Report Text about Snake (5)

Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes

that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and
external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates
covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several
more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much
larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws. To accommodate their
narrow bodies, snakes paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of
the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.
Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side
of the cloaca.

Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most
smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland
and New Zealand, and many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific.
Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific
Oceans. More than 20 families are currently recognized, comprising about 500
genera and about 3,400 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10 cm-long
thread snake to the reticulated python of up to 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length.
The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 13 meters (43 ft) long. Snakes
are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps
during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between
143 and 167 Ma ago.The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the
Paleocene period (c 66 to 56 Ma ago). The oldest preserved descriptions of
snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus.
Arti

Ular merupakan reptil yang memanjang, legless, karnivora dari subordo

Serpentes yang dapat dibedakan dari kadal legless oleh kurangnya kelopak
mata dan telinga luar. Seperti semua squamates, ular ectothermic, amniote
vertebrata tercakup dalam skala yang tumpang tindih. Banyak spesies ular
memiliki tengkorak dengan beberapa sendi lain dari leluhurnya kadal,
memungkinkan mereka untuk menelan mangsa yang jauh lebih besar
daripada kepala mereka dengan jaws sangat mobile mereka. Untuk
mengakomodasi tubuh mereka sempit, ular organ-organ berpasangan (seperti
ginjal) muncul satu di depan yang lain bukan berdampingan, dan sebagian
besar memiliki hanya satu fungsional paru. Beberapa spesies
mempertahankan panggul ikat pinggang dengan sepasang vestigial cakar di
kedua sisi kloaka.

Hidup ular yang ditemukan di setiap benua kecuali Antartika, dan pada
sebagian kecil massa tanah; pengecualian ini mencakup beberapa pulau besar,
seperti Irlandia dan Selandia Baru, dan pulau-pulau kecil banyak Atlantic dan
tengah Pasifik. Selain itu, ular laut tersebar di seluruh Samudra Hindia dan
Pasifik. Lebih dari 20 keluarga saat ini diakui, terdiri dari sekitar 500 genera
dan spesies sekitar 3.400. Berbagai ukuran dari kecil, 10 cm panjang benang
ular desis ular piton hingga 6.95 meter (22.8 kaki) panjangnya. Spesies fosil
Titanoboa cerrejonensis adalah 13 meter (43 ft). Ular dianggap telah
berevolusi dari kadal baik menggali atau air, mungkin selama masa Jurassic,
dengan fosil yang diketahui awal dating ke antara 143 dan 167 Ma yang lalu.
Keragaman modern ular muncul selama periode Paleosen (c 6656 Ma yang
lalu). Deskripsi tertua diawetkan ular dapat ditemukan dalam Brooklyn
Papyrus.
basic Facts About Snakes
Diet

Snakes consume a variety of items including termites, rodents, birds, frogs, small deer and other
reptiles. Snakes eat their prey whole and are able to consume prey three times larger than the
diameter of their head because their lower jaw can separate from the upper jaw. To keep prey
from escaping, snakes have rear-facing teeth that hold their prey in their mouths.

Venomous snakes inject their prey with venom, while constrictors squeeze their prey. They do
not need to hunt everyday. Anacondas and pythons can survive for up to a year without food
after feeding. Snakes hunt mostly at night.

Range

Snakes are found throughout the world except Antarctica, Iceland, Ireland, Greenland and New
Zealand. Most snakes are found in tropical regions. Snakes are found in many habitats including
in the water, forests, deserts and prairies.

Behavior

Often observed flicking its tongue, snakes use their forked tongue to smell the air. Snakes are
ectotherms, meaning they must regulate their body temperature externally by sunning themselves
or retreating to cool, shaded areas. Snakes hibernate during the winter. Snakes must shed their
skin three to six times per year.

Reproduction
Most snake species lay eggs, but some species give birth to live young. Snakes lay their eggs
in a warm location. With the exception of some python species, eggs and young are not
cared for by the male or female.

habitat
Snakes are one of the most successful reptiles in the world. In mountains, forests, deserts,
lowlands, agricultural land, settlement neighborhoods, to the ocean, snakes can be found.
Live snake species live in the tropics, cold buffer, can not be found in certain places such as
the top of the mountain and snow or polar regions. Snakes also can not be found in the
regions of Ireland, New Zealand, Greenland, isolated islands in the Pacific such as Hawaii,
and the Atlantic Ocean.

There are many types of snakes that live all the time in the trees and almost never step on
the ground. Many other species live on the ground or infiltrate under litter or stones. There
are also snakes that live in rivers, swamps, lakes, and seas.
Arti - Fakta Dasar Tentang Ular

Diet
Ular mengkonsumsi berbagai macam item termasuk rayap, tikus, burung, katak, rusa kecil
dan reptil lainnya. Ular memakan mangsa mereka dan mampu mengonsumsi mangsa tiga
kali lebih besar dari diameter kepala mereka karena rahang bawahnya bisa terpisah dari
rahang atas. Untuk mencegah mangsa, ular memiliki gigi yang menghadap ke belakang
yang menahan mangsanya di mulut mereka.
Ular berbisa menyuntikkan mangsanya dengan racun, sementara pembatas memeras
mangsanya. Mereka tidak perlu berburu setiap hari. Anacondas dan ular piton dapat
bertahan hingga satu tahun tanpa makanan setelah diberi makan. Ular berburu
kebanyakan di malam hari.

Jarak
Ular ditemukan di seluruh dunia kecuali Antartika, Islandia, Irlandia, Greenland dan
Selandia Baru. Sebagian besar ular ditemukan di daerah tropis. Ular ditemukan di banyak
habitat termasuk di perairan, hutan, padang pasir dan padang rumput.

Tingkah laku
Sering diamati menjentikkan lidahnya, ular menggunakan lidah bercabang mereka untuk
mencium udara. Ular adalah ectotherms, artinya mereka harus mengatur suhu tubuh
mereka secara eksternal dengan cara menjemur diri atau mundur ke daerah yang teduh
dan teduh. Ular hibernate selama musim dingin. Ular harus menumpahkan kulit mereka
tiga sampai enam kali per tahun.

Reproduksi
Sebagian besar spesies ular bertelur, namun beberapa spesies melahirkan hidup muda.
Ular bertelur di lokasi yang hangat. Kecuali beberapa spesies python, telur dan anak muda
tidak diperhatikan oleh pria atau wanita.

habitat

Ular merupakan salah satu reptilia yang paling sukses berkembang di dunia. Di gunung,
hutan, gurun, dataran rendah, lahan pertanian, lingkungan pemukiman, sampai ke lautan,
dapat ditemukan ular. Hidup spesies ular hidup di daerah tropis, penyangga dingin, tidak
bisa ditemui di tempat-tempat tertentu seperti di puncak gunung dan daerah padang salju
atau kutub. Ular juga tidak bisa ditemui di daerah Irlandia, Selandia Baru, Greenland, pulau-
pulau terisolasi di Pasifik seperti Hawaii, dan Samudera Atlantik.

Banyak jenis-jenis ular yang sepanjang hidup berkelana di pepohonan dan hampir tak
pernah menginjak tanah. Banyak jenis yang lain hidup melata di atas permukaan tanah
atau menyusup-nyusup di bawah serasah atau penuh bebatuan. Ada juga ular yang hidup
di sungai, rawa, danau, dan laut.