ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY SKILLS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS OF NAUJAN ACADEMY

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

People say Education is a greatest treasure that can achieve. Education is all

around us. Education is everywhere. It is not just about the lesson that can get in schools

and textbooks; its also about the lessons of life. It gives us knowledge and changes

into something better. It builds the character of a person. Excellent education leads to

the success of life.

The learners cannot learn simply by being told what to do or by watching others,

they have to practice and practice frequently. Successful students employ time

management systems to create study patterns that work and use active learning

methods to add meaning and interest to their study time and maintaining their motivation

by connecting reasons for study to their life goals and values. Learners must develop

and established good study habits in doing school work, which can raised their

academic performance.

It is a common knowledge that many students fail in studying; even those who

work hard often study in ways considered unproductive. Several others are just

contented with barely passing grades, never developing their skills and abilities to the

highest level attainable. What to study, where to study and how to study are

indispensable to every student in class. In fact, proper study habits are the tool for

acquiring deeper understanding in different subjects.

 It takes a good study skills, patience and persistence to attain good grades.

Learning is never easy. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge,

behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of

information and a continuous process.

Today, a lot of students dropping and failing their subjects. These may be

occurring due of lack of study skills. Study skills play a major role to get and maintain a

high grades. Moreover, it is a key to cope up easily with the discussions, sharpens your

mind and improve your time management. There are many factors which may affect

study skills. Study skills can be affected by the environment in which the student studies.

The amount of time used for studying is another affecting factor. Good study skills

minimize failure and enable students to take advantage of learning opportunities.

The researcher believes to achieve a good study skills, one must have a desire

to learn and to improve. Motivation and persistence is very essential in learning because

the researchers know that learning is a continuous process.

Background of the Study

Through the mission and vision of Naujan Academy, the researchers aims to

helps the students for enable to explore topics in a deeper and more expansive way,

incorporating creative and expressive modes into their learning, and developing deeper

insights into the complex connections between the subjects they are studying and as a

result. Students have a vital personal model for intellectual inquiry and growth and the

faculty enjoys a continuously challenging and changing teaching environment, and the

rewards of playing a primary role in student development.

 This study aims to assess levels of the study skills of Senior High School students

of Naujan Academy.

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework that used in the study is the Input-Process-Output

Model. In the IPO model, a process is viewed as a series of boxes (processing

elements) connected by inputs and outputs. Information or material objects flow through

a series of task or activities based on a set of rules or description points. Flow charts

and process diagrams are often used to represent the process. What goes in is the

input; what causes the change is the process; what comes out is the output. Figure 1

illustrates the basic IPO model:

Input Process Output

Figure 1. Input-Process-Output Model

The components of the IPO model are defined as:

Input - The information, ideas, and resources used

Process - Actions taken upon/using input or stored material

Output - Results of the processing that then exit the system

Conceptual Framework
 The conceptual framework is a set of coherent ideas or concepts organized in a

manner that makes it easy for them to communicate with each other. It uses an IPO

model that shows how the data is bringing together in order to be processed and provide

a certain output. The IPO includes requirements that are needed for the study.

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

Figure 1 shown for the input, the researchers sought for the profiles of the

students: gender, and year level. It also includes the level of study skills of the students

in terms of Concentration, Time management, Note taking, Test preparation and

Reading. The process included the collection of data through used of survey

questionnaires, analysis and interpreting of data. The output of the study is to assess

the current level of study skills of the students. Improvement of study skills and excellent

grades can be achieve as Feedback.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought assessed the levels study skills of Senior High School students

in Naujan Academy

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions.

1. What are the profiles of the respondents in terms of the following demographic:

1.1 gender

1.2 year level

2. What is the level of study skills of the students according to the following:

2.1 concentration

2.2 time management

2.3 note taking

2.4 test preparation

2.5 reading

3. Is there a significant relationship between the levels of study skills of the

respondents to their demographic profile?

Hypothesis

1. There is no significant relationship between the levels of study skills of the

respondent to their demographic profile.

Scope and Limitations

The study seeks to determine the factors that affect the study skills among Senior

High School students The researcher will give a self-evaluation questionnaire that is
required to answer by Senior High School students of Naujan Academy regarding with

their study skills in terms of: Concentration, Time management, Note taking, and Test

preparation. The study is largely dependent on the honesty, sincerity, and integrity of

the respondents.

Significance of the Study

The researchers believe that following will be benefited from the findings of this

study.

Naujan Academy. The study may also be guided in the formulation of future

modification of educational policies, curriculum and strategies toward a more effective

delivery of learning.

Teacher. The study will also be help in understanding better the diversity of

learning of their students. As such, it is hoped that they could develop more effective

methodologies in teaching their subject matter.

Students. The study will benefits students most specially the Institute of

Technology will be given information on how study skills affect their academic

performance. The result of the study will make them aware of the common study skills

among their co- education students.

Parents/Guardian. The study will help the parents in encouraging their children

in achieving academic performance in school or increase their study skills.

Future Researcher. The study may be able to use the result of the study in farther

research similar to what the study is.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of definiteness and in order to avoid confusion and ambiguity, the

following terms were defined conceptually and operationally.

Conceptually

Factors. It is one that actively contributes to an accomplishments, results or

process.

Integrity. It is basing of one's actions on an internally consistent framework of

principles.

Knowledge. It is the state of being aware of something

Motivation. It is the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented

behaviors.

Study skills. It is the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining

information, or dealing with assessments manner in which you consistently use to

study for school or college or even for the next day lesson.

Synthesize. It is to combine so as to form a new, complex product.

Operationally

Factors. These refer to anything that affects study habits.

Integrity. It refers to states of being whole.

Knowledge. It refers to the capacity of the students.

Motivation. It refers to the drive that gives the student to perform better and further

improve their productivity.

Study skills. It refers to the strategies in studying on a particular subject.

Synthesize. It refers to summarizing information.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The purpose of the review of related literature and studies is to give several ideas

on how the researchers formulate the proposed study.

Foreign Literature

In conformity with Mcknight (2006) he explained that habits are formed through

repetition. Once formed, habits are difficult to break. And it is formed when we are young

and are likely to stay with us in all our lives. It requires experiences whether they may

bad or may be good. Sometimes, it may refer also as a routine of a person as he or she

lives his or her life. Habits are being chosen and not hut something that happens without

a reason. As for the study habit specifically, it has to be processed and developed in

order to come up with a good one. It is not easy for students especially those who are

not consistent with what they are doing to develop their study habit because it requires

consistency and persistence in order to let ones study habit stay in our lives. Attaining

ones ideal study habit is a long-way process..

Mark Crilly (2000) said that Successful students are able to balance social

activities with good study habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help

prevent from becoming fatigued. He said that a student should make sure that he must

take a break for an hour after studies to meet with friends, to play some cards, work out

at the gym, or to gab with anew acquaintance. For this way, that student will find

concentration when he do study, if he plans a social activity afterwards. He said, To

develop a healthy social life, develop routine study habits. After supper, lug your books
and homework to the library, find a comfortable and quiet niche, and study for two or

three hours, taking intermittent 10 minute breaks every 45 minutes or so. Making

friends with whom you share similar study habits, and share a table or a study space

with them would be a best way in developing study habits as what Mark said.

Frank Pogue (2000) did a research project to determine why students fail. What

he founds to be true in that study habits survey was that more than 30 years ago still

rings true today-students fail because they do not know how to study. The best advice

he can give is to develop sound study skills. He said that a student should make sure

that he/she has a good study environment, a good desk, a sturdy chair, good light,

comfortable room temperature and a quiet atmosphere. That means he/she should

eliminate all external and internal distractions. Second, get a good overview of the

assignment before starting the work. Know what skills, facts and ideas that are expected

to master and the ground that are expected to cover. Start with most difficult subjects

first, while the mind is freshest and most receptive.

In terms of age, Andrew (2006) stated that the older the respondent, the better

grade he gains, expecting that results of this study will yield more older respondents

with better performance. Older existence means better experience. Experience

enhances the way of thinking and gains a sharper view for studying. Age surely doesnt

matter but when it comes to thinking, it does. Critical thinking and understanding are

developed through time and studying

From a reliable source (Abderisak, 2007), students cannot study properly without

considering the time as the main factor of study habit. It is most certainly a study

technique in itself. The schedule given in each student should guide them in how to
allocate the available time among the academe works, extracurricular activities and

social life. Time is the most important element of studying. It must be properly observed

and practice the studying accordingly to the given time span.

According to Palm Beach Community College (PBCC, 2008), they recommend that

students study should have at least three hours out of class for every hour spent in

class. They also said that a student must have a special place to study with plenty to

work. And students should not be cramped. They presupposes that study time will go

better if a learner take a few minutes at the stat to straighten things up. A desk and

straight-backed chair usually best. Dont get comfortablea bed is a place to sleep,

not to study as what they said. A student must have everything close at hand (book,

pencil coffee, dictionary, computer, calculator, tape recorder, etc.) before starting to

study. Students are not suggested to on time jumping up and down to get things. The

PBCC suggested also that distracting noise should be minimized however they said that

there are some people need sound and some like silence. In this case, a learner must

find what work for him or her. Culprits are family and friends. Consider a Do not disturb

and turning your answering machine is the way also to have better study habits

according to the PBCC

Fielden (2004) states that good study habits help the student in critical reflection

in skills outcomes such as selecting, analyzing, critiquing, and synthesizing. But

Fieldens study was slightly opposed by the work of Gladen (2008) who mentioned that

there is no definite way to define good study skills. As every student is different and

works.
 Nneji (2002) states that study habits are learning tendencies that enable students

work private. The best thing students should be doing is self-testing and self-

monitoring, Van Blerkom says. So many students read over the material and say, Ive

got this. Maybe this worked with high school tests. However, when they study by

reading over the material for their college exams, they are surprised when they do not

excel because they thought they knew the material.

In accordance, Kelly (2000) explains that learning is very significant on the study

habits of students. If no learning takes place, studies are useless. The study is

somehow a general term and in fact, it is being measured by learning. When a student

study, it means they will be learning something. And the quality of their study habits

whether they may be bad or good depends on the learning that they have acquired

because the mere fact in here is that if the students learn a lot, it means that they have

applied the a sound study habits. The more the learning that a student learns, the better

they have studied.

In addition, Richards (2009) stated, it will be a big help in studying to divide up

large tasks into smaller ones. In this way, students may limit their allotted tie for

studying. Dividing large tasks into smaller ones is one of the few ways to lessen the

time for studying and also organizes the material for studying.

As it is said in the study of Crede and Kuncel (2008), study habit, skill, and attitude

inventories and constructs were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades

as predictors of academic performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in

predicting academic performance. Study motivation and study skills exhibit the

strongest relationships with both grade point average and grades in individual classes.
Academic specific anxiety was found to be an important negative predictor of

performance. In addition, significant variation in the validity of specific inventories is

shown.

Study groups help solve the problem of forgetfulness. Studying one hour

immediately after a class will do more good in developing an understanding of the

material as several hours a few days later. Studies show that as much as 80% of

material learned in class is forgotten within 24 hours if there is no review. Maryland

Community College S.O.A.R. Program Revised. (April 2002)

Simmons (2003) said. professors in the developing countries said that the

undergraduate students should be fully equip with high level of analytical skills, the

capacity for critical reasoning, self-reflection and conceptual grasp and ability to learn

autonomously and exercise flexibility of mind. Study habits are said to be improving

because of the advent and wide use of the Internet, hypertext, and multimedia resources

which greatly Affects the Study Habits. Liu (2005)

According to Allan Paivio (2006), an emeritus professor of psychology at the

University of Western Ontario, noted that habits of study, which are formed in school

have greater significance and students must realize the need to acquire these effective

study habits. Effective studying will help students to prepare schoolwork in less time

and achieve greater degree of mastery of the lesson. Students who study effectively

and efficiently make use of methods of learning which provide gaining in the acquisition,

retention, application of knowledge, facts and information from textbook and class

discussion, lectures and other resources. While Bolivar Pascual MD, a psychiatrist,

stated that study skills/habits or study strategies are approaches applied to learning.
They are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring

good grades, and are useful for learning throughout one's life. There are arrays of study

skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information,

retaining information, or dealing with assessments. They include mnemonics, which aid

the retention of lists of information, effective reading and concentration techniques, as

well as efficient note taking. Acquiring effective study habits are often left up to the

student and their support, however there is and evidence that they increasingly taught

at high school and university level.

Li (2009) explained that students dont need to study for a long period of time but

instead, but instead, enough time is recommended for healthy amount.

Local Literature

Ortinero (2000) particularly highlights the role of family and environment in

students acquisition of rational capacities and skills. It has been scientifically confirmed

that family upbringing, neighborhood culture, schooling experience, and the national

milieu positively or adversely affect the shaping of rational capacities.

It is believed that good study habits and positive attitude towards learning proven

in many studies enhance the process of learning skills, including reasoning skills. Good

study habits lead to enhancement in learning, as ability improves and sharpens through

mastery of principles and by means of training, exercise and constancy of application.

(Ortinero, 2000, pg. 56)

 Local studies (Muega, 2003; Acuna, 2000; Orteza, 1999) have also stressed the

need for students to acquire reasoning skills that would enable them to think critically

and to make the right decisions claims on issues.

In support, Salcedo, Lumantas, and Masunong (2006) affirmed that motivated

students are most successful when learning a target language are those who are like

the people that speak the language, admire the culture, and have desire to become

familiar with or even integrated into the society in which the language is used.

In the local setting specifically in Davao City, Nacito (2006) and Azarcon, et.al.

(2004) found that Grade Six students enrolled in Piedad District of Toril S.Y. 2005-2006

as well as the freshmen students of Erico T. Nograles National High School both need

to improve their study habits due to their low academic performance. In addition, college

students of the University of Mindanao, where the researcher is currently studying,

observed that most of the students lack study habits

As recommended by Borro (2006), the good study habit should be taught by

parents first at home. The school will later on guide the students on studying their

lessons. Teachers should impart the good values of studying.

According to Salandanan (2008), the most important goal of education is to teach

the students how to learn on their own. The quotation on the side margin stresses this.

It is vital that students acquire the skills of how to learn; and that these skills enable

them to learn not just while they are in school but for a lifetime. This entails a deeper

awareness of how one processes information, the ability to evaluate his own thinking

and to think of ways to make his own learning process more effective. Proficiency in

employing a variety of instructional methodologies is the best guarantee of attaining a

desired learning outcome. There is no single best method in accomplishing a planned

objective one may be selected as the most appropriate for learning episode but may not

be suited for the same objective in another learning engagement. The teachers decision

in choosing one is crucial. Each of teaching approaches and strategies will be discussed

highlighting their effectiveness in achieving learning objective.

The cause of this drastic decrease in the performance of the students was

supported by a study conducted by Acido (2010) who identified students in public high

school in Manila who performed low due to poor study habits.

Manila Bulletin (2011).The point of having good study habits is to be effective and

efficient. Effective: retaining, understanding, and having a good grasp of the subject

matter. Efficiency: maximizing the time you study in order to spend as little of it as

possible. Having good study habits helps greatly in achieving one's goals in college.

Lee-Chua (2011). He believes that the most common problem of students is not

bullying, cheating or drug abuse. Those three are insidious, but procrastination may be

the most prevalent.

Teachers must always motivate their students to submit the assignments on time

and have the regular consultation of students who need more assistance and guidance.

Teachers must treat the students equally even the slow learners and give them proper

attention to develop the appropriate way of study habits and practices inside and outside

the classroom. Parents must keep away their children from watching television most

especially during weekdays to concentrate from studying and finishing their

assignments. Teachers must also explain or discuss clearly all the topics being

discussed and they must consume the complete hours allotted for the subject. It is
recommended that guidance services where affective behavior of students can be

properly monitored and worked on to all freshmen students to established a better

academic foundation and facilitate the achievement of the objective of the universal

basic education (Aquino, 2011).

Field, Tiffany; Diego, Miguel; Pelaez, Martha; Deeds, Osvelia; Delgado, Jeannette

(2012) Says that a breakup affects students' perceived academic performance including

their concentration, homework and test scores.

Foreign Studies

Crede and Kuncel (2008) found that non-cognitive factors like study habit, skill

and study motivation, among other attitudinal constructs, accounted for incremental

variance in academic performance beyond standardized tests and previous grades.

Moreover, a literature review by Nagaraju (2004) pointed out that for good academic

success, good study habits and attitudes are important.

A substantial amount of research has examined the role of students study habits

and their attitudes to study on academic performance. The study of Osa-Edoh and Alutu

(2012) which examined the usefulness of imbibing in the students study habit, as a

means of enhancing their academic performance, revealed a high correlation between

study habits and students academic performance. This suggests that it is only when

students imbibe or cultivate proper study habits that their academic performance can be

improved upon.

De Escobar (2009) stated that if students are a college student, high school

student or in elementary school students still need good study habits in order to perform
better and succeed in school. Good study habits for students start at home, however

we learn the most of them by practicing them and through trial and error. For instance

students should start with taking notes in class. Write down what the teachers says but

only what students think is important and could be on your next test. Use colors and

high light the most important things because this will help you study better and in less

time for your next test. Pay attention in class. Sometimes we go to class and start

thinking about who knows what. You know what I am talking about right? Well, try to

actually listen to what is going on in class, what the professor is saying and other

people's questions as well. Another good study habits for students is to do homework

at school. This is very rewarding for anyone because by the time you get home you will

have more than enough time to enjoy what you like to do most without worrying about

your assignment for the next day. Studying for tests and exams ahead of time is also a

very good habit. If one knows a test is approaching the way then start going through

ones notes today, read little by little every day so when the time comes one is prepared

and ready to take on it. The above examples are only a few good study habits one could

implement into ones routine (De Escobar, 2009).

According to Chambers (2009), student days are considered to be one of the

busiest moments in our lives. Recitations, assignments, projects, and exams are the

things that make students feel exhausted. Aside from that, there are work commitments

and social events that they would like to attend. All of these competing demands

influence time management. If the students do not have any idea about budgeting time

and keeping a schedule they can easily spin out of control, get stressed out and fall into

bad practices such as cramming or doing 'all-nighters. This gives rise to the importance
of time management for students. Here are some positive benefits to learning student

time management skills.

Firstly, academic time management can help the student better learn new

material. By taking a steady and consistent approach he/she absorbs the material in

small chunks so that he/she is better prepared when exam time comes around.

Secondly, student time management also helps one for class preparation. Often

concepts that are introduced in a previous class need to be properly understood in order

to build a new understanding of concepts that are introduced. By allocating time to study

material as one learns, one can improve class absorption rate and efficiency. Thirdly,

student time management also ensures the structuring of commitments by priority. By

properly scheduling requirements, one can avoid running into competing demands. This

can happen if one is disorganized. Next, time management also allows setting aside

time for leisure and social events. If one has priorities to attend to, one won't find the

position of having to skip social events that one has been looking forward to. Moreover,

student time management is a proactive approach to making best use of all available

time. By knowing when to have breaks between classes one can set aside that time to

attend to study commitments. By setting up a schedule this way one can get to take

control of the day to day student requirements. This can help avoiding falling into the

trap of 'goofing off' between classes and frees time at night for other activities. Getting

started on student time management is often the most difficult task. Taking the time to

learn this skill will pay dividends throughout college life and will also be a valuable skill

one can take forward for managing life. Be prepared and learn is needed to know early

in life to make the best use of time (Chambers, 2009).

 Nonis and Hudson (2010) also conducted a study on performance of college

students-impact of study time and study habits in which they found that some study

habits had a positive direct relationship on student performance but others had a

negative direct relationship.

Hassanbeigi et al. (2011), in their study of the relationship between various study

skills and academic performance of university students, noted that the study skills scores

of students with GPA of 15 and above (out of 20) were statistically higher than those

students with GPA of less than 15 in all of the seven skills (time management and

procrastination, concentration and memory, study aids and note-taking, test strategies

and test anxiety, organizing and processing information, motivation and attitude, and

reading and selecting the main idea).

According to Menzel, cited by Rana and Kausar (2011), many students fail not

because they lack ability but because they do not have adequate study skills. Students

who have difficulty in college frequently do not have adequate study habits that affect

their academic achievement. A central problem noted was that many of these students

had not learned how to take effective notes and manage time for studying (cited by

Mutsotso S.N. & Abenga E.S., 2010). Moreover, a study by Nagaraju (2004) found that

students usually do not devote sufficient time to their studies and seldom have proper

study habits.

The study conducted by Hope L. Graven (2008) on the relationship between an

individual's amount of caffeine consumption during his/her study session and the

individual's study habits showed that the main effect of drinking caffeine on exam

preparation was not significant There were participants, 20 male and 58 female college
students (N=78), answered self-ratings on their personal consumption of caffeine as well

as their study habits when preparing for a test/exam. It was hypothesized that the more

caffeine a student consumes while studying, the more accurately his or her study habits

would be labeled as 'unhealthy', as determined by the researchers. Unhealthy study

habits were operationally defined as low scores on amount of time per study session,

time (in days) when preparation began, and amount of information the participants

believed they had retained. High scores on anxiety level were included in 'unhealthy'

study habits. A Pearson correlation indicated no relationship between amount of caffeine

consumed while studying and the individual's effectiveness of studying and preparation.

Local Studies

According to Muega (2003), students need to acquire reasoning skills that would

enable them to think critically and to make the right decisions claims on issues.

Reasoning entails presentation of arguments. It is when one makes conclusions from

what he reads. It is from reading and reasoning one gets to extend his knowledge

critically.

The Filipino females under study are more likely to procrastinate and they are

relaxed-pleasure seeking type of procrastinators. In the Filipino culture, women are

expected to be the helper of the husband, and support the family with their income after

school or marriage. These conforming to these roles easily, they tend to put off doing

or performing them instead. Males on the other hand, are tensed-afraid type of

procrastinator. Their basic characteristics as task-oriented, directive and dominating

others may explain why they are tense-afraid type of procrastinator. Dela Cruz, M.C.

(Baguio City, 2004)

Based from an unpublished thesis of Jabonete (2004), Study Habits

Enhancement Program: Its Effectiveness, it states that the Study Habits Enhancement

Program was established in order to eliminate deficiency in class performance and

promote awareness in improving their learning styles. The researches formulated the

program based on the students baseline data which was gathered from their given

survey of study habits and attitudes in assessment of adjusting their program.

Specifically, the researchers were able to obtain data from their selected students as

profile: sex and grade. As revealed in the survey, the researchers were able to discover

and identify the problems the students have. These are delayed attention, learning

styles, and educational background.

In the Philippine concept, as cited in a research conducted by Cabahug and Ladot

(2005), the University of the Philippines greatest failure is in mathematics. It is also said

that repetition in mathematics is common among UP students that almost one out of

three repeat a mathematics course. Cabahug and Ladot (2005) also said that the faculty

of the UP Cebu Natural Science and Mathematics Division or NSMD has felt the

declining performance of students in basic mathematics. It is also stated that the attitude

towards mathematics and achievement in mathematics have always been a great

concern.

The Department of Educations (DepEd) Monitoring and Evaluation Report for SY

2004-2005 also showed that 44% of the students who were under the Bridge Program

cited parental neglect as a major hindrance to student learning (DepEd, 2005).

 According to the study of Torres and Fajardo (2006) 63.25% of the respondents

spend more time in studying rather than of playing. 79.14% out of the 302 respondents

can be considered healthy for the reason that they do not get sick or ill often. This

contributes to a result of a high percent of 94.04% respondents who attend their class

regularly.

Based on the study of Alexis D. Tan (2010) majority of the students often gets

82% and below in minor subjects while 83%-85% in major subjects.

In the 2010 professional licensure examinations given by the PRC, almost 70

percent of college graduates in the country failed and, last year, only 125,419 of the

345,182 or 36.3 percent college and technical school graduates passed their respective

professional eligibility examinations, as per PRC records. This statistics were based on

the results of licensure examinations for 45 groups of professionals. Among the lowest

number of passing rates were posted by: elementary teachers (15.4 percent);

secondary teachers (23.3 percent); electronic engineers (23.5 percent); and registered

electrical engineers (31.9 percent) (Philippine Education Sector Assessment Project,

2011)

Aquino, L (2011) Students generally do not approve teacher methods and

classroom management and have inefficient time management. Intervention programs

based on the theory of confluent education which can improve the study habits and

attitudes of students was proposed.

The study of Cadosales (2013) reveals that the first year students have the skills

in organizing and planning their work, preparing assignments or projects, and note-

taking and reading. The students skills in organizing and planning ones work; working
with others and utilizing resources and feedback; note-taking and reading; and

preparing an assignment/project correlate with their grades. The best predictor of

students academic performance is note-taking and reading. First year college students

need to develop the habit of studying their lessons, reading, and taking down notes to

improve their academic performance

Synthesis and Relevance of Related Literature and Studies

Each literature and studies are come from articles, thesis/dissertation and journals

that are related to the proposed study.

Each literature and studies are come from articles, thesis/dissertation and journals

that are related to the proposed study.

According to the study of Borro (2010) the common reason of drastic decrease of

academic performance of the student is a weak study habit. In the present study the

researcher seeks for the factors that affect the study habits of a student; the factors that

causes a weak study habit.

Fielden (2004) once stated that a good study habits have a good effects towards

the academic performance of the student which is hypothetically true.

The present study finds similarities to the study of Jabonete (2004), wherein the

study identified the problems of students to their study skills.