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Solution
Opportunity costs
1. The opportunity cost to Bajaj of producing the 2,000 units of Orangebo is the contribution margin lost on the
2,000 units of Rosebo that would have to be forgone, as computed below:
Selling price Rs 200
Direct materials Rs 20
Direct manufacturing labor 30
Variable manufacturing overhead 20
Variable marketing costs 40 110
Contribution margin per unit Rs 90
Contribution margin for 2,000 units Rs 1,80,000

The opportunity cost is Rs 1,80,000. Opportunity cost is the maximum contribution to operating income that
is forgone (rejected) by not using a limited resource in its next-best alternative use.

2. Contribution margin from manufacturing 2,000 units of Orangebo and purchasing 2,000 units of Rosebo from
Reliable is Rs 1,60,000, as follows:
Manufacture Orangebo Purchase Rosebo Total
Selling price Rs 150 Rs 200
Variable costs per unit:
Purchase costs -- 140
Direct materials 20
Direct manufacturing labor 30
Variable manufacturing costs 20
Variable marketing overhead 20 40
Variable costs per unit 90 180
Contribution margin per unit Rs 60 Rs 20

Total Contribution Margin Rs. 1,20,000 Rs. 40,000 Rs. 1,60,000

As calculated in requirement 1, Bajaj's contribution margin from continuing to manufacture 2,000 units of
Rosebo is Rs 1,80,000. Accepting the Royal Company and Reliable offer will cost Bajaj Rs 20,000 (Rs 1,60,000
Rs 1,80,000). Hence, Bajaj should refuse the Royal Company and Reliable Corporation's offers.

3. The minimum price would be Rs 90, the sum of the incremental costs as computed in requirement 2. This
follows because, if Bajaj has surplus capacity, the opportunity cost = Rs 0. For the short-run decision of whether to
accept Orangebo's offer, fixed costs of Bajaj are irrelevant. Only the incremental costs need to be covered for it to
be worthwhile for Bajaj to accept the Orangebo offer.