Three Generator Working Parallel: Kukuh Daud Pribadi 15/330009/PTK/39203

Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
Three Generator Working Parallel
Circuit of 3 generator working parallel with resistive load
A. Normal condition (same voltage; same frequency; same phase)

In this initial condition, system have 3 generators working parallel with voltage amplitude
is 10 kV, frequency is 50 Hz, and phase angle is -90 for each generator. Output voltage and
output current of generator can be seen in the figure below. Can be seen that the shape of
voltage wave for each generator is the same with amplitude 10 kV and the shape of current
wave is also the same with current amplitude 0,90917 A.
10.0
[kV]
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
-7.5
-10.0
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
(file 3gen.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0001 v:XX0009 v:XX0017
Figure 1. Source voltage

To calculate output current of the generators, voltage and current that through to the load,
we can use 2nd Kirchhoff law.
+ = 0
Equivalent circuit of 3 generator and their load can be seen in the figure below.
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
Loop I Loop II Loop III
Figure 2. Equivalet circuit

From the circuit equivalent above, we can get the equation below:
10000 + 20001 20002 + 10000 = 0
10000 + 20002 20003 + 10000 = 0
10000 + 20003 + 3000 = 0
= 1 + 2 + 3
By using elimination and substitution procedure, we can get the value of I, I1, I2, and I3.
= 2,7273
1 = 0,9091
2 = 0,9091
3 = 0,9091
The current that flow through the load is the result of summation of current output from
3 generators. The source voltage is the summation of load voltage and voltage drop in
transmission line, so the load voltage can be calculated by using the equation below:
= +
10000 = + 0,9091 2000
= 8181,8
The shape of voltage wave and current wave on the load can be seen in the figure below.
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
1.00
[A]
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
-0.50
-0.75
-1.00
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
(file 3gen.pl4; x-var t) c:XX0004-XX0005 c:XX0012-XX0013 c:XX0020-XX0021
Figure 3. Source current

9000
[V]
6000
3000
-3000
-6000
-9000
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
(file 3gen.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0008
Figure 4. Load voltage

3
[A]
-1
-2
-3
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
(file 3gen.pl4; x-var t) c:XX0008-XX0025
Figure 5. Load current

Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
B. Condition I (different voltage; same frequency; same phase)

In this condition, system have 3 generators working parallel with voltage amplitude of 1st
generator is 7,5 kV, voltage amplitude of 2nd and 3rd generator is 10 kV, frequency is 50 Hz,
and phase angle is -90 for each generator. Output voltage and output current of generator can
be seen in the figure below. Can be seen in the figure that the shape of voltage wave for 2nd
and 3rd generator is the same with amplitude 10 kV but for 1st generator the amplitude is 7,5
kV. The current wave of 1st generator has amplitude of 7,159*10-5 A and the amplitude for 2nd
and 3rd generator is 1,2501 A.
10.0
[kV]
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
-7.5
-10.0
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20

7500 + 20001 20002 + 10000 = 0
10000 + 20002 20003 + 10000 = 0
10000 + 20003 + 3000 = 0
= 1 + 2 + 3
= 2,5
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
1 = 0
2 = 1,25
3 = 1,25
1 = + 1 1
7500 = + 0 2000
= 7500
Or
2 = + 2 2
10000 = + 1,25 2000
= 7500
Or
3 = + 3 3
10000 = + 1,25 2000
= 7500
1.5
[A]
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20

Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
8000
[V]
6000
4000
2000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
[A]
-1
-2
-3
0 4 8 12 16 [ms] 20
C. Condition II (different frequency same voltage; same phase)

In this condition, system have 3 generators working parallel with frequency of 1st
generator is 60 Hz, frequency of 2nd and 3rd generator is 50 Hz, voltage amplitude is 10 kV,
and phase angle is -90 for each generator. Output voltage and output current of generator can
be seen in the figure below. Can be seen in the figure that the shape of voltage wave for 2nd
and 3rd generator is the same with amplitude 10 kV and frequency 50 Hz but for 1st generator
the frequency is 60 Hz and amplitude is 10 kV. The shape of current wave of 1st generator is
different with current wave of 2nd and 3rd generator. The shape of current wave of the 3
generators are not sinusoidal because there is a differentiation in the frequency.
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
10.0
[kV]
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
-7.5
-10.0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10


10000cos(120 ) + 20001 20002 + 10000cos(100 ) = 0
2 2

10000cos(100 ) + 20002 20003 + 10000cos(100 ) = 0
2 2

10000cos(100 ) + 20003 + 3000 = 0
2
= 1 + 2 + 3

40000 (120 2 ) 30000 (100 2)
1 =
11

25000 (100 2 ) 15000 (120 2)
2 =
11

25000 (100 2 ) 15000 (120 2)
3 =
11
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203

10000 (120 2 ) + 20000 (100 2)
=
11
For t= 0,045551 s
1 = 6302,2994891459894
2 = 3594,6813889580317
3 = 3594,6813889580317
= 887,0632887700738
= +
7.00
[A]
5.25
3.50
1.75
0.00
-1.75
-3.50
-5.25
-7.00
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10

Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
9000
[V]
6000
3000
-3000
-6000
-9000
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10
[A]
-1
-2
-3
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10
D. Condition III (different phase; same voltage; same frequency)

In this condition, system have 3 generators working parallel with phase angle of 1st
generator is 0, phase angle of 2nd and 3rd generator is -90, voltage amplitude is 10 kV, and
frequency is 50 Hz for each generator. Output voltage and output current of generator can be
seen in the figure below. Can be seen in the figure that the shape of voltage wave for 1st, 2nd
and 3rd generator is the same with amplitude 10 kV and frequency 50 Hz but between 1st
generator and 2nd generator there is a different of phase angle about 90, also between 1st
generator and 3rd generator there is a different of phase angle about 90. The shape of current
wave of 1st generator is different with current wave of 2nd and 3rd generator. The shape of
current wave of the 3 generators are still sinusoidal but with different amplitude and phase
angle.
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
10.0
[kV]
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
-7.5
-10.0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10


10000cos(100) + 20001 20002 + 10000cos(100 ) = 0
2

10000cos(100 ) + 20002 20003 + 10000cos(100 ) = 0
2 2

10000cos(100 ) + 20003 + 3000 = 0
2
= 1 + 2 + 3

30 (100 2) + 40 (100 )
1 =
11

25cos (100 2 ) 15cos(100)
2 =
11
Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203

25cos (100 2 ) 15cos(100)
3 =
11

20cos (100 2 ) + 10cos(100)
=
11
For t= 0,037924 s
1 = 4,5452827797275
2 = 2,4631461176395
3 = 2,4631461176395
= 0.3810094555516
= +
5.00
[A]
3.75
2.50
1.25
0.00
-1.25
-2.50
-3.75
-5.00
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10

Kukuh Daud Pribadi
15/330009/PTK/39203
7000
[V]
5250
3500
1750
-1750
-3500
-5250
-7000
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10
2.500
[A]
1.875
1.250
0.625
0.000
-0.625
-1.250
-1.875
-2.500
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 [s] 0.10
Conclusion
The results of the simulation show that when the amplitude is different, the generator with
different amplitude cannot send the power to the load. We can conclude that if we want the three
generator supply the power to the load, the voltage amplitude should be the same.
Then, when the frequency is different, voltage and current that flow through to the load. If this
kind of phenomena happen, the load cannot work properly and probably it will be damage.
And then, when the phase angle is different, voltage and current in the load has different phase
angle reference and the current is smaller than the desired current. If this phenomena happen,
transfer power from the source to the load are not optimum.
So we can conclude that, three generator (or more) in parallel can work properly and supply
voltage and current to the load as desired if the characteristics below are fulfilled:
Voltage amplitude is the same
Frequency is the same
Phase angle is the same
Phase sequence is the same (for 3-phase generator)

Three Generator Working Parallel: Kukuh Daud Pribadi 15/330009/PTK/39203

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Kukuh Daud Pribadi

Three Generator Working Parallel

Circuit of 3 generator working parallel with resistive load

A. Normal condition (same voltage; same frequency; same phase)

Figure 1. Source voltage

Loop I Loop II Loop III

Figure 2. Equivalet circuit

Figure 3. Source current

Figure 4. Load voltage

Figure 5. Load current

B. Condition I (different voltage; same frequency; same phase)

Figure 6. Source voltage

Loop I Loop II Loop III

Figure 7. Equivalet circuit

Figure 8. Source current

Figure 9. Load voltage

Figure 10. Load current

C. Condition II (different frequency same voltage; same phase)

Figure 11. Source voltage

Loop I Loop II Loop III

Figure 12. Equivalet circuit

Figure 13. Source current

Figure 14. Load voltage

Figure 15. Load current

D. Condition III (different phase; same voltage; same frequency)

Figure 16. Source voltage

Loop I Loop II Loop III

Figure 17. Equivalet circuit

Figure 18. Source current

Figure 19. Load voltage

Figure 20. Load current

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