FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AND SELECTION OF HT/LT CABLES

1) TRANSFORMER

A. FAULT MVA = 750 MVA

(33 KV SIDE AS ASSUMED)

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT = FAULT MVA x 2000

3 x KV at FAULT POINT

= 750 x 3500
1.732 x 33
= 45.93 KA

i) SELECTION OF HT CABLE BASED ON FULL LOAD CURRENT

A. FOR INCOMING CABLE

TRANSFORMER = 3 x 3500 KVA
CURRENT RATING = 10500 x 1000
3 x 33000
= 183.71Amps

DERATING FACTORS

I. RATING FACTOR FOR VARIATION IN GROUND

TEMPERATURE @ 45 DEG. C = 0.87

II. RATING FACTOR FOR GROUPING OF

MULTICORE CABLES LAID DIRECT IN GROUND,
IN HORIZONTAL FORMATION SPACING 15 CM,
NO. OF CABLES(MAX) - 3 NOS = 0.72

III. RATING FACTOR FOR DEPTH OF LAYING OF

CABLES LAID DIRECT IN THE GROUND, DEPTH
OF LAYING = 90 CM
RATING FACTOR = 1.00
OVERALL DERATING = 0.87 x 0.72 x 1.0
= 0.63
SO, CURRENT RATING AFTER DERATING = 183.71Amps
0.63
= 292 Amps

HENCE 3Cx300 SQ.MM 33 KV, XLPE (AL) CABLE IS ADEQUATE.

B. FOR OUTGOING CABLES

CURRENT RATING = 35 Amps

DERATING FACTORS = 0.63

CURRENT RATING AFTER DERATING = 35 Amps

0.63

= 55.56 Amps

SO, 3C x 25 SQ.MM WILL BE ADEQUATE

SELECTION OF HT CABLE BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

FULL LOAD CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE PRIOR

TO SHORT CIRCUIT = 90 DEG. C

MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR

TEMPERATURE = 250 DEG. C

BY USING FORMULA ISH = KxA

T

ISH : SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN KA (r.m.s.)

T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN

SECONDS= 1 Sec

A : AREA OF ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR IN MM

K : IS A CONSTANT = 0.094

A = ISH x T 45.92 x 1
=
K 0.094

= 488.58 SQ. MM

HENCE 3C x 300 SQ. MM XLPE (AL) CABLE IS REQUIRED.

2) EARTHING CALCULATION

A. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 65 KA FAULT CURRENT

HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER
S = Ixt
K

= 65 x 1000 x 1
205

= 317.07 SQ. MM
HENCE, 50 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE

B. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 50 KA FAULT CURRENT

HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER

S = Ixt
K

= 50 x 1000 x 1
205

= 243.90 SQ. MM

HENCE, 40 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE

C. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 38 KA FAULT CURRENT

HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER

S = Ixt
K

= 38 x 1000 x 1
205

= 185.37 SQ. MM

HENCE, 32 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE

D. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 35 KA FAULT CURRENT

HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER

S = Ixt
K

= 35 x 1000 x 1
205

= 170.73 SQ. MM
HENCE, 32 x 6 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE
E. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 25 KA FAULT CURRENT

HERE t : 1 SECONDS
K : 205 FOR COPPER

S = Ixt
K

= 25 x 1000 x 1
205

= 121.95 SQ. MM

HENCE, 25 x 6.35 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE

F. SIZE OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS UPTO 15 KA FAULT CURRENT

S = Ixt
K

= 15 x 1000 x 1
205

= 73.17 SQ. MM

HENCE, 25 x 3 MM COPPER STRIP IS ADEQUATE

3) FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AT LV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER

33 / 0.433 KV TRANSFORMER CAPACITY = 2,000 KVA

% OF IMPEDENCE OF TRANSFORMER = 6.25 AND 10% NEGATIVE

TOLERANCE AS PER
IS : 2026 (PART I)

= 5.625

FAULT KVA ON 0.433 KV SIDE = BASE KVA x 100

% IMPEDENCE

= 2000 x 100
5.625

= 35,556 KVA

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT = FAULT KVA

3 x KV AT FAULT POINT

= 35,556 KVA
1.732 x 0.433

= 47.41 KA

SAY = 50 KA
4) SELECTION OF LT XLPE CABLE BASED ON SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

FULL LOAD CONDUCTOR TEMP.

PRIOR TO SHORT CIRCUIT = 90 DEG. C

MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR

TEMPERATURE = 250 DEG. C

BY USING FORMULA
ISH = KxA
T

ISH : SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN Ka (r.m.s.)

T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT IN SECONDS = 1 SEC

A : AREA OF ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR IN MM

K : IS A CONSTANT = 0.094

A = ISH x T 61.35 x 1
K 0.094

= 652.66 SQ. MM

WHEN
T : DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT IN SECONDS = 0.25 SEC

A = 61.35 x 0.25
0.094

= 326.33 SQ. MM

HENCE 400 SQ MM XLPE AL CABLE IS REQUIRED.

5) FAULT LEVEL CALCULATION AT LV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER
 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)

Runs
= 3x1337.34x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 5
= 0.77volt
% Voltage Drop = 0.19% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 4 Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

Fault Level Calculation

Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM

Route Length = 95.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%

For fault at -------- panel % reactance of the circuit

= % Reactance of circuit up to --------- Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to ---------- panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at -------- panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to ------- Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to ---------- panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
 = 2000 x 100
14.49

= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps

Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA

2) CABLE CALCULATION FOR

a. Connected Load = 937.00KW

b. Diversity = 80%

c. Demand Load = 749.60KW

d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 187.40KW

e. Total = 937.00KW

f. Current Rating = KW x 1000

1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 1,629.50Amps

Derating Factor :-

i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00

ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69

Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 1,629.50Amps
0.69
= 2,361.59Amps
Current rating for 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 455Amp in air

Hence selected cable is 5 nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)

Runs
 = 3x1629.50x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 5
= 6.81volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.64% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 4 Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

Fault Level Calculation

Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM

Route Length = 95.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%

For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit

= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
14.49

= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps

Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA

1) CABLE CALCULATION FOR MCC-1

a. Connected Load = 374.79KW

b. Diversity = 80%

c. Demand Load = 299.83KW

d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 74.96KW

e. Total = 374.79KW

f. Current Rating = KW x 1000

1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 651.78Amps

Derating Factor :-

i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00

ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69

Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 651.78Amps
0.69
= 944.61Amps
Current rating for 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 530Amp in air

Hence selected cable is 2 nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)

Runs
= 3x651.76x95x (0.101x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 2
= 6.81volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.64% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 2Nos.of 4cx400 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

Fault Level Calculation

Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 400 SQ.MM

Route Length = 95.00 mtr
 Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.007
Resistance of cable = 0.101 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 400 sqmm cable = 0.010
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.001
(0.415) x 10
= 11.14%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 5.80%

For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit

= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+5.8)% = 8.73%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (8.727)+ (11.56)
= 14.49%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
14.49

= 13,812.15KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13812.15
1.732 x 0.415
= 19,216.11Amps

Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 20 KA

2) CABLE CALCULATION FOR MCC-2

a. Connected Load = 325.56KW

b. Diversity = 80%

c. Demand Load = 260.45KW

d. Add for Spare @ 25% = 65.11KW

e. Total = 325.56KW

f. Current Rating = KW x 1000

1.732 x voltage x p.f.
Current Rating = 566.17Amps

Derating Factor :-

i) De-rating due to ambient temperature at 40c = 1.00

ii) De-rating due to laying in open duct in two tire = 0.69

Overall Derating = 0.69 x 1.00
= 0.69
Current rating after Derating = 566.17Amps
0.69
= 820.53Amps
Current rating for 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is 455Amp in air

Hence selected cable is 2 nos.of 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

Voltage Drop Calculation = 3 x I x L x (RCOS)+(XSINE)

Runs
= 3x566.17x92x (0.129x0.8) + (0.077x0.6)
1000 x 2
= 6.74volt
% Voltage Drop = 1.62% (Accepted)
Hence now selected cable is 2Nos.of 4cx300 sqmm AL armoured XLPE cable is selected.

Fault Level Calculation

Cable Size Selected = 4 C x 300 SQ.MM

Route Length = 92.00 mtr
Reactance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.077 /Km
Total Reactance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.007
 Resistance of cable = 0.129 /Km
Total Resistance of 4 c x 300 sqmm cable = 0.012
% Reactance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.007
(0.415) x 10
= 8.13%
% Reactance of two no. cables = 4.64%
% Resistance of one no. cable = 2000 x0.012
(0.415) x 10
= 13.78%
% Resistance of two no. cables = 6.97%

For fault at MCC-1 panel % reactance of the circuit

= % Reactance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Reactance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (6.922+4.64)% = 11.56%
For fault at MCC-1 panel % resistance of the circuit
= % Resistance of circuit up to PCC-1 Panel + % Resistance of circuit up to MCC-1 panel
= (2.927+6.97)% = 9.90%
% Impedence of Cable = R + X
___________
= (9.90)+ (11.56)
= 15.22%
Fault KVA for each DG = Base KVA x 100
% Impedance
= 2000 x 100
15.22

= 13,141.11KVA
Short Circuit Current = Fault KVA
3 x KV at Fault Point
= 13141.11
1.732 x 0.415
= 18,282.53Amps

Say fault level at MCC-1 panel Panel IN Biscuits Division is 19 KA