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Vaccum Pressure Guide
Vaccum Pressure Guide
Vaccum Pressure Guide
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45
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BRANCH PIPE
45
ISSUE A 2011
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User Manual
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.0 Terms and Conditions 6
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Standard and Regulations 6
1.3 Support 6
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 7
2.0 Vacuum Toilet System 8
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User Manual
Table of Contents
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User Manual
Dictionary
For small systems with short distance piping, a vacuum accumulating tank
Accumulating tank may be needed. An accumulating tank is recommended if the total pipe
volume is less than 160 litres ( approx. 85 metres of DN50 pipe ).
toilet.
Industry name for sewage, normally from toilets and urinals. The name is used
Black water
to distinguish from grey water.
Tank for collecting black water, and sometimes grey water, from a vacuum
Collecting tank
system.
Discharge pumps are mainly used for overboard discharge of content from
Discharge pumps
collecting tanks. They can be supplied in different types and capacities.
Gooseneck
Also known as a grey water interface tank. A tank used to interface grey
water outlets from showers, wash basins etc. with a vacuum system.
Grey water interface unit
Fitted with a CD or ED valve and level sensor for valve activation and tank
discharge. Normal sizes are 8, 12 and 16 liters..
Holding tank Tank for holding (storing) blackwater, and greywater, from a vacuum system.
! "
Rodding point
stretches of pipes install in connection with transport pockets.
Sewage treatment plant - Plant for treatment of black water, and grey water, prior to overboard
STP discharge ( from ships ) or release back into the ecosystem ( on land ).
$
%
#
Transport pocket the pressure difference in front of and at the back of the pocket will push the
slug on to the next pocket.
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User Manual
1
Introduction
TM
Sanitary Systems
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User Manual
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
This vacuum piping guide provides information on piping for vacuum sewage as well as waste water
pipes connected to such systems. The vacuum piping must be in accordance with vacuum sewage
system transportation principles. During transport through the piping system, the slug is affected by
gravity and will level out when the toilet valve closes. For this reason it is necessary to have transport
pockets in the pipe system where the slug can re-form. Pipes are to be secured by clamps, and rodding
points are to be made where convenient.
1.3 Support
Please contact:
Jets AS
Myravegen 1
N-6060 Hareid
Tel.: +47 700 39 100
Fax.: +47 700 39 101
E-mail: post@jets.no
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User Manual
2
System Description
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User Manual
System Description
Difference in air pressure is used to transport will move to the next transport pocket
sewage from toilets to a vacuum unit. In idle simultaneous with emptying of the toilet, until
position there is 40 - 55% vacuum in the piping reaching the vacuum generating unit. As a
system. When flushing a toilet, air is let into result of each toilet flushing, the vacuum
the system. The content in the bowl is sucked level in the pipe system will decrease,
into the piping together with 60 -80 liters of and the vacuum generating unit will start
air. Water and effluent will form a slug. This and maintain the vacuum level in the pipe
slug will be sucked about 5 to 15 meter into system.
the pipeline. The exact distance depends on When a toilet is flushed, 1 - 1,2 liters of
the level of vacuum, dimension of the pipe, sewage and 60 - 80 liters of air are sucked
direction of flow, bends and other restrictions into the pipe. A perfectly installed pipe
in the piping. When the toilet valve closes, system will allow sewage to form slug in
the movement of the slug will stop, and the the transport pockets. The remaining part of
sewage will flow by gravity to the lowest point the pipe will be empty and act as a vacuum
in the pipe. In order to have further transport, reservoir.
the slug must be re-formed. During running, the Vacuumarator pump
By building transport pockets in the pipelines, will macerate the sewage, generate vacuum
the sewage will flow into the closest transport and pump the sewage to the sewage
pocket. When next flushing of the toilet takes treatment plant, collecting tank or elsewhere,
place, the sewage from one transport pocket all in one process.
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User Manual
3
Test Procedure
and
Acceptance Criteria
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TM
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User Manual
The maximum accepted leakage is: Vacuum drop from -0.55 bar to -0.45 bar during one hour.
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User Manual
4
Design and Installation Guidelines-
TM
Sanitary Systems
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User Manual
mounted ) is installed, the outlet should be connected to a horizontal branch beneath the
deck.
!
outlet pipe from toilets to the collecting pipe branch will, in resting position, contain only air
under vacuum and thereby ensure safe operation of the toilets. Sewage aggregated in the
horizontal pipes due to change in trim or list, will not give any impact regarding the function
of the toilet valves.
As a general rule however, each horizontal pipe should be as short as possible and connect
to as few toilets as possible on each branch to maximize reliable function.
NOTE
Important to remember:
*Trim of the ship.
*Total length of the pipe branch.
* Slope.
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User Manual
As a main rule the vacuum generating unit should always be located at the absolutely lowest point of
the vacuum system. In addition, it should be located in such a way that main pipes and branches are
as short as possible. Branch pipes from toilets should be routed in a downward direction towards the
vacuum generating unit. In addition, the following must be considered when installing a vacuum piping
system:
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User Manual
How far the vacuum level will drop and how often
the vacuum generating unit will start is dependent
on the total pipe volume.
To rebuild the vacuum will take anywhere from a few
seconds to several minutes, depending on the pipe
volume and capacity of the vacuum generating unit.
"
toilets (i.e. peak load on passenger vessels,
ferries, etc.) the total pipe volume must be large
enough support the systems function.
In vessels with a total pipe volume of less than
160 litres, we recommend increasing the vacuum
reservoir by installing an accumulatingtank.
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For passenger ships with public toilets, separate pipes should be installed to both ladies`and gentlemen`s
toilets. The purpose is to maintain operation ( of ladies` or gentlemen`s ) toilets in case of blocking or
leakage in one line.
The pipes may be mounted horizontally between the transport pockets, provided that the outlet
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User Manual
When passing obstructions ( ie. crossing ventilation ducts, crossing pipes and etc. ), it is advantageous
to construct the passing as a transport pocket.
The distance between transport pockets should be decided considering the risk of change in trim
and list of the vessel, and the ships movement due to sea conditions.
For systems with downward directed outlet pipes from toilets to horizontal pipe branches, the distance
between transport pockets should not exceed 25 meters.
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User Manual
=
!"
of pipe, installation of the rodding points can occur in connection with transport pockets.
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User Manual
4.4.2 Bends
>
?
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minimum radius is to be 2 x D, or a 90o bend
made of two 45o bend pieces.
4.4.3 Branches
Connecting of pipes is to be made at a maximum be connected to horizontal main pipes from
angle of 45 in the direction of transport. T-pipes above. Branch pipes are always to be connected
are not to be used. Branch pipes are always to to vertical main pipes at an angle of 45.
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User Manual
5
Design and Installation Guidelines-
TM
Sanitary Systems
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User Manual
NOTE
Important to remember:
*Trim of the ship.
*Total length of the pipe branch.
* Slope.
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User Manual
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User Manual
If a downward layout of outlet pipes from the toilets is not possible, each toilet may be connected
to horizontal pipes in the ceiling. If this solution is chosen, correct layout of the vacuum piping is
vital.
It is preferable that vacuum pipes be mounted with a slope between the transport pockets in the
At transverse sections of vacuum piping, transport pocket just after such a bend to collect
distance between transport pockets should be \
X
considered separately. Even for large vessels, speed at the next straight section. When several
length of transverse sections may require bends are located close to each other, a trans-
reduced distance between transport pockets. port pocket should be located just after the last
Bends in pipe lines will always obstruct the
"
"
]
to install transport pockets just after branch
accumulation of sewage just after the bend.
.
It is therefore recommended to install a
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User Manual
NOTE
Bends are not allowed on rising pipes.
If there is an obstruction behind the toilet, the rising pipe can be a maximum of 1500mm from the toilet.
A transport pocket must be located just before the rising pipe.
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User Manual
5.2.2 Gooseneck
minimum height of 3 x the diameter of the pipe.
The rising pipe from a toilet must never be connected to a point on a horizontal branch pipe that may
!
The reason for this is that in case of low vacuum in the horizontal branch pipes, water may be sucked
In corridors where rising pipes from toilets on both sides are connected to a common branch pipe, the
rising pipe should go as high up as possible and then point downwards towards the branch pipe.
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User Manual
Horizontal branch pipes between overlaying decks and paneleds ceiling are to be placed as close
to the paneled ceiling as possible, i.e. transport pockets are to form lower boundary layers towards
the ceiling. In this way, maximum space for the gooseneck in the joint between the rising pipe from
toilet to the horizontal pipe is obtained.
The number of toilets connected to branches and For collecting pipes exceeding 25 toilet connec-
collecting pipes will decide the pipe dimension. tions, DN 65 is used.
The most commonly used dimension for pipes Important note: rising pipes with vacuum transport
from toilets, and also from branches is DN50 for from lower to higher levels must never be installed
multiple toilets (up to 20- 25 toilets). with transitions to larger dimensions of pipe.
Correct
Incorrect
The reason for this is that larger dimensions of pipe create less speed of air and consequently
slower transport and shorter distances of transport. The consequences of this are increased risk of
%
\
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User Manual
TM
Sanitary
Sanittary ssystems
ystems
-mmade
a d e tto
opplease
lease
le
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User Manual
6
General Piping Installation
Guidelines
TM
Sanitary Systems
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User Manual
*#X
X
should be as short as possible.
*The distance between the toilet outlet
and the pipe system must not exceed
70% of the total length of the hose.
*X
hose clamps.
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User Manual
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User Manual
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NOTE
*Plastic pipes do not resist temperatures above 60o C under vacuum conditions.
*Steel pipes are to be galvanized.
*=
!
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User Manual
TM
Sanitary
Sanittary ssystems
ystems
-mmade
a d e tto
opplease
lease
le
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User Manual
7
Descaling and Cleaning
of
Vacuum Sewage Pipelines
TM
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User Manual
4 Strong acid treatment is recommended to remove extremely severe scale build-up. This requires
that the toilets be disconnected and the pipes plugged ( can be carried out in the repair yard ).
a Fill up the pipe line with a liquid mixture of phosphoric acid and water ( 10% acid and 90% water).
b Arrange circulation of the mixture if possible. Keep the circulation running for 24 hours
The Jets descaling programmes allow running toilets during processes 1-3. It is therefore not
necessary to disconnect the toilets or plug the pipes during the descaling process.
1 Manual dosing: Poor the Jets descaling liquid directly into the toilets according to Jets
recommended dosing program.
$
Z~
!\
\
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User Manual
!
solutions. For our boosting program, special pumps, parts and tools are required. If desired, Jets AS can arrange
training courses for maintenance personnel.
The optimal effect of JetsTM Descale is obtained by dosing so as to ensure that the cleansing agent remains
in the pipes for as long as possible. Applying Descale directly into the toilet should be carried out at times when
toilet use is infrequent (e.g. at night). By applying a dosing unit, the effects of JetsTM Descale are optimized.
By dosing a small amount once every hour the effect is maximized.
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7.2.1 Dosing directly into the main branch via an automatic dosing unit.
Determine the number of toilets covered by the dosing unit.
Calculate 1cl. Jets Descale per. toilet twice during 24 hours.
If the dosing unit covers 50 toilets this will be 50cl.
( liter) x 2 = 1 liter per 24 hours.
In principle you may now set the dosing for 24 hours as often as
desired.
E.g. 1dl 10 times per 24 hours or 4,2cl. every hour or 0,5 liter
twice per 24 hours. As many small dosages will be most
efficient, we recommend 4,2cl. per hour.
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