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General LNG Process
General LNG Process
LNG PROCESS
Juni Trihardiyanto
1
SHE-Q MOMENT
2
Our Scope
LNG Introduction
LNG Processing
3
LNG MAPPING
Muara
Badak-Bontang:
57
KM
4
Pipelines
4
BADAK LNG - BONTANG
Facilities Unit
LNG Train 8
LNG Tank 6
LPG Tank 5
Boiler 21
Power Generator 15
5
Infrastructure of Natural Gas
6
LNG value chain
7
LNG VALUE CHAIN
8
Natural
Gas
Transportation
9
What is LNG??
10
LNG properties
11
Feed Gas Composition
component % mol
N2 0.08
CO2 5.53
C1 83.25
C2 5.21
C3 3.48
iC4 0.72
nC4 0.82
iC5 0.26
nC5 0.17
C6+ 0.44
H2S 5 ppm
12
LNG Product Composition
Component (%-mol)
N2 0.02
CO2 0.00
C1 91.14
C2 5.48
C3 2.32
iC4 0.52
nC4 0.51
iC5 0.01
P(mmH2O) 800
T(oC) -162
13
LPG Product Composition
PROPANE BUTANE
14
Typical LNG Process Block Diagram
15
LNG Process Principle Block Diagram
Simplified block diagram of LNG process
PLANT-4
REFRIGERANT
C3 Liq SYSTEM MCR Vap
PROPANE MCR
- 156C
H2O Hg C C C C
2 3 4 5
10
16
LNG PROCESSING
plant 2 plant 3 plant 5
plant 1
plant 4
17
CO2 and H2S Removal Unit
CO 2 to
ATM
TO DRIER
CARBON
TREATER
Ovhd.Acc.
Ovhd.Acc
OVHD OVHD TO CO 2
COOLER COOLER COMPRES.
MECH
FILTER
SURGE
TANK
BFW
Reflux
Regenerator
Pump
Circulating
CO 2 Absorber
1D-3
Pump
Hot Oil
FEED FLASH
DRUM REBOILER
GAS
FIN FAN
COOLER CROSS
BOOSTER EXCHANGER
TO FUEL GAS
BURN PIT
Ian
18
Plant 1-CO2 and H2S Removal
19
H2O and Hg removal unit
FEED GAS
TO 4E-12/13
4E-10
2KV-2
2KV-6
2KV-13
TO FUEL GAS
C3
2KV-3 2KV-7 2KV-14
2C-1
2KV-10
2C-2A 2C-2B 2C-2C 2C-4 2E-3
2C-3
2K-2
2KV-5
2KV-9
2KV-16
2KV-4 2KV-8 2KV-15
2Y-1B
850#Steam
TO CO2
2KV-12
2E-7 ABSORBER
2Y-1A
2FIC-3 2KV-11
COND.PLANT
BURN PIT
Ian
20
Plant 2 - H20 and Hg Removal Unit
Avoid Water freezing at Cryogenic Processing
Avoid corrosion in pipe line
Remove to less 0.5 ppm
Adsorption Process
Hg Adsorbent with sulfur SiAC
21
Fractionation Unit
C3 LPG to 5E-2
TO 5E-1
3E-18
3E-17 steam
3E-7 3E-9
3C-2 3E-5
FEED
GAS
3C-1 3G-2 3G-6 3G-7
Plt#20
3G-1
0
3E-8
3E-1
3E-4 3E-6 Cond.Plant
3E-10 3G-11
3G-5 Reinjection
C3 to Storage
C2 to Storage
Ian
22
Plant 3 - Fractionation Unit
23
Refrigeration Unit
PLANT -4
PROPANE REFRIGERANT UNIT
LOW LEVEL MED LEVEL HIGH LEVEL
PROPANE EVAP. PROPANE EVAP. PROPANE EVAP.
4C-12
4E-1 4K-1
4E-10
MAKE-UP 4E-2
F/G
4C-4 4C-3 4C-2
4C-1
4E-7
MCR
4E-9 4E-8
MCR
3C-10 MCR
to 5E-1
Ian
303
24
Plant 4 - Refrigeration
Propane Refrigeration
The function is to cool feed gas and MCR to -32 oC.
The refrigerant is propane at three level pressure
Operation system is based on balancing heat load demands of the three level
refrigerant systems
The propane is compressed and circulated by propane compressor (steam
turbine driver)
MCR Composition (%-mole)
N2 3-4
C1 42-44
C2 46-48
C3 6-8
25
Propane Refrigeration Step
Pressure Level
High Medium Low
Operation
7.7 3.8 1.06
Pressure
Propane
17.2 -6.7 -39
Temperature
Feed gas
19 -5.3 -35
Temperature
4E-9
4E-7 4E-8
Equipment 4E-13
4E-10 4E-12
4E-14
26
Refrigeration Cycles
Air Laut
45oC
Kondensor
Kompresor Ekspansi
Siklus
Refrigerasi
Propane
Evaporator
-35oC
Kondensor
Kompresor
Siklus Ekspansi
Refrigerasi
MCR
Evaporator
Derime
Fuel Gas
C3 to Stg
2E-2
5E-2
2K-1
5C-2 5C-1
Feed Gas
Injection 4C-8
4C-7
LNG to Stg
MCR Make-up
5G-1
Ian
28
Plant 5 - Liquefaction Unit
MCR Refrigeration
The function is to cool and to liquefy feed gas to LNG until -162 oC
The MCR is compressed and circulated two stage compressor (steam turbine driver)
The function is to cool feed gas and to liquefy to LNG at -150 oC.
The multi component refrigerant (MCR) consist of:
N2 = 3.06 %-mol
C1 = 41.68 %-mol
C2 = 49.70 %-mol
C3 = 5.14 %-mol
The MCR is compressed and circulated by two suction stage MCR Compressor
(steam turbine driver)
29
Main Heat Exchanger
30
Diameter : 15 mm
1000 1500 miles of tubing
31
LNG and MCR (Multi Component Refrigerant)
LNG MCR
Component Composition % Component Composition %
mol mol
Nitrogen, N2 0.03 Nitrogen, N2 3.67
32
LNG Storage Tank
33
LNG Transportation
Membrane Tank
- Long experience from LNG carriers
- Good track record
- Affected by sloshing
- Filling restrictions
IHI Prismatic
- Only two LNG carriers in Operation
- No filling restrictions
- Extensive internal structural stiffeners
- Prone to structural fatigue
- Questionable if subjected by sloshing
34
LNG Terminal
35
LNG Re-Gasification
Since the re-gasification process and storage conditions are substantially the
same in all the set-ups, they differ mainly in the application of specific technologies
to some pieces of equipment (e.g. storage tank, vaporiser, etc.).
36
LNG Re-Gasification
The LNG is pressurized with the pump in the tank and converted into
natural gas (NG) at atmospheric temperature by the heat exchanger using
sea water.
The NG is sent to thermal power plants and factories though gas pipe
37
LNG and LPG HAZARD
LNG Hazard Characteristics
39
Flammability
40
The LFL concentration is always within the visible vapor cloud
for atmospheric relative humidity greater than 55%
LNG spill on water forms a simultaneously spreading and
evaporating pool; this spreading pool can also sustain a fire
Significant confinement and a long transition distance is
necessary for initiating a detonation in methane-air mixture
Unconfined vapor clouds of methane-air do not explode
Occasionally LNG impacting water will produce a flameless
explosion (called RPT = Rapid Phase Transition)
Carbon steel, in contact with LNG, becomes brittle and loses
its strength
41
LNG Hazard
42
Gases Hazard
43
LPG Hazard
44
If you have:
Pressurized and isolated vessel
Flammable liquid
Heating sources nearby
You have the chance to experience the BLEVE
within 14 minutes* in average.
45
There are 3 common types of BLEVE:
1. Thermally Induced BLEVE
2. Mechanically Induced BLEVE
3. Pressure Induced BLEVE
46
MEXICO , 19-11-1984
47
Mexico 1984
48
Several significant BLEVE accidents are as
follows:
1.Feyzin, France in 1966
2.Kingman, Arizona in 1973
3.San Juan Ixhuatepec, Mexico in 1984
4.Others:
Waverly, Tennessee in 1978
San Carlos, Spain in 1978
Quebec, Canada in 1993
Burnside, Illinois in 1997
Albert City, Iowa in 1998
49
On January 4, 1996
3
Leak in 1200 M Propane sphere
18 killed, 81 injured
BLEVE causes:
Further sphere toppled
Adjacent Petrol Tank caught fire
48 Hours to gain control
50
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Thank you
you