CU HI N TP MN HC: AMVL XD TRONG CTB - LP 59 CB1

1. Hin tng n mn, phn vng mi trng bin ca hin tng n mn

2. Cc qu trnh n mn b tng, b tng ct thp do tc ng xm thc ca mi
trng.
3. Nguyn nhn gy n mn BT, BTCT do cng tc thit k, thi cng, qun l s
dng cng trnh.
4. Cc yu cu v thit k BT, BTCT chng n mn trong mi trng bin.
5. Cc yu cu v vt liu ch to BT, BTCT chng n mn trong mi trng bin.
6. Cc yu cu v bo qun, lp dng ct thp v vn khun ch to BT, BTCT
chng n mn trong mi trng bin.
7. Cc yu cu v thi cng BT, BTCT chng n mn trong mi trng bin.
8. Chng n mn cho vt liu kim loi trong MTB bng bin php sn ph, nu cc
cch phn loi sn ph.
9. Quy trnh thi cng chng n mn bng sn ph vi vt liu kim loi
1, Hin tng n mn, phn vng mi trng bin ca hin tng n mn

* n mn l hin tng vt liu b ph hy do tip xc b mt vi mi trng ngoi.

* Da vo hin tng n mn, mi trng bin c th phn thnh 4 vng :

- (1) Vng ngp nc hon ton : c tc ng n mn i vi kt cu b tng, b

tng ct thp v thp vi mc mnh. Do vt liu b tc ng trc tip bi cc yu t
mi trng ( mn, tnh xm thc, nng pH cao )
- (2) Vng nc ln xung bao gm c vng sng nh : c tc ng n mn rt
mnh ln kt cu. Tnh xm thc ca vng ny l s tng hp ca 2 vng kh quyn v
ngp nc hon ton, ngoi ra cn c tng cng bi cc yu t :
+ Qu trnh kh t ca kt cu xy ra thng xuyn v lin tc
+ B mt kt cu chu tc ng ca c 4 qu trnh : n mn ha hc, n mn
in ha, n mn sinh hc v n mn c hc.
- (3) Vng kh quyn trn bin. Ti vng ny cha nng cao cc cht xm thc
cng cc iu kin kh t thay i theo thi gian, ma v gi ma :
+ Vng kh quyn ven bin st mp nc : mc n mn mnh.
+ Vng t v kh quyn gn b: mc n mn trung bnh.
- (4) Vng nc ngm b bin.
2, Cc qu trnh n mn b tng, b tng ct thp do tc ng xm thc ca
mi trng.

* Cc qu trnh n mn b tng, b tng ct thp do tc ng xm thc ca mi trng:

-
- Qu trnh thm Cl hoc tip xc trc tip gia vt liu v mi trng gy n mn.
- Qu trnh thm SO42- vo b tng v xy ra tng tc gia cc sn phm thy ha ca
xi mng to ra khong gy n th tch ( n mn sunfat ).
- Qu trnh cacbornat ha : lm gim pH ca b tng theo thi gian v ph v mng
th ng bo v ct thp.
- Qu trnh khuch tn Oxi, hi m, Clo vo vt liu trong mi trng nhit cao, lm
tng tc qu trnh n mn.

3, Nguyn nhn gy n mn BT, BTCT do cng tc thit k, thi cng, qun l

s dng cng trnh.

* Cc nguyn nhn gy n mn b tng, b tng ct thp do cng tc thit k, thi cng,

qun l s dng cng trnh :
- Thit k :
+ Cha chn c vt liu m bo kh nng chng n mn v m bo v bn
lu di cho cng trnh trong mi trng bin.
+ Kin trc, mt ngoi cng trnh cha thit k c hnh thi ph hp vi iu
kin tc ng ca mi trng.
- Thi cng :
+ Cht lng thi cng xy dng cng trnh cha cao, nhiu cng on thc hin
th cng, khng m bo c cht lng xy lp.
+ Cng tc gim st thi cng, qun l cht lng v nghim thu cng trnh cha
c duy tr cht ch.
- Qun l s dng:
+ Cha c cc quy nh php l v kim tra nh k cng trnh nhm pht hin cc
h hng ra phng n duy tu, sa cha kp thi.
+ Cha p dng cc bin php, cng ngh bo tr, khc phc h hng cc b vi
cc cng trnh x dng.
4, Cc yu cu v thit k BT, BTCT chng n mn trong mi trng bin.

* Cc yu cu v thit k b tng, b tng ct thp chng n mn trong mi trng bin:

- Yu cu v Mc b tng:
+ Yu cu ti thiu v Mc b tng v chng thm ca b tng c suy nh:
Vng nc ngp hon ton: Mc b tng ti thiu l 30MPa
Vng nc ln xung: Mc b tng ti thiu l 40MPa
Vng trn mt nc: Mc b tng ti thiu l 25MPa
- Yu cu v chiu dy lp bo v :
Vng ngp nc : chiu dy ti thiu l 50mm
Vng nc ln xung : chiu dy ti thiu l 70mm
Vng trn mt nc : chiu dy ti thiu l 60mm
Vi kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp thi cng bng phng php
b tng di nc th phi tng thm 20mm chiu dy lp bo v so vi
yu cu ti thiu, mi ni hn p cc ng cn c bo v bi t nht 3
lp bitum nng
Vi cc kt cu kh ch to c lp bo v theo yu cu th c th s
dng lp bo v nh, kt hp vi cc bin php bo v h tr:
o Bo v thm mt ngoi bng lp b tng phun kh kt hp
lp va trt chng thm ( b tng phun kh cng Mc vi b
tng trong kt cu ).
o Bo v thm ct thp bng 1 lp sn ph chng n mn s
dng cht c ch n mn kt hp sn chng thm mt ngoi
kt cu.
o Trong mi trng hp, lp bo v b tng khng nh hn
30mm
- Yu cu v b rng vt nt gii hn:
Vi kt cu ngp nc: b rng vt nt gii hn l 0,1mm
Kt cu trong nh, trong vng kh quyn : b rng vt nt gii hn l
0,15mm
Vi kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp thi cng bng phng php
b tng di nc th phi tng thm 20mm
- Vi cc kt cu trong vng ngp nc hoc nc ln xung c tui th trn 50 nm, s
dng cc gii php:
+ Tng Mc b tng.
+ Tng lp chng thm ln 1 cp.
+ Tng chiu dy lp bo v thm20mm.
+ Tng cng mt ngoi bng lp b tng phun kh ( Mc tng ng b tng
trong kt cu ) vi chiu dy ti thiu l 30mm.

5, Cc yu cu v vt liu ch to BT, BTCT chng n mn trong mi trng

bin.

* Cc yu cu v vt liu ch to b tng, b tng ct thp chng n mn trong mi

trng bin:
- Vt liu ch to b tng phi m bo cc yu cu k thut v mc b tng theo cng
( chu nn v chng thm ), ngoi ra cn cn m bo cc yu cu:
+ Hm lng xi mng ti thiu trn 1 khi b tng vng ngp nc v kh quyn
l 350kg/m3 ; vng nc ln xung l 400kg/m3; ti a l 500kg/m3 .
-
- Hn hp b tng c st thp, nh hn 8cm ( hn ch s xm nhp ca Cl v
SO42- ), trong trng hp phi dung b tng c st cao thc hin cng ngh thi cng
c bit ( chng hn nh bm b tng vo cc nhi ) th phi kt hp vi ph gia do
hoc siu do.
- i vi kt cu b tng nm trong vng ngp nc c tui th trn 50 nm th phi s
ng xi mng Pooclang thng kt hp vi ph gia khong hot tnh cao.
a). Yu cu v xi mng:
+ S dng xi mng Pooclang thng hoc xi mng Pooclang hn hp i
vi kt cu nm trong vng kh quyn.
+ Trong mi trng c mc nc thay i phi dung Xi mng bn sunfat
vi hm lng Clanke < 10%
b). Yu cu v ct:
+ Yu cu phi c m un ln ln hn 2
+ Khng gy phn ng kim silic
-
+ Lng icon Cl ha tan < 0,05% khi lng i vi b tng ct thp
thng v < 0,01% i vi b tng ct thp ng sut trc.
 c). Yu cu v , si :
+ ng knh ht ln nht < 40mm i vi b tng c lp bo v > 40mm
+ ng knh ht ln nht < 20mm i vi b tng c lp bo v < 40mm
+ Khng gy phn ng kim silic
-
+ Lng Cl ha tan < 0,01% khi lng ct liu ln.
d). Nc trn b tng:
+ C pH t 6,5 12,5
-
+ Hm lng Cl 500mg/l i vi b tng thng v 350mg/l i vi
b tng ct thp ng sut trc.
+ Hm lng SO3 khng vt qu 1000mg/l.
+ Tng lng mui ha tan < 2000mg/l.
e). Yu cu v ct thp:
+ S dng cc loi ct thp thng hoc cp ng lc trc theo TCVN
hoc u tin ct thp hp kim c kh nng chng n mn
f). Yu cu v ph gia:
+ Ty tng trng hp c th m s dng loi ph gia ph hp v :
o Liu lng
o Quy trnh s dng ph gia
+ Vi ph gia ha do hoc siu do khi cn tng st, gim t l nc/xi
mng tng cng hoc chng thm.
+ S dng ph gia khong hot tnh cao gip tng kh nng chng thm v
-
gim lng Cl thm vo b tng.
+ S dng ph gia c ch s n mn Ca(NO 2)2 hoc cc loi ct tng
ng khi cn hn ch n mn ct thp.

6, Cc yu cu v bo qun, lp dng ct thp v vn khun ch to b tng,

BTCT chng n mn trong MTB?

* Cc yu cu v bo qun, lp dng ct thp v vn khun ch to b tng, BTCT chng n

mn trong MTB :
- Phi m bo ct thp trong kho kn c mi che, khng b t v tc dng ca gi
bin
 - Lp dng ct thp ngoi hin trng nhanh, thi gian lp dng ct thp n lc
b tng khng qu 24h vi ct thp nm t mp ra bin v khng qu 48h vi
ct thp nm trong vng 1km tnh t mp nc vo b.
- i vi cc kt cu khi ln cn phn ra cc phn nh lp ghp, n u BT
n nu thi gian lp dng ct thp ko di hoc trong lc dng ct thp b
ma th cn lm sch g trc khi BT.
- Chiu dy lp bo v BT c ch to bng cc con k, cc con k ny c ch
to bng BT ht nh c mc v chng thm tng ng vi BT chnh, kch
thc con k 40x40 hoc 50x50 chiu dy = lp bo v 5 mm.
- Vi kt cu BT ct hoc dm, con k dc t ti nt thp di v thp ch v t
ln thp ai.
- Vi kt cu sn v tng ( tng BTCT ) con k t mi ni ngang ca ct thp
ta vo mt ngoi ca ct thp gn vi vn khun.
- Trc khi b tng cn lm m cc con k.
- Vn khun c lp dng chc chn khng b sp hoc bin dng ca qu
trnh thi cng hoc di tc dng ca ti trng.
- Trong trng hp s dng bu long xuyn qua kt cu gng vn th bulong
phi c t trong ng nha rt ra khi kt cu sau khi BT.

7, Cc yu cu v thi cng BT, BTCT chng n mn trong MTB?

* Cc yu cu v thi cng BT, BTCT chng n mn trong MTB :

- Xi mng, ct, cn c phn loi v bo qun trnh tc ng trc tip ca nc
bin trong trng hp ct liu c vn chuyn t ng bin lu bi lu trn b th
trc khi BT cn kim tra v khng ch .
- Thi cng BT yu cu thc hin cc cng tc sn xut BT dng cho cc cng trnh ven
bin v CTB c quy nh nh sau:
+ BT c sn xut v thi cng bng phng php c gii hon ton yu cu BT
ti trm phi c st ph hp v cng ti thiu khng nh hn 1,15 ln gi tr mc
BT yu cu.
+ BT sn xut v thi cng kt hp gia c gii v th cng phi c st ph
hp v cng ti thiu khng nh hn 1,25 ln gi tr mc BT yu cu.
+ trong phng n thi cng phi tnh ti cc s c : mt in, ma, nng nng,
hoc trc trc thit b c phng php che chn m bo cht lng cho BT.
+ BT c coi t yu cu chng n mn khi cc ch tiu x nh trn cc mu
c ti hin trng v chiu dy lp BT bo v thc t tha mn cc yu cu.
- Mch ngng: v tr t mch ngng BT p dng theo tiu chun BT m bo kn
kht BT ti mch ngng cn tin hnh cc cng tc sau:
+ nh xm v ra sch b mt.
+ 1 lp va xi mng ct c t l nh phn va ca BT dy khong 20-30 mm,
sau m k mi tip lp mi ln trn.
- i vi mch ngng v khe co dn chn nc th dng bng cch nc lm = cc vt liu
khng thm nc.
 - i vi kt cu BTCT c thi cng ti ch cho nc ln xung phi c che ph
cho kt cu khng ngm trong nc bin trong 3 ngy u, trong trng hp khng thc
hin c cn tnh ton thi gian b tng sao cho kt thc BT ti thiu 6 ting
trc khi thy triu ln ngp hon ton kt cu.
- Bo dng BT phi thc hin theo tiu chun dng nc bin v nc l bo dng
( TCVN 8828 : 2011 yu cu bo dng t nhin cho BTCT, TCVN 4453:1995 kt cu
BTCT quy phm thi cng v nghim thu).

8, Chng n mn cho vt liu kim loi trong MTB bng phng php sn
ph? Nu cc cch phn loi sn ph?

* Chng n mn cho vt liu kim loi trong MTB bng phng php sn ph :
- l phng php cch ly kim loi ra khi mi trng hay cn gi l phng php bo v
b mt bng cch dng cht bn vng vi mi trng ph b mt vt liu xy dng
- Cht bn vng s dng y l sn 1 dng huyn ph ca bt mu khi ph ln nn KL
to thnh 1 lp mng v l lp ph khng trong sut; sn l t hp gia cht lng cha
bt mu v cht n nm trong dung dch, ng thi cn l 1 h phn tn nhiu thnh
phn trong 1 mi trng phn tn, sau khi ph ln b mt vt liu s to thnh lp mng
u n rn chc bo v b mt.
* Phn loi sn:
- cn c vo bn cht ca cht to mng:
+ sn du thun ty: thnh phn cht to mng ch dng du tho mc ( loi ny
t dng do khng bn)
+ sn du ngun gc t nha: thnh phn cht to mng, to mu bao gm tho
mc v nha ( ngun gc t nhin v nhn to) loi ny dng ph bin trong i sng, t
dng trong k thut- xy dng do tnh bn nhit v kh nng chng n mn km.
+ sn tng hp: cht to mng t nha tng hp v gi tn, cn c theo tn loi
nha,
- Cn c vo bn cht ca mi trng phn tn:
+ mi trng phn tn l dung mi hu c th s dng sn dung mi, nu mi
trng phn tn l nc th s dng sn nc, nu khng c mi trng phn tn th s
dng sn bt.
- Cn c vo mc ch s dng ng dng:
+ ty thuc vo loi vt liu nn m ta gi tn sn.
+ cn c vo mc ch s dng v kh nng lm vic ca cc loi sn : bn nhit,
cch nhit, bn ha cht.
- Cn c theo phng php sn:
+ qut hoc phun
 + PP sn tnh in
+ PP trng hoc m kim loi.

9, Quy trnh thi cng chng n mn bng sn ph vi vt liu kim loi ?

* Quy trnh thi cng chng n mn bng sn ph vi vt liu kim loi :

- Thit k sn ph:
+ p dng tiu chun
+ Lp s sn
- X l b mt trc khi sn:
+ nh gi b mt KL
+ La chn bin php x l b mt ph hp vi yu cu.
- Thi cng sn ph : theo S sn lp trc v phi c thc hin y
cc quy trnh c quy nh.
- Kim tra cht lng cng tc chng n mn : kim tra li s lng cu kin sn,
cht lng lp sn v nh gi kh nng bo v ca n trong qu trnh s dng,
- Bo dng v sa cha sn ph : c thc hin theo yu cu Quy phm thit k
i vi tng vng bin v tng loi cng trnh.