hoc oo + oo l // (examples: Blood,

ph m ng cui mt Food, zoo, cool, fool, soon, flood)
tthng c pht m l tool, spoon, pool, goose oo l /u/ (examples: book,
/u/. hook, good, cook, wood)

Nhm ch ue hoc oe Blue, shoe, clue, glue oe l /ou/ (Examples: Toe,

ng cui t thng c hoe, coerce)

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

pht m l /u/. oe l /ju/ (Examples: fuel,

cue, due, duel)

Nhm ch ew ng cui t
drew, crew, flew, sewage, ewl /ju/ (Examples: pew
c 1 hoc 2 m tit, thng
grew, few)
c pht m l /u/.

Nhm ui ng trc mt
ph m, thng c pht Bruise, fruit, juice
ui l /i:/ ( Examples: build)
m l /u/.

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li

1. A. fuel B. blue C. hue D. cue

2. A. flew B. few C. crew D. chew
3. A. cruise B. build C. bruise D. fruit
4. A. tooth B. booth C. good D. soon

p n:

1. A. Fuel/fjul/ B. blue/blu/ C. hue/hju/ D. cue/dju/

2. A. flew/flu/ B. few/fju/ C. crew/kru/ D. chew/tu/.
3. A. cruise/kus/ B. build/bi:ld/ C. bruise/bruz/ D.fruit/frut/
4. A. tooth/tu/ B. booth/bu/ C. good/gud/ D. soon/sun/

15. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m l /ei/

Rules Examples

Nhm chay ng cui mt t thng

Day, play, ashtray, stay
c pht m l /ei/.

Nhm ch a + ph m+e ng cui t c Plate, cake, pale, whale, safe, inhale

mt hoc hai m tit thng c pht m

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

l /ei/.

Nhm ch ai + ph m ng cui t 1 hoc Mail, nail, sail, sailor, maid, paid, wait, gain,
2 m tit thng c pht m l /ei/. maintain, grain,

Ch a ng lin trc nhm ch kt thc t

Nation, explanation, preparation
-ion v ian thng c pht m l /ei/.

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li

Odd one out

1. A. take B. say C. brake D. national
2. A. tail B. fail C. explain D.
3. A. hate B. made C. cake D. sad
4. A. creation B. translation C. examination D. librarian

p n:
Cu 1, p n l D. national /'nnl/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //cn phn
gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/

Cu 2, p n l D. Britain /'britin/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /i/, cn phn gch

di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/

Cu 3, p n l B. sad /sd/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //, cn phn gch di

ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/

Cu 4, p n l D. librarian /laibrerin/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /e/, cn

phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/

16. Mt s quy tc khc:

- Ch e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), ai (said) c pht m l /e/.

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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

- Hu ht cc ch c vit l ar, al th c pht m l /a:/. Ch a trong ask, path, aunt cng c

pht m l /a:/. Cc ch vit l ear, ere, are, air, th c pht m l /e/ (ngoi heart c pht m l
/ha: t/).

- Cc ch c vit l a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m
s l /ei/.

- Cc ch c vit l a th pht m s l // (Tr trng hp sau a c r sau r khng phi l mt

nguyn m). Tuy nhin ch a trong ask, path, aunt li c pht m l /a:/.

- Hu ht cc ch c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l /ai/. Mt s ch vit l

igh (high), uy (buy) cng c pht m ging nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ring cc t fridge, city,
friend li khng c pht m l /ai/.

- Hu ht cc ch c vit l i (win) c pht m l /i/, i khi y cng c pht m nh trn (Tr

trng hp sau i c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m).

- Hu ht cc ch c vit l er hoc nguyn m trong cc m tit khng c trng m th c pht

m thnh //: teacher, owner...

- Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt). Ngoi ra

cn c cc trng hp ngoi l or (word), ear (heard)

- Cc ch ci c vit l oy, oi s c pht m l //. V d: boy, coin...

- Cc ch ci c vit l ow, ou thng c pht m l // hay /a/, tuy nhin chng cng cn c
nhiu bin th pht m khc na.

Nhng nguyn m A, E, I, O ,U thng c pht m thnh /:/ khi di dng: ar, er, ir, or, ur.(
tr nhng trng hp ch ngi nh: teacher...)
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

+ ar: thng c pht m thnh /:/ nhng t c nhm -ear trc ph m ( VD: earth) hoc gia
cc ph m (VD: learn )

+ er: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t i trc ph m( VD: err), hoc gia cc ph m( VD:
serve)

+ ir: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t c tn cng bng -ir (VD: stir )hay -ir + ph m (VD: girl
)

+ or : c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t m -or i sau w v trc ph m ( VD: world, worm)

+ ur: c pht m thnh /:/ vi nhng t tn cng bng -ur hoc -ur + ph m ( VD: fur, burn)

BI TP
Chn t c phn gch chn pht m khc nhng t cn li:

1. A. exist B. extinct C. explorer D. expand

2. A. eternal B. energy C. eradicate D. eliminate
3. A. ancient B. educate C. strange D. address
4. A. desert B. reserve C. observant D. conserve
5. A. astound B. account C. country D. mounting
6. A. bushes B. wishes C. researches D. headaches
7. A. debt B. climbing C. timber D. lamb
8. A. enough B. cough C. thorough D. tough
9. A. apply B. maximum C. cactus D. national
10. A. funny B. rubbish C. upper D. Student

p n:
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

1: A. exist B. extinct C. explorer D. expand

2: A. eternal B. energy C. eradicate D. eliminate
3: A. ancient B. educate C. strange D. address
4: A. desert B. reserve C. observant D. conserve
5: A. astound B. account C. country D. mounting
6: A. bushes B. wishes C. researches D. headaches
7: A. debt B. climbing C. timber D. lamb
8: A. enough B. cough C. thorough D. tough
9: A. apply B. maximum C. cactus D. national
10: A. funny B. rubbish C. upper D. student

1. A. excursion B. further C. occur D. occurrence

2. A. measure B. division C. precision D. apprehension
3. A. replace B. luggage C. surface D. palace
4. A. steward B. sew C. sewage D. dew
5. A. fearsome B. spear C. gear D. swear

p n:
1. A. excursion B. further C. occur D. occurrence
2. A. measure B. division C. precision D. apprehension
3. A. replace /rples/ B. luggage /'lgi/ C. surface /srfs/ D. palace/pls/
4. A. steward /stjud/B. sew /so/ C. sewage /sju:id/ D. dew /dju:/
5. A. fearsome B. spear C. gear D. swear

01. A. final B. writer C. ivory D. widow

02. A. passed B. managed C. cleared D. threatened
03. A. plain B. certain C. faithful D. attain
04. A. documentary B. population C. stimulate D. maximum
05. A. supply B. sensitive C. reserve D. universal
p n
01. A. final B. writer C. ivory D. widow
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

02. A. passed B. managed C. cleared D. threatened

03. A. plain B. certain C. faithful D. attain
04. A. documentary B. population C. stimulate D. maximum
05. A. supply B. sensitive C. reserve D. universal

1. A. remark B. postcard C. drunkard D. discard

2. A. decided B. hatred C. sacred D. warned
3. A. home B. tomb C. comb D. done
4. A. houses B. places C. horses D. faces
5. A. advantage B. advertise C. adventure D. addition
6. A. poodle B. snooze C. blood D. smooth
7. A. ghost B. hostage C. lost D. frosty
8. A. breath B. breathe C. thank D. threat
9. A. switch B. match C. catch D. stomach
10.A. closet B. sunset C. visit D. opposite

p n
1. A. remark B. postcard C. drunkard D. discard => C
2. A. decided B. hatred C. sacred D. warned =>D
3. A. home B. tomb C. comb D. done => D
4. A. houses B. places C. horses D. faces =>D
5. A. advantage B. advertise C. adventure D. addition => B
6. A. poodle B. snooze C. blood D. smooth => C
7. A. ghost B. hostage C. lost D. frosty =>A
8. A. breath B. breathe C. thank D. threat =>B
9. A. switch B. match C. catch D. stomach =>D
10.A. closet B. sunset C. visit D. opposite => B

1. A. Hasty B. tasty C.nasty D. Wastage

2. A.massage B. carriage C. voyage D. dosage
3. A. warm B. wash C. wall D. walk
4. A. Seizure B. measure C. confusion D. tension
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

5. A. Weigh B. height C. eight D. vein

6. A.Leaf B. deaf C. of D. wife
7.A. too B. food C. room D. good
8.A. replace B. Purchase C. surface D palace
9. A. creature B. creative C. creamy D. crease
10. A. lazy B. lapel C. label D. labourer

p n
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B
1. A. nature B. natural C. native D. nation
2. A. desire B. resignation C. compromise D. design
3.A. terrace B. territory C. terrific D. terror
4.A. low B. bow C. know D. slow
5. A. leisure B. pressure C. treasure D. pleasure
6. A. myth B. tenth C. both D. with
7. A. laugh B. plough C. enough D. cough
8. A. of B. cafe C. knife D. leaf
9. A. cinder B. ceiling C. cello D. celebrate
10. A. choke B. church C. chirp D. choir

p n
1. A. nature B. natural C. native
D. nation
2. A. desire B. resignation C. compromise D. design
3.A. terrace B. territory C. terrific D. terror
4.A. low B. bowC. know D. slow
5. A. leisure B. pressureC. treasure D. pleasure
6. A. myth B. tenth C. bothD. with
7. A. laugh B. plough C. enough D. cough
8. A. ofB. cafe C. knife D. leaf
9. A. cinder B. ceiling C. cello D. celebrate
10. A. choke B. church C. chirp D. choir
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

1. A. food B. look C. took D. good

2. A luggage B. fragile C. genaral D. bargain
3. A. nourish B. flourish C. courageous D. southern
4. A. naked B. sacred C. needed D. walked
5. walk B. wash C. on D. not
6. A. eight B. freight C. height D. weight
7. A. curriculum B. coincide C. currency D. conception
8. A. divisible B. design C. disease D. excursion
9. A. rather B. sacrifice C. hard D. father
10. A. hair B. stairs C. heir D. aisle

p n
1. A. food B. look C. took D. good
2. A luggage B. fragile C. genaral D. bargain
3. A. nourish B. flourish C. courageous D. southern
4. A. naked B. sacred C. needed D. walked
5. walk B. wash C. on D. not
6. A. eight B. freight C. height D. weight
7. A. curriculum B. coincide C. currency D. conception
8. A. divisible B. design C. disease D. excursion
9. A. rather B. sacrifice C. hard D. father
10. A. hair B. stairs C. heir D. aisle

1. A. lose B. loosen C. louse D. goose

2. A. capable B. canary C. familiar D. asylum
3. A. towards B. wary C. award D. warm
4. A. lumber B. reluctant C. lubricate D. luncheon
5. A. lyrical B. rhythm C. mythology D. lyre
6. A. preferable B. prejudice C. premise D. preconception
7. A. conservation B. consequential C. conscientious D. consideration
8. A. treacherous B. meadow C. meagre D. phreasant
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 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

9. A. naval B. canal C. raseal D. mammal

10.A. paradise B. saturate C. malaria D. standard

p n
1. A. lose B. loosen C. louse D. goose
2. A. capable B. canary C. familiar D. asylum
3. A. towards B. wary C. award D. warm
4. A. lumber B. reluctant C. lubricate D. luncheon
5. A. lyrical B. rhythm C. mythology D. lyre
6. A. preferable B. prejudice C. premise D. preconception
7. A. conservation B. consequential C. conscientious D. consideration
8. A. treacherous B. meadow C. meagre D. phreasant
9. A. naval B. canal C. raseal D. mammal
10.A. paradise B. saturate C. malaria D. standard

1. A bargain B. complain C. ascertain D. campaign

2. A. rather B. sacrifice C. hard D. father
3. A. hair B. stairs C. bear D. aisle
4. A. teach B. cheap c. moustache D. question
5. A. javelin B. jazz C. jasmine D. jacuzzi
6. A. treasure B.treason C. treasury D. treasurer
7. A. morocco B.mortgage C. mortarboard D. mortality
8. A.tremble B. tremendous C. trenchant D. trepidation
9. A.turbulent B. turgid C. turmoil D. turret
10. A. archbishop B. archduke C. archagel D. archenemy

p n
1. A bargain B. complain C. ascertain D. campaign
2. A. rather B. sacrifice C. hard D. father
3. A. hair B. stairs C. bear D. aisle
4. A. teach B. cheap c. moustache D. question
5. A. javelin B. jazz C. jasmine D. jacuzzi
T i l i u s u t m , t n g h p P a g e 17 | 18
 Phonetics v mt s lu v cch pht m

6. A. treasure B.treason C. treasury D. treasurer

7. A. morocco B.mortgage C. mortarboard D. mortality
8. A.tremble B. tremendous C. trenchant D. trepidation
9. A.turbulent B. turgid C. turmoil D. turret
10. A. archbishop B. archduke C. archangel D. archenemy

T i l i u s u t m , t n g h p P a g e 18 | 18