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Elfa 2 Inverter Manual
Elfa 2 Inverter Manual
ELFA2
Manual
Traction Inverter
ELFA2 DC4-650WM
ELFA2 DC4-650WM-2
ELFA2 DC4-650WM-C
1 General data............................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Legal information ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 ESD instructions ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Warranty ................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 List of abbreviations.................................................................................................................................. 6
1.5 Normative references ............................................................................................................................... 7
4 Mounting................................................................................................................................................ 10
4.1 Installing and mounting the traction inverter........................................................................................... 10
4.2 Ground connections ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Connecting-up the control cables........................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Connecting the power cables ................................................................................................................. 12
4.5 Connecting-up the cooling water hoses ................................................................................................. 13
4.6 Removing the traction inverter, packing ................................................................................................. 14
4.7 Checking before commissioning ............................................................................................................ 15
5 Service/maintenance............................................................................................................................ 16
5.1 Service/maintenance intervals (maximum times)................................................................................... 16
5.2 Cleaning.................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.3 Insulation resistance............................................................................................................................... 16
6 Information on troubleshooting/diagnostics..................................................................................... 17
6.1 Troubleshooting/diagnostics................................................................................................................... 17
8 Mechanical characteristics.................................................................................................................. 25
8.1 Dimensions / weight ............................................................................................................................... 25
8.2 Mechanical vibration test method (broad-band random)........................................................................ 25
8.3 Mechanical connections ......................................................................................................................... 25
1 General data
1.1 Legal information
Warning notice system
This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to
prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a
safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices
shown below are graded according to the degree of danger.
DANGER
indicates that death, severe personal injury and/or substantial property damage will result if proper
precautions are not taken.
WARNING
indicates that death, severe personal injury and/or substantial property damage may result if proper
precautions are not taken.
CAUTION
with a safety alert symbol, indicates that minor personal injury and/or property damage can result if proper
precautions are not taken.
CAUTION
without a safety alert symbol, indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
NOTICE
indicates that an unintended result or situation can occur if the corresponding information is not taken into
account.
Or:
indicates information about the product or the respective part of the Manual which is essential to highlight.
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
WARNING
The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this manual. Commissioning and
operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety
notes in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission,
ground and label devices, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety practices and
standards. He or she must have the following qualifications:
1. Trained and authorized to energize, de-energize, clear, ground and tag circuits and equipment in
accordance with established safety procedures.
2. Trained in the proper care and use of protective equipment in accordance with established safety
procedures.
3. Trained in rendering first aid.
WARNING
Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the relevant technical
documentation. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and
maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The
permissible ambient conditions must be adhered to. The information in the relevant documentation must
be observed.
Electrical equipment has components which are at dangerous voltage levels.
The personnel must take into account the information provided in the technical documentation for the
product, and be familiar with and follow the specified danger and warning notices.
In addition to the danger and warning information provided in the technical customer documentation, the
applicable national, local, and system-specific regulations and requirements must be taken into account.
Operation of the traction inverter at a stationary grid is not allowed.
CAUTION
This equipment may only be used for the purpose specified by the manufacturer. Unauthorized
modifications and the use of spare parts and accessories that are not sold or recommended by the
manufacturer of the equipment can cause fires, electric shocks and injuries.
NOTICE
The information in this Manual does not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, or to
provide Information for every possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation or
maintenance.
Should further information be desired or should particular problems arise which are not covered
sufficiently for the purchasers purposes, please contact your local Siemens office.
Further, the contents of this Manual shall neither become a part of nor modify any prior or existing
agreement, commitment or relationship. The sales contract contains the entire obligation of Siemens.
The warranty contained in the contract between the parties is the sole warranty of Siemens. Any
statements contained herein neither create new warranties nor modify the existing warranty.
This Manual deals exclusively with the traction inverter (refer to section 2.1).
Thus, additional information about the operating conditions and vehicle design is not part of this Manual.
The traction inverter is only operational in a complete system including external components such as
generator, traction motor etc.
Keep this manual within easy reach of the equipment and make it available to all users.
1.3 Warranty
NOTICE
If the traction inverter is returned to Siemens AG under warranty, then the following documents are
necessary so that claims can be made under warranty.
Use the advice of the return form of the Siemens Customer Service
Fill out and send: Return information ELFA (refer to section 14.2)
Serial number of the traction inverter
Fault description (do not erase the fault memory!)
Total number of kilometers that the vehicle has been operated
Fault memory
Siemens AG reserves the right to request additional information.
The traction inverter must be carefully and professionally packed for transport. Damages incurred during
transport are not covered by warranty.
Siemens cannot accept any claims under warranty if the equipment was incorrectly operated, mounted,
installed and commissioned.
Product numbers
Product numbers Product Name Note
A5E02503560 ELFA2 DC4-650WM
A5E02049710 ELFA2 DC4-650WM-2
A5E00468614 ELFA2 DC4-650WM-C
3.2 Transport
NOTICE
Protect the equipment against physical shocks and vibration during transport and storage. It is
important that the equipment is protected from water (rainfall) and excessive temperatures.
If the traction inverter is subject to significant jolts (for example, because it has been dropped), then do
not use it in case it has been internally damaged and return it to the manufacturer.
The coolant connections which stick out of the module must never be used as handles or support
surfaces when the units are transported.
3.3 Storage
CAUTION
It is not permissible to
- stack the traction inverters
- load it with the weight of other objects.
Protect against water. Only store the traction inverter with the control-, power- and water connections
and the two terminal box covers closed-off. Power cable glands should be sealed using adhesive tape
or filler plugs.
When storing the traction inverter, ensure that the permissible storage temperatures are observed.
Refer to section 9.1.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be stored for a minimum of two years under no-voltage conditions
without reducing their reliability. Within this time period, they can be used at their rated voltage without
any special measures having to be made.
However, if they are stored for longer than two years in a no-voltage condition (especially at high
temperatures), then they must be reformed (refer to section 4.7 "Checking before commissioning). The
storage time can be determined from the date the device was manufactured from the serial number on
the rating plate (refer to section 2.2 "Serial number").
4 Mounting
4.1 Installing and mounting the traction inverter
The following procedure must be observed:
Unpack the traction inverter. Packing materials must be disposed of in-line with local regulations.
Visibly check the equipment for damage during transport and if required, clean the outside of the unit
(e.g. using moist cloth). Refer to section 5.2 Cleaning
Transporting: Refer to section 3.2 "Transport".
Installing the traction inverter:
Mechanically retain the traction inverter (e.g. 4 M 8 bolts). Use spring washers and washers.
Refer to the respective dimension drawing (refer to section 14.2).
WARNING
If the order for installing and mounting of the traction inverter (refer to sections 4.1 to 4.5) is not followed,
this can result in death, serious injury and significant material damage.
CAUTION
The preferable mounting position is horizontal.
The vertical mounting position with X1/X2 on bottom is not allowed.
When mounting on rigid surfaces, gaps >1mm can occur due to tolerances of the traction inverter and
the mounting frame which must be filled-out at the mounting points using compensation elements.
The traction components may not be handled or lifted by their cables. During assembly and operation
tensile forces up to 20 N are permissible.
416
384
WARNING
The inverter must always be connected to the vehicle chassis using the
ground / protective earth connection.
Observe the sequence of the connection:
Cooling plate - cable lug - washer - spring washer - screw M 8, tightening torque
15 Nm.
CAUTION
The control cable connections must be strain-relieved.
Only insert the control connectors when the equipment is in a no-voltage condition.
The shielding of the pulse encoder cable (connected to X2) must be connected to the
respective cable gland.
If the wrong cable gland insert is chosen, the protection degree against dirt and water is not
guaranteed.
Unsused control connections have to be closed using appropriate caps or installing the respective
control connector with a filler plug.
NOTICE
The tightening torque for signal connectors M 5 is 2,5 Nm.
The tightening torque for control cable glands M 20 is 10 Nm.
The tightening torque for control cable glands M 16 is 8 Nm.
Refer to the respective dimension drawing (refer to section 14.2).
WARNING
Before starting work, the following five safety rules for the entire high-voltage
system must be observed:
1. Disconnect the system (De-energize the supply).
2. Protect against reconnection.
3. Make sure that the equipment is de-energized.
4. Ground and short-circuit.
5. Cover or enclose adjacent components that are still live.
Note:
Even after the traction inverter has been powered-down, hazardous voltages can
still be present for longer periods of time.
It takes about 3 min for the DC link capacitors to discharge down to non-hazardous
voltage levels.
If this information/instructions are not followed, this can result in death, serious
injury and significant material damage.
CAUTION
If one of the terminal box covers or one of the control connections is opened the degree of protection of
the traction inverter is IP00. Beware of bringing dust, water or other parts into the housing of the
inverter.
The power cable connections must be strain-relieved.
When connecting the power cables, observe the markings on the cables and the respective drawings of
the wiring harness.
The shielding of the power cables must be connected to the respective cable glands.
The power cables may only be connected using crimpable tubular cable lugs.
The contact surface of the cable lugs and the terminal bar has to be clean.
Any use of screw locking varnish is forbidden.
All screws M 10 of the terminal box have to be tightened.
Close the two terminal box covers, use all of the screws in order to achieve the required level of
sealing.
All of the power cable glands must be closed.
If the wrong cable gland insert is chosen, the protection degree against dirt and water is not
guaranteed.
NOTICE
The tightening torque for power connections M 10 is 30 Nm
The tightening torque for power cable glands M 25 is 22 Nm.
The tightening torque for the two terminal box covers M 5 is 3,7 Nm.
Refer to the respective dimension drawing (refer to section 14.2).
Unused power cable connections have to be closed using filler plugs.
WARNING
Before starting work, the following five safety rules for the entire high-voltage
system must be observed:
1. Disconnect the system (De-energize the supply).
2. Protect against reconnection.
3. Make sure that the equipment is de-energized.
4. Ground and short-circuit.
5. Cover or enclose adjacent components that are still live.
Note:
Even after the traction inverter has been powered-down, hazardous voltages can
still be present for longer periods of time.
It takes about 3 min for the DC link capacitors to discharge down to non-hazardous
voltage levels.
If this information/instructions are not followed, this can result in death, serious
injury and significant material damage.
WARNING
If the order for removing the traction inverter (given below) is not followed, this can result in death,
serious injury and significant material damage.
When releasing the cooling medium pipes, hot cooling medium may cause serious injury.
CAUTION
The cooling medium has to be removed completely, in order to protect the cooling plate.
CAUTION
Before the equipment is commissioned, the following checks must be made:
Visible check for damage.
Check the storage time (if the equipment has been stored for two years or more, it will be necessary to
reform the electrolytic capacitors in the unit).
Check that the equipment has been correctly installed and mounted.
Check that all of the mounting screws between the traction inverter and housing are tight.
Connections and tightness of connections:
- all of the power connections and the protective earth connections.
- all of the control circuit connectors.
- the water connections.
CAUTION
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be stored for a minimum of two years under no-voltage conditions
without reducing their reliability. Within this time period, they can be used at their rated voltage without any
special measures having to be made.
However, if they are stored for longer than two years in a no-voltage condition (especially at high
temperatures), then they must be reformed. The storage time can be determined from the date the device
was manufactured from the Serial number on the rating plate. Refer to section 2.2.
Reforming:
a) DC voltage
600V DC is connected through a series resistor of approx. 200 ohms at terminals P and M.
Duration 2 hours.
or
b) AC voltage
single-phase 380V AC (<450V) is connected at terminals L1 and L2 through a series resistor of
approx. 200 ohm. In this case, the free-wheeling diodes in the inverter act as rectifier.
Duration 2 hours.
The series resistor has to be chosen according the voltage and power requirements.
5 Service/maintenance
5.1 Service/maintenance intervals (maximum times)
The traction inverter is maintenance-free. Only the cooling system of the vehicle has to be occasionally
checked.
Activity Interval
Checking the cooling medium 2 years
The specified service interval is a maximum value. The actual maintenance intervals depend on the type and
amount of dirt accumulation and must be defined according to the operating experience.
The cooling system and the cooling medium has to satisfy the specifications given in the respective
Section 10 Cooling circuit.
5.2 Cleaning
CAUTION
Only clean the exterior of the unit.
Solvents and compressed air are forbidden.
High-pressure cleaners using either steam or water should be avoided.
WARNING
Before starting work, the following five safety rules for the entire high-voltage
system must be observed:
1. Disconnect the system (De-energize the supply).
2. Protect against reconnection.
3. Make sure that the equipment is de-energized.
4. Ground and short-circuit.
5. Cover or enclose adjacent components that are still live.
Note:
Even after the traction inverter has been powered-down, hazardous voltages can
still be present for longer periods of time.
It takes about 3 min for the DC link capacitors to discharge down to non-hazardous
voltage levels.
If this information/instructions are not followed, this can result in death, serious
injury and significant material damage.
For the measurement of the insulation resistance refer to the document Measurement insulation resistance
ELFA2 (refer to section 14.2). For the value of the insulation resistance refer to Section Insulation (refer to
section 12.1).
6 Information on troubleshooting/diagnostics
6.1 Troubleshooting/diagnostics
NOTICE
Do not erase the error buffer.
Information can be obtained about the fault(s) which occurred by evaluating the error report. The error
message is important for documenting the operating behavior.
7 Electrical characteristics
NOTICE
The following data are generally valid for the traction inverter. In the actual application, other data could
apply. Please refer to the vehicle description.
Supply
The supply can be for example one of the following: Battery / UltraCap / Fuel cell / an additional inverter
with generator / Combination of battery and inverter with generator = hybrid.
Voltage DC link
The voltage DC link comprises DC link capacitors and the continuous discharge resistor.
The tasks of the DC link are as follows: Stabilizing the DC link voltage / Absorbtion of AC current
components / Supplying reactive power for the load / Buffering the regenerative energy when a load is
rejected.
Discharging the DC link capacitors when powered-down through the continuous discharge resistor to a
value of 60V in less than 3 min.
Traction inverter
The Traction inverter comprises 4 identical phases with IGBT modules.
Block diagramm
Signal-connection Motor
Signal-connection Vehicle
7.2 Terminals
The drive components may not be handled or lifted by their cables. During assembly and operation
tensile forces up to 20 N are permissible.
Use the correct insert for the EMC cable glands depending on the cable cross-section of the used power
cable.
DANGER
When connecting any kind of energy source to the power connections of the traction inverter, e.g. a
traction battery, UltraCap, SuperCap, generator, permanent-field motor,..., the user has to make sure
that the energy flow is stopped immediately if there is a failure in the drive system.
In any case of failure with failure currents above 300 Arms the maximum permissible
It-value is 45.000 As.
In any case of failure with failure currents below 300 Arms the current flow has to be stopped in less
then one second.
WARNING
The inverter must always be connected to the vehicle chassis using the
ground / protective earth connection.
CAUTION
The cross-section of the power cables has to be chosen in such a way that the temperature of the
cable doesnt exceed 105C.
If others components (e.g. auxiliary drives) are connected to the same DC-Link as the traction inverter,
the user has to make sure that the currents in the DC-Link doesnt overload any component.
WARNING
KL31 of connector X1 (Pin No. 2 and/or 4) has to be connected to the vehicle chassis.
CAUTION
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied
to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid
simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may
occur and reliability may be affected.
Max. values depending on e.g. temperature model, lifetime expectation and pulse control factor.
Absolute max. output current versus DC input voltage (depending on temperatures, lifetime expectation
and pulse control factor):
Absolute max. output current versus cooling water temperature (depending on temperatures, lifetime
expectation and pulse control factor):
L3
L2
L1
L1
L2
L3
L4
7.6 DC-link
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors:
Parameter Symbol min typ max Unit Note
Total capacitance CZK 1,6 2 2,4 mF
Discharging resistor R 24 k
(between P1/P2 and M1/M2)
8 Mechanical characteristics
Parameter Note
Type of construction Aluminum cooling/base plate with enclosure
to protect the electrical components
Material (enclosure) Housing: aluminum
Sealing Combined dust/water/EMC sealing
Degree of protection acc. to ISO 20653 (all interfaces are IPX7, IP6K9K, IPX6K
connected correctly, all assembly openings closed correctly)
CAUTION
The traction inverter must not be mounted on or near the combustion engine.
9 Environmental conditions
9.1 Ambient Conditions
CAUTION
No forced air > 70C around the traction inverter allowed.
Exposure to strong solar radiation on the traction inverter is not allowed.
10 Cooling circuit
All coolant connections are tube stems for connecting the coolant hoses directly. The hoses are fixed using
hose clamps. The rated diameter of the hoses has to be chosen according to the diameter of the tube stems
shown in the respective dimension drawing (refer to section 14.2).
CAUTION
Proper venting has to be realized within the cooling system.
The contact of aluminium with copper and/or zinc (e.g. in the cooling circuit) is forbidden.
Cooling with seawater is forbidden.
Operation without the water cooling system is not permissible, even at low temperatures, i.e. leakage or
interruption of water flow have to be detected and the inverter need to be turned off.
To avoid damage of the traction inverter a pressure switch has to be provided in the cooling system
and its actual state has to be reported to the Siemens system.
The cooling performance of the pump and the radiator must satisfy following key data for the traction
inverter:
Parameter min typ max Unit
Cooling-medium temperature for operation
without power reduction -25 55 C
with power reduction (low temperature) -40 -25 C
with power reduction (high temperature) 55 70 C
Cooling water temperature -40 70 C
Cooling flow per unit time* 10 25 l/min
Cooling flow per unit time for rated conditions 15 l/min
Operating pressure 5 bar
Testing pressure 7,5 bar
Volume cooling-medium in cooling-plate 0,27 l
Temperature difference at rated conditions between 5 K
cooling water inlet and discharge
Parameter Value
Cooling medium: water + anti-freeze Water:
free of oil, suspended particles and salts
causing hardness
pH value 6.5 - 8 at 20C
chloride: 50 mg/l
sulfate: 50 mg/l
dissolved solids, total: 340 mg/l
sum of alkaloids of soil: < 2,5 mmol/l
(former: total hardness)
max. particle size < 100m
Anti-freeze:
Glysantin 9319 (BASF) or
Antifrogen N (Clariant)
Cooling medium mixture up to -25 C: 40 % anti-freeze and 60 % water
up to -35C: 50 % anti-freeze and 50 % water
up to -40C: 56 % anti-freeze and 44 % water
* The thermal resistance as well as the pressure drop (see figure below) of the heatsink depend on the flow
rate. The required flow rate has to be discussed according the customers requirement regarding current,
cooling temperature as well as lifetime requirements.
Pressure drop over flow rate of cooling-medium (50% AFN / 50% water / 50C):
1100
1000
900
800
700
dp [mbar]
600
500
400
300
200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Vs [l/min]
NOTICE
The control cables must be laid separately from the power cables. Carry out the connections as shown
in the installation section in this manual, to prevent inductive and capacitive interference from affecting
the correct function of the system.
E1-type approval - if available - will be marked on the rating plate of the inverter.
12 Protective measures
12.1 Insulation
WARNING
The inverter must always be connected to the vehicle chassis using the
ground / protective earth connection.
Pin No. 2 and/or 4 (KL31) of connector X1 has to be connected to the vehicle
chassis.
A ground fault monitoring for the DC-Link has to be implemented.
Insulation resistance
Power stage of the traction inverter against signal electronics and vehicle chassis.
Refer to Measurement insulation resistance ELFA2 (refer to section 14.2).
Product numbers Product Name Insulation resistance
A5E02503560 ELFA2 DC4-650WM 30 M
A5E02049710 ELFA2 DC4-650WM-2
A5E00468614 ELFA2 DC4-650WM-C 2,35 M
Insulation co-ordination
Insulation co-ordination according to EN 50124-1
Discharging
The internal discharge resistor (refer to section 7.6) discharges the internal DC-Link capacitor in less than
3 min down to 60V.
WARNING
The drive system has to handle every kind of DC-Link short-circuit.
Sensors
Current sensors are provided for the phases L1, L2, L3 and L4:
Current transducers with measurable current up to 350 A rms / 680 A peak
Bus voltage measurement with measurable voltage up to 1000 Volts
Heatsink temperature with measurable temperature: -40C .. +90C
Temperature monitoring
The traction inverter has a temperature sensor close to the IGBT module. The generated signal is evaluated
by the drive control module. When the permissible temperature range is exceeded, then:
The power is reduced (de-rating), and if necessary, the equipment will shut down.
13 Service life/Reliability
13.1 Life utility/Service life
Life utility / service life of the traction inverter are based on the following load profiles. The aim of the traction
inverter is 50,000 operating hours (12 operating years). The vehicle weight during the life utility calculation is
taken into consideration at 12.4 t (for a 12m-Bus).
Working point: line 66
SORT1
14.2 Attachments
Relevant technical documentation:
Item Designation Drawing number Respective Product
1 Measurement insulation resistance ELFA2 A5E02531131A
2 Return Information ELFA A5E02531131D
3 Dimension drawing A5E02503560C A5E02503560
A5E02049710
A5E00468614