Theoretical Models of

Chemical Processes
BITS Pilani Pratik N Sheth
Department of Chemical Engineering
Pilani Campus
Lecture Contents

Solution of Dynamic Models

Stirred tank Heating Process with variable holdup
Electrically Heated Stirred Tank
Liquid Storage Tanks
CSTR

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Stirred Tank Heating Process with

variable holdup
STHP: Variable Holdup

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

STHP: Variable Holdup

Assumptions
Perfect mixing; thus, the exit temperature T is also the temperature of the tank contents.
The density and heat capacity C of the liquid are assumed to be constant. Thus, their
temperature dependence is neglected.
Heat losses are negligible.

Overall Mass Balance

d (V )
= wi w
dt

dV
= wi w
dt

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

STHP: Variable Holdup

The total internal energy of the liquid & rate of internal energy
accumulation in the tank is
U int = VU int (2-30)

dU int d (V (T Tref ))
= C
dt dt
dU int )
dt
(
= wH + Q) (2-10)

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

STHP: Variable Holdup

Enthalpy per unit mass

(
H = C T Tref ) (2-33)
H i = C (Ti Tref ) (2-34)

dU int )
dt
(
= wH + Q ) (2-10)

( ) [ ] [
wH = wi C (Ti Tref ) w C (T Tref ) ]
d (V (T Tref ))
C
dt
[ ] [
= wi C (Ti Tref ) w C (T Tref ) + Q ]
Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 STHP: Variable Holdup

d (V (T Tref ))
C
dt
[ ] [
= wi C (Ti Tref ) w C (T Tref ) + Q ]
dT dV
CV
dt
+ C (T Tref )
dt
[ ] [
= wi C (Ti Tref ) w C (T Tref ) + Q ]
dT
CV
dt
[ ] [
+ C (T Tref )(wi w) = wi C (Ti Tref ) w C (T Tref ) + Q ]
dT
CV
dt
[
+ wi C (T Tref ) = wi C (Ti Tref ) + Q ]
dT
CV = wi [C (Ti T )] + Q dT
=
wi
(Ti T ) + Q
dt dt V CV
Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Degree of freedom analysis for
STHP

dT wi Q
= (Ti T ) +
dt V CV

dV 1
= (wi w)
dt

No. of Variables: 6
No. of Equations: 2
NF = 4

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Electrically Heated Stirred
Tank
Stirred Tank Heating System with Constant Holdup
If metal heating element is having significant thermal
capacitance

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Liquid Storage Systems

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Liquid Storage Systems

Mass Balance

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Liquid Storage Systems

Relation of Out Flow with liquid Head

Linear Relation

More Realistic Relation (fixed valve in the exit line)

If valve is considered to be an orifice, Bernoulis Equation can give

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

CSTR

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

CSTR

Assumptions
Perfectly mixed
Constant V
Constant density
All Coolant at TC
Heat of mixing is negligible

Unsteady State Component Balance (Molar Basis)

& Energy Balance

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Exercise 2.12

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Solution

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Solution

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Solution

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Solution

At Steady State

w2 = 3.2 2.0 = 1.2 kg/s

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus