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InductionHeatApplications PDF
InductionHeatApplications PDF
ABSTRACT
Induction heating is a well-known output-power control capability. For example, in
technique to produce very high temperature for pulse-frequency modulation (PFM), the output
applications. A large number of topologies have power can be controlled by varying the switching
been developed in this area such as voltage and frequency while the inverter operates under zero-
current source inverter. Recent developments in voltage switching (ZVS) scheme The pulse-density
switching schemes and control methods have made modulation method regulates the output power by
the voltage-source resonant inverters widely used varying the period in which the inverter supplies high-
frequency current to the induction coil. The phase-shift
in several applications that require output power
(PS) control technique in [8] varies the output power
control. The series-resonant inverter needs an
by shifting the phase of the switch conduction
output transformer for matching the output power
sequences. The asymmetrical duty-cycle control
to the load but it carry high current as a result
technique employs an unequal duty-cycle operation of
additional real power loss is occur and overall the switches in the converter . The asymmetrical
efficiency also is reduced. This project proposes a voltage-cancellation (AVC) is then proposed in where
high efficiency LLC resonant inverter for induction the authors describe voltage-cancellation for
heating applications by using asymmetrical voltage conventional fixed-frequency control strategies. In ,
cancellation control .The proposed control method the AVC is implemented in a full-bridge series-
is implemented in a full-bridge topology for resonant inverter. The series-resonant inverter needs
induction heating application. The output power is an output transformer for matching the output power
controlled using the asymmetrical voltage to the load. Most induction-heating applications
cancellation technique. The LLC resonant tank is require accuracy in output-power control capability.
designed without the use of output transformer. For example, cooking appliances require accurate
This results in an increase of the net efficiency of power control over a wide range of power for different
the induction heating system. The circuit is cooking purposes where a ZVS condition must be met
simulated using MATLAB .The circuit is to ensure high efficiency . By using the mentioned
implemented using PIC controller. Both simulation techniques in fixed frequency and the optimum duty
and hardware results are compared. cycle for ZVS operation, it is rather difficult to control
Index TermsAsymmetrical control, induction the output power due to variation of parameters in the
heating, zero-voltage switching (ZVS). resonant load during the heating process. In high
temperature applications, a high current must flow in
1) INTRODUCTION the surface of the metal for heating effect. The series-
INDUCTION heating is a well-known resonant inverter may need a transformer for matching
technique to produce very high temperature for the output power and high current in the induction
applications like steel melting, brazing, and surface coil. Previous work has shown that an LLC
hardening. In each application, an appropriate configuration can offer a better performance than the
frequency must be used depending on the work series resonant while providing short-circuit immunity
piece geometry and skin-depth requirements. In and lower current on the transformers secondary
general, the induction-heating technique requires Note that the closed-loop PFM method presented in
high-frequency current supply that is capable of may sacrifice the efficiency due to switching losses at
inducing high-frequency eddy current in the work high-frequency operation. However, the LLC resonant
piece that results in the heating effect A large number load offers better performance with high-quality factor
of topologies have been developed in this area. (Q > 30) and only requires a small series inductance in
Current-fed and voltage-fed inverters are among the circuit configuration. This implies that the output
the most commonly used types . Recent transformer can be omitted. The disadvantage of the
developments in switching schemes and control LLC resonant load is that the output current may no
methods have made the voltage-source resonant longer be sinusoid in the case of low Q (Q < 10) . The
invert-ers to be widely used in applications that require current in the induction coil is unavoidably small and
66 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
distorted. Therefore, system efficiency is a price to
pay. II. FULL-BRIDGE LLC RESONANT
In this paper, an improved LLC resonant inverter with INVERTER
asym-metrical control technique is proposed. The aim A. Circuit Description
is to control the output power for high-temperature Fig. 1 shows an LLC resonant inverter
applications including steel melting, brazing, and configuration for induction-heating applications. The
hardening, where the load parameters and resonant inverter consists of four switches with antiparallel
frequency vary substantially throughout the system diodes, a resonant capacitor (Cp), a series inductor (Ls),
operation. The operating frequency is controlled using and an induction coil that comprises a series
phase-locked loop to track for the resonant frequency. combination of a resistor (Req) and an induction coil
inductor (Lcoil) [27], [28]. A dc blocking capacitor (Cb)
The output power is controlled by adjusting the switch is inserted in series with the transformer primary. The
duty cycle equivalent circuit of the full-bridge LLC inverter
system in Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 2 where the input
voltage can be viewed as an asymmetrical ac voltage
supplied to the system. With a negligible value of Cb,
it is noted that capacitor C, inductor L, and resistor R
represent the equivalent capacitor Cp, inductor Lcoil,
and resistor Req referred to the primary side of the
transformer, respectively. The stray capacitance of
MOSFET switching device S1, S2, S3, and S4 are
denoted as Coss1, Coss2, Coss3, and Coss4, respectively.
Fig. 1. Full-bridge LLC resonant inverter. The total impedance of the asymmetrical voltage
source (vo) is denoted by Ztotal. The current is and io are
the input and output currents, respectively.
B. Modes of Operation
As shown in Fig. 3, eight modes of operation
exist within one switching cycle when the stray
capacitances are taken into account. The
corresponding waveforms and circuit topology for
each mode of operation are shown in Fig. 3(a) and (b),
respectively. The analysis is as follows.
6) switches are off simultaneously. A part of positive current is flows through the antiparallel
67 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
diode D3 and Coss2. At the same time, the charge through the stray capacitors Coss1, Coss2, Coss3,
in capacitor Coss2 decreases, whereas the charge and Coss4. The charges in Coss1 and Coss4
in capacitor Coss1 increases. In this operation, decrease, while the charges in Coss2 and Coss3
the output voltage vo changes from zero to Vdc. increase. At this point, the full cycle of
7) Mode 4 (t 3t4): At t = t 3, switch S1 is already operation is accomplished. In this operation, vo
turned off. Similar to that in Mode 1, diode D2 changes from Vdc to +Vdc. The next operating
starts conducting positive input current is cycle continues, repeating from Modes 1 to 5 .
together with diode D3. After the switch dead
time, switch S2 receives a positive gating signal.
In many cases, the stray capacitance may be
The shifted angle is from t2 to the moment
neglected, and the modes of operation for one
switch S2 is on.
8) Mode 5 (t4t5): At t = t4, when the antiparallel switching period are reduced to five modes (i.e.,
diodes D2 and D3 are off, switches S2 and S3, modes 1 2 3 4 5).
which already received positive gating signals, Note that in this paper, it is assumed that the charging
conduct, and the ZVS operation is achieved. time of the stray capacitor (tcoss) is smaller than the
During this mode, the current is becomes
negative. switchs dead time.
9) Mode 5 (t5t 5): At t = t5, after switches S2 and
S3 are turned off, the negative current is flows
68 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
III. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
A. Analysis of the Output Power
The steady-state analysis of the full-bridge LLC
inverter is based on the following assumptions.
1) All circuit components are ideal.
2) The dc input voltage VDC is constant.
3) The effects of stray capacitance are neglected.
From Figs. 2 and 3, the relationship between the load
voltage(i.e., the capacitor voltage vc) and the inverter
output voltage(vo) is given as Fig. 4. Output power versus and the average output
power at the load (P) can be obtained
69 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
Circuit parameters
70 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
Simulation results
IV. Simulation:
PARAMETER PARAMETER VALUE
EXPANDED
71 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
OPEN LOOPSIMULATION CIRCUIT DIGRAM
Discrete,
Ts = 1e-007 s.
pow ergui
i
+ Scope11
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D
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i
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i
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i
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i
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Fig:14 Vo and Is
Fig:15 Vo and Is
72 | P a g e
Sreenivas Peram, Vaddi Ramesh, J.Sri Ranganayakulu / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January-February 2013, pp.066-073
Asymmetrical Voltage-Cancellation Control
2009 IEEE
2. Chudjuarjeen, S. and Koompai, C., 2008,
Asymmetrical control with Phase Lock
Loop for Induction Cooking Appliances,
ECTICONFERENCE 2008 pp. 1013-1016
3. J. M. Burdio, L. A. Barragan, F. Monterde,
D. Navarro, and J. Acero,Asymmetrical
voltage-cancelation control for full-bridge
series resonant inverters, IEEE Trans.
Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 461469,
Mar.2004.
Fig:16Vc &Io 4. J.Acero, J. M. Burdo, L. A.
Barragan,D.Navarro, R.Alonso, J. R. Garcia,
F. Monterde, P. Hernandez, S. Llorente, and
I. Garde, The domestic induction heating
appliance: An overview of recent research,
in Proc. Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo.,
2008, pp. 651657.
5. C. N. Park, D. Lee, and D. Hyun, A power-
control scheme with constant switching
frequency in class-D inverter for induction-
heating jar application, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 12521260,
Jun.2007.
Fig:17 Vs4&Is4 6. J. M. Burdio, L. A. Barragan, F. Monterde,
D. Navarro, and J. Acero,Asymmetrical
V .CONCLUSION voltage-cancelation control for full-bridge
In this project, an improved full bridge LLC series resonant inverters, IEEE Trans.
Resonant inverter topology for induction heating Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 461469,
application had been done. And also full bridge LLC Mar.2004.
Resonant inverter has simulated for various % of loads 7. Power Electronics, Muhammad Rashid
and also LLC Resonant inverter hardware is 8. Power Electronics, B.C. Sen
implemented for induction heating applications by 9. www.ieee.org
using iron material at load side and also it is observed 10. www.mathwork.com
that iron material gets heated up by an induction
principle whenever the supply is given.It can be
concluded that the following are the advantagesof this
project.
1.Harmonics are welcomed in this project.
2.It can be implemented for both symmetric control
and asymmetric control.
FUTURE SCOPE:
1. It can be implemented for dielectric heating.
2. Closed loop can be implemented using fuzzy
control or ANN control.
3. It can be implemented for RF lightning
References:
1. Saichol Chudjuarjeen, Anawach Sangswang,
and Chayant Koompai LLC Resonant
Inverter for Induction Heating with
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