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Balanced Cantilever Bridge - SOFiSTiK TUTORiALS
Balanced Cantilever Bridge - SOFiSTiK TUTORiALS
Balanced Cantilever Bridge - SOFiSTiK TUTORiALS
BALANCEDCANTILEVERBRIDGE
Introduction
Thistutorialdealswithasimple5spanbalancedcantileverbridge.Theanalyticalmodelofthe
bridgeconsistsofbeamelements.
Note:AbasicSOFiSTiKknowledgeisrequiredforthistutorial.Thestandardworkflowis
explainedinsidetheGeneralWorkflowdescription.Insidethistutorialweshowonlythe
projectspecificworkflows,whicharedifferentfromthebasicworkflow.
Objectives
Startinganewproject
DefineMaterials
DefineCrossSections
GenerateSystemandLoadsinsideSOFiPLUS
Linearanalysis
Liveloadanalysis
ConstructionStages
Design
ProjectDescription
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Inorderforyourtofollowtheworkflowmoreeasily,wesplitupthedatafilesaccordingtothe
differentchapters.Thisenablesyoutostartinthemiddleofthetutorialifnecessary.Theidea
ofthistutorialistoguideyouthroughabalancedcantileverbridgeprojectandintroducethe
generalworkflowshowingthenecessaryprogramtoolsandfunctions.Allstepslikemodeling,
loading,trafficloads,combinationsetc.aresimplified.
Note:Ifthereareanyhintsofnewtasksthathavetobemodifiedmanually(newtasks
namedTextEditor(Teddy))youfindfurtherinformationsdirectlyinthosetasks.Please
opendatafilesrelatedtothechapter.
BridgeAxis:
Spans[m] 10 30 60 30 10
BridgeMaterials:
Number Title Strength
1 Concretebridgedeck C40/50
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11 Concretepier C40/50
2 Reinforcementsteel B500
3 Reinforcementsteelstirrups B500
4 Prestressingsteel Y1570C
Crosssections
Number Title Dimensions
1 Column[mm] b/h=6500/3000
Thebridgecrosssectionatstation(10m):
Constructionstages
StageNumber Title
11Selfweight Activatingpiers(group30and40)andgroup1
15Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
17Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
19Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
21Selfweight Activatinggroup2
25Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
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StageNumber Title
27Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
29Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
31Selfweight Activatinggroup3
35Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
37Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
39Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
41Selfweight Activatinggroup4
45Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
47Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
49Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
51Selfweight Activatinggroup5
55Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
57Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
59Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
61Selfweight Activatinggroup6
65Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
67Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
69Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
71Selfweight Activatinggroup7
75Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
77Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
79Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
81Selfweight Activatingpiersgroup8
85Prestressing PrestressingintheStage
87Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
89Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
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StageNumber Title
91Selfweight Activatingpiersgroup9
97Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
99Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads
101Selfweight Activatinggroup15
107Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
111Selfweight Activatinggroup10,20,21
117Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
121Selfweight Activatinggroup22,50,60
125Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
126Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage
130Additionaldeadload Activatingadditionalload
137Creepuntiltinfinite Activatingcreepandshrinkaget=30000days
Designcode
ThistutorialisbasedonEurocodeEN1992.
DownloadProjectFiles
Youwillfindthedatafilesonourftpserver.
Note:YouneedthecurrentSONARloginandpasswordtogetaccesstothefiles.
Startinganewproject
First we create a new SSD project and save it inside a project directory on your local
computer. For further information see chapter Define Bridge Axis in General Workflow
description.
Definingmaterials
Generate all necessary materials listed above. Follow the procedures explained in chapter
MaterialDefinitioninGeneralWorkflowdescription.
DefiningCrossSections
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Inthisprojectwedohaveonlyonestandardcrosssectionforthepier.Pleasegenerateanew
rectangularcrosssectionwiththedimensionsandmaterialpropertieslistedabove.Followthe
proceduresexplainedinchapterinCrossSectionDefinitioninGeneralWorkflowdescription.
The main bridge section will be defined graphically inside SOFiPLUS with the cross section
editor.
Note:Thedeckcrosssectionisvaryinginheightalongthelengthofthebridge.Insteadof
havingtocreatemanycrosssectionswithdifferentheights,avariableisassignedtothe
heightwhichisvariedalongthelengthofthebridge.Thisvariablewillbedefinedwithinthe
bridgeaxisdefinitioninSOFiPLUS.Thereforewerecommendtocreatethebridgeaxiswith
allsettingsfirst.
Prestressingsystems
Please generate a new prestressing system number 1, with a VSL 67 multistrand system,
seepicturebelow.
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SystemGenerationinSOFiPLUS
ThebridgegeometrywillbedefinedusingtheCABDconceptinsideSOFiPLUS.Forthatwe
willworkthroughthefollowingsteps:
Definemainbridgeaxis
Defineplacementsalongthebridgeaxisforsupportsandbetweenallbridgesegments
Definevariables(willbeusedforthemaincrosssection)
GeneratemastercrosssectionwithinCrossSectionEditor
Generatestructurelinesrepresentingthemainbridgeconstruction
UsetheCrossMembersEditortogeneratethesupportconstructioncontainingsprings
andcouplings
Makeafinalcheckofthesystemandalignelementsifnecessary
Thefollowingvideoswillshowthemainstepstogeneratethesystem.
GenerateBridgeAxis
Thefollowingvideowillshowtheaxisgenerationworkflow.
GenerateMasterCrossSection
The following video will show cross section generation workflow within the cross section
editor.
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SystemGeneration
Thefollowingvideowillshowthesystemgenerationworkflow.
TendonGeneration
Thefollowingvideowillshowtendongenerationworkflow.
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Hint:Pleasenotethatintheexamplefile,thetendonsaredefinedviatextinput(for
prestressinginstages).Thevideojustshowstheworkflowhowtogeneratetendons(for
curvatureloading).
LoadsandActions
Before we define any load, we must define all necessary actions within SOFiPLUS. In our
bridgeexampleweneedthefollowingactionsandloadcases:
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AfterdefiningtheloadcaseswegeneratetheloadsinSOFiPLUS.Firstweselectanelement
relatedlineload.Definingtheloadweselectthestructurallinesanddefinealineloadof10
kN/m. In support axis (group 20, 30, 40, 50) we define a settlement WZZ = 10 mm and for
groups(10and60)wedefineWZZ=5mm.Savetheloadswithinloadcases5156.
Warning:LoadcaseswhichwillbeusedlateroninsidetheCSMshouldbesavedwithin
theactioncontainerNONE.Withthisconcepttheloadcaseswillnotbeusedtwiceincase
theuserdefineshisowncombinationrulesusingactionsonly!
For further processing including the necessary temperature combinations please see the
chapterDefineActionsandLoadsinGeneralWorkflowdescription.
LinearAnalysis
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The linear analysis will be processed automatically for all defined loads. Therefore the
selectionmustbedonemanually.PleaseseethechapterLinearAnalysisinGeneralWorkflow
description.
GenerateEnvelopefromTrafficLoads
As already explained in the general workflow it is necessary to run at least one linear load
casebeforeevaluatingthetrafficloadswiththeinfluencelinemethod.Werecommendtodo
thisanalysisbeforetheconstructionstageanalysistousethefulldeveloppedstiffnesmatrix
fromthecompletebridge.
For a general description of the input workflow please see also the chapter TrafficLoads in
GeneralWorkflowdescription.Forourlittleexamplewehaveabridgewithalanewidthof3.0
m.Firstyouselectanexistingbridgeaxisanddefinethewidthofthetrafficlaneandbridge.
Theprogramwillautomaticallygenerateallpossiblelanes.
Nextyoudefinetheloadtrainsandthedesiredresults.Inourcaseweareinterestedonlyin
thebeamresultsforfurtherdesignofthecrosssections.
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Fortheresultsitisnecessarytodefinedifferentloadgroupsandevaluationcases.Usuallyit
is convenient to separate the results for tandem axes and udl loads. The evaluation results
willbesavedagaininpredefinedactioncontainer.
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The loads on the footway will be defined as an extra evaluation case inside the UDL load
group.InthatcaseweneedspecialcombinationsfromUDLandFootwayloads.Simplyuse
thecombinationbuttoninsidethedialogueandgeneratethecombinations.Aftertheinputis
correctandfinishedyoumayclosethedialogueandprocessimmediatelytheanalysis.Again
werecommendtoaddataskInteractiveGraphictodisplaytheimportantresults.
DefineConstructionStages
For post tensioned concrete bridge we need the construction stages for the evaluation of
differentcrosssectionpropertiesbasedontheopenandfilledductsforthetendonsaswellas
forcreepandshrinkageanalysis.InserttheSSDtasksCSMandfillinthestagesasdefined
intableConstructionStagesabove.
ForourexamplethefollowinginputmustbedoneinsidethetaskCSMConstructionStage
Manager.
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ForfurtherexplanationspleaseseealsothechapterConstructionStagesinGeneralWorkflow
descriptionandourCSM_1.pdfmanual.
Combinations
Please follow the explanations of chapter Combinations and Superpositioning from the
GeneralWorkflowdescription.
Design
Please follow the explanations of chapter Design Checks from the General Workflow
description.Formoredetailsseethetutorialfilethatisavailableonourftpserver(seeabove
>>>DownloadProjectFiles).
Documentation
For the final documentation, you can collect all single reports and generate a complete
document. Please follow the explanations of chapter Generate Report from the General
Workflowdescription.
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