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3D-printed flat lens for microwave applications

Conference Paper November 2015

DOI: 10.1109/LAPC.2015.7366130

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Loughborough University Loughborough University
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Will Whittow
Loughborough University
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 Publications by Dr. Will Whittow

Loughborough University, UK

My publications cover the following topics: Antennas; Wearable Antennas; Specific

Absorption Rate; Metamaterials; 3D-Printing; Artificial Dielectrics; Dielectric Measurements;
Inkjet Printing; RFID tags; Metasurfaces; Lenses

Many of my papers can be freely downloaded from here:

http://publications.lboro.ac.uk/publications/all/collated/elwgw.html

If they are not available, please email me: w.g.whittow@lboro.ac.uk

Journal Papers: [1][53]

Invited Conference Papers: [54][65]

Peer Reviewed Conference Papers: [66][185]

[1] A. Tsolis, A. Paraskevopoulos, A. Alexandridis, W. Whittow, A. Chauraya, and J.

Vardaxoglou, Design, Realisation and Evaluation of a Liquid Hollow Torso Phantom
Appropriate for Wearable Antenna Assessment, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag.,
Apr. 2017.
[2] S. Zhang, A. Chauraya, R. D. Seager, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Non-
Uniform Embroidered Meshed Microstrip Antennas for Wearable Application, IET
Microwaves, Antennas Propag., 2017.
[3] A. Cihangir et al., Dual-Band 4G Eyewear Antenna and SAR Implications, IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 20852089, Apr. 2017.
[4] A. Cihangir, C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, F. Gianesello, and C. Luxey, Ultra-
Broadband Antenna with Robustness to Body Detuning for 4G Eyewear Devices,
IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., pp. 11, 2016.
[5] S. Zhang, R. K. Arya, S. Pandey, Y. Vardaxoglou, W. Whittow, and R. Mittra, 3D-
printed planar graded index lenses, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 10, no.
13, pp. 14111419, Oct. 2016.
[6] S. S. Bukhari, W. G. Whittow, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and S. Maci, Dipole-slot-dipole
metasurfaces, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 13841389,
Oct. 2016.
[7] S. S. Bukhari, W. . Whittow, S. Zhang, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Composite materials
for microwave devices using additive manufacturing, Electron. Lett., vol. 52, no. 10,
pp. 832833, May 2016.
[8] S. Zhang, A. Paraskevopoulos, C. Luxey, J. Pinto, and W. Whittow, Broad-band
embroidered spiral antenna for off-body communications, IET Microwaves, Antennas
Propag., vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 13951401, Oct. 2016.
[9] A. Motevasselian and W. G. Whittow, Miniaturization of Circular Patch Microstrip
Antenna Using an Arc Projection, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., pp. 11, 2016.
[10] D. Segura-Velandia, N. Kaur, W. Whittow, P. Conway, and A. West, Towards
Industrial Internet of Things: Crankshaft Monitoring, Traceability and Tracking Using
RFID, IEEE Internet Things J. Spec. Issue Large-scale Internet Things Theory Pract.,
vol. 41, no. Oct, pp. 6677, 2016.
[11] A. Paraskevopoulos, A. A. Alexandridis, R. D. Seager, J. C. Vardaxoglou, D. de S.
Fonseca, and W. G. Whittow, Higher-mode textile patch antenna with embroidered
vias for on-body communication, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 10, no. 7,
pp. 802807, May 2016.
[12] A. Bisognin et al., Ball Grid Array-Module With Integrated Shaped Lens for WiGig
Applications in Eyewear Devices, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 3, pp.
872882, 2016.
[13] S. Patel, I. J. Garcia-Zuazola, and W. G. Whittow, Antenna with three dimensional
3D printed substrates, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 741744, 2016.
[14] S. I. Yahya, W. G. Whittow, and Y. A. Khaleel, Numerical dosimetry of
CDMA/GSM, DCS/PCS and 3G signal jammers, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag.,
vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 827835, Jun. 2016.
[15] M. Lukic, J. Clarke, C. Tuck, W. Whittow, and G. Wells, Printability of Elastomer
Latex for Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 133, no. 4,
pp. 17, 2016.
[16] A. Cihangir, W. Whittow, F. Panagamuwa, C Jacquemod, G Gianesello, and C. Luxey,
4G antennas for wireless eyewear devices and related SAR, Comptes Rendus Phys.,
vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 836850, 2015.
[17] N. A. Elias, N. A. Samsuri, M. K. A. Rahim, C. Panagamuwa, and W. Whittow,
Bending and crumpling deformation study of the resonant characteristic and SAR for
a 2.4 GHz textile antenna, J. Teknol., vol. 177, no. 10, 2015.
[18] A. Motevasselian and W. G. Whittow, Patch Size Reduction of Rectangular
Microstrip Antennas by Means of a Cuboid Ridge, IET Microwaves, Antennas
Propag., vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 17271732, 2015.
[19] S. S. Bukhari, J. Joubert, W. G. Whittow, and J. (Yiannis) C. Vardaxoglou, Flexible
three-dimensional printed antenna substrates, J. Eng., vol. 3, Jan. 2015.
[20] A. Tsolis, A. Alexandridis, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Connecting
Wearable Textile Transmission Lines: All-Textile Fabrication Solutions and Design
Techniques, Electron. Lett., vol. 51, no. 15, pp. 11361138, 2015.
[21] S. Zhang, C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Novel 3D Printed
Synthetic Dielectric Substrates, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, no. 10, pp.
23442346, 2015.
[22] T. Tuovinen, M. Berg, W. G. Whittow, and E. Salonen, Impact of Feeding Position
on the Performance and Characteristics of Small Wearable On-Ground Antennas,
Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 57, pp. 5360, 2015.
[23] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Microstrip Patch Antennas With
Anisotropic and Diamagnetic Synthetic Heterogeneous Substrates, IEEE Trans
Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 32803285, 2015.
[24] M. H. Mat, F. Malek, W. G. Whittow, and R. J. Bibb, Ear Prosthesis Evaluation:
 Specific Absorption Rate Levels in the Head due to Different Angles and Frequencies
of Electromagnetic Exposure, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 2015.
[25] T. Acti et al., Embroidered Wire Dipole Antennas Using Novel Copper Yarns, IEEE
Antennas Propag. Wirel. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 638641, 2015.
[26] I. J. Garcia-Zuazola et al., Band-pass filter-like antenna validation in an ultra-
wideband in-car wireless channel, IET Commun., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 532540, 2015.
[27] W. M. Wu, C. C. Njoku, W. Whittow, A. Zagoskin, and J. Kusmartsev, F Vardaxoglou,
Studies of permittivity and permeability of dielectric matrix with cuboid metallic
inclusions in different orientations, J. Adv. Dielectr., vol. 4, no. 4, p. 1450032: 1-8,
2014.
[28] A. Tsolis, W. G. Whittow, A. A. Alexandridis, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Embroidery
and related manufacturing techniques for wearable antennas: Challenges and
opportunities, Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 314338, 2014.
[29] W. G. Whittow, L. Yi, R. Torah, K. Yang, S. Beeby, and J. Tudor, Printed frequency
selective surfaces on textiles, Electron. Lett., vol. 50, no. 13, pp. 916917, 2014.
[30] J. Tribe, W. G. Whittow, R. W. Kay, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Additively manufactured
heterogeneous substrates for three-dimensional control of local permittivity, Electron.
Lett., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 745746, 2014.
[31] W. G. Whittow and J. Rigelsford, Performance and Radiation Patterns of Aesthetic
and Asymmetric Logo Based Patch Antennas, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., vol. 28,
no. 7, pp. 848860, 2014.
[32] W. G. Whittow, S. S. Bukhari, L. A. Jones, and I. L. Morrow, Applications and
Future Prospects for Microstrip Antennas using Heterogeneous and Complex 3-D
Geometry Substrates, Prog. Electromagn. Res., vol. 144, pp. 271280, 2014.
[33] W. G. Whittow et al., Inkjet Printed Microstrip Patch Antennas Realised on Textile
for Wearable Applications, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 7174,
2014.
[34] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and (J)Yiannis C Vardaxoglou, Antennas on quasi
synthetic media, Appl. Phys. A, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 605611, May 2014.
[35] A. Cihangir et al., Feasibility study of 4G cellular antennas for eyewear
communicating devices, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 12, no. DOI:
10.1109/LAWP.2013.2287204, pp. 17041707, 2013.
[36] R. D. Seager, A. Chauraya, S. Zhang, W. G. Whittow, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou,
Flexible connectors for fabric based systems, Electron. Lett., vol. 49, no. 22, pp.
1371 1373, 2013.
[37] R. D. Seager et al., Effect of the Fabrication Parameters on the Performance of
Embroidered Antennas, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 7, no. 14, pp. 1174
1181, 2013.
[38] A. Chauraya et al., Inkjet Printed Dipole Antennas on Textiles for Wearable
Communications, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 760 767,
2013.
[39] W. G. Whittow, Antenna Emblems Reshaped as Icons and Aesthetic Logos
 (AERIAL), Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 17111714, 2013.
[40] M. H. Mat, M. Fareq Bin Abd Malek, W. G. Whittow, S. R. Ronald, and M. S. Zulkefl,
The influence of human head model wearing metal-frame spectacles to the changes of
SAR and antenna gain: simulation of frontal face exposure, Prog. Electromagn. Res.,
vol. 137, pp. 453473, 2013.
[41] S. Saremi-Yarahmadi, W. Whittow, and B. Vaidhyanathan, Electromagnetic
simulation studies of microwave assisted heating for the processing of nanostructured
iron oxide for solar driven water splitting, Elsevier Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 275, no. June,
pp. 6570, 2013.
[42] I. J. Garcia-Zuazola et al., Radio frequency IDentification miniature interrogator
antenna sprayed over an in-vehicle chassis, IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol.
6, no. 15, pp. 1674 1680, 2012.
[43] W. G. Whittow, Capacitive coupling of discrete micro-sized gaps for RF applications,
IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 6, no. 13, pp. 14811486, 2012.
[44] W. G. Whittow, Manipulating micro-sized coupling gaps for reconfigurable antenna
applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 24442445, 2012.
[45] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Simulation Methodology for
Synthesis of Antenna Substrates with Micro-scale Inclusions, IEEE Trans Antennas
Propag., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 21942202, 2012.
[46] J. Joubert, J. C. Vardaxoglou, W. G. Whittow, and J. W. Odendaal, CPW-Fed Cavity-
Backed Slot Radiator Loaded with an AMC Reflector, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag.,
vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 735742, 2012.
[47] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou, Effective permittivity of
heterogeneous substrates with cubes in a 3D lattice, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag.
Lett. (Special Issue Metamaterials), vol. 10, pp. 14801483, 2011.
[48] L. Angrisani, K. Kyriakopoulos, A. Napolitano, D. Parish, M. Vadursi, and W.
Whittow, Experimental assessment of the effects of cross-traffic on Wi-Fi video
streaming, Meas., vol. 44, pp. 16611668, 2011.
[49] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, Effects of averaging procedures for electrical
properties at the interface of dissimilar tissues in the human head with finite-difference
time-domain modelling, IET Sci. Meas. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5158, 2009.
[50] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, On the
effects of straight metallic jewellery on the specific absorption rates resulting from
face illuminating radio communications devices at popular cellular frequencies, Phys.
Med. Biol., vol. 53, pp. 11671182, 2008.
[51] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, The
energy absorbed in the human head due to ring type jewelry and face illuminating
mobile phones using a dipole and a realistic source, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 38123817, 2008.
[52] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, Applications of a genetic algorithm for
identification of maxima in specific absorption rates in the human eye close to
perfectly conducting spectacles, IEE Proc. Sci. Meas. Technol., vol. 152, no. 3, pp.
8996, 2005.
[53] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, A study of changes to specific absorption rates in
the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio frequency
range 1.5 to 3.0GHz, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 32073212,
2004.
[54] A. Kaye, S. Kunduruy, N. Chilton, J. C. Vardaxololu, and W. Whittow, Bowtie
Antennas Inkjet Printed on Cylindrical Surfaces, in 2017 IEEE AP-S Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, 2017.
[55] W. G. Whittow, 3D printing, inkjet printing and embroidery techniques for wearable
antennas, in 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP),
2016, pp. 14.
[56] S. Symeonidis, C. Torres-Sanchez, C. Panagamuwa, and W. G. Whittow, An
Implanted Antenna System for the Monitoring of Bioresorbability of a Biocompatible
Scaffold Embedded into a Bone Fracture, in Mobihealth, 2015, pp. 14.
[57] D. Speight, D. Titz, C. Luxey, and W. Whittow, Compact Linear Embroidered
Antenna Research (CLEAR), in 20th IEEE International Workshop on Computer
Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), 2015,
pp. 14.
[58] J. Tribe et al., Tattoo Antenna Temporary Transfers Operating On-Skin (TATTOOS),
in 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2015, pp. 112.
[59] C. C. Njoku, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and W. G. Whittow, Diamagnetism in Materials with
Metallic Inclusions, in European Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP),
2014.
[60] S. S. Bukhari and W. G. Whittow, Flexible 3-D Printed Substrates for Antenna
Applications, in The 34th Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS),
2013, pp. 15.
[61] W. G. Whittow, C. C. Njoku, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Fine Scale Simulations of Patch
Antennas with Heterogeneous Substrates, in IEEE International Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2013.
[62] W. G. Whittow, C. C. Njoku, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Review of Artificial Dielectrics
Containing Small Scale Inclusions, in IEEE International Workshop on Antenna
Technology (IWAT), 2013.
[63] W. G. Whittow, C. C. Njoku, Y. C. Vardaxoglou, and J. Joubert, Designing Multi-
Band and High Bandwidth Antennas with Heterogeneous Substrates, in IEEE
Tropical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications
(APWC), 2012.
[64] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Microwave antennas and
heterogeneous substrates using nanomaterial fabrication techniques (Invited Paper),
in IEEE Tropical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless
Communications (APWC 11), 2011.
[65] J. Tribe, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Batchelor, Aesthetically Enhanced RFID Inkjet
Antenna Logos on Skin (AERIALS), in International Conference on Design, User
Experience, and Usability in the context of HCI International, 2014.
[66] S. Zhang, W. . Whittow, Y. C. Vardaxoglou, and R. Mittra, 3D-Printed Graded Index
 Lens for RF Applications, in Proceedings of ISAP2016, Okinawa, Japan, 2016.
[67] S. Zhang, W. . Whittow, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou, 3D-Printed Fresnel Zone Plate Lens,
in Proceedings of ISAP2016, Okinawa, Japan, 2016.
[68] I. L. Morrow, R. Walker, M. Finnis, and W. Whittow, Investigation of a disk-loaded
monopole antenna with extended bandwidth matching, in 2016 Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2016, pp. 14.
[69] B. Biernacki, S. Zhang, and W. Whittow, 3D Printed Substrates with Graded
Dielectric Properties and Their Application to Patch Antennas, in Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2016.
[70] S. Symeonidis, W. . Whittow, and C. J. Panagamuwa, Characterisation of an Antenna
System Implanted Into a Limb Phantom for Monitoring of Bone Fracture Healing, in
Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2016.
[71] S. Zhang, J. C. Vardaxogllou, W. G. Whittow, and R. Mittra, Artificial Dielectric
Metamaterials for Antenna Applications, in META16, the 7th International
Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, 2016.
[72] S. Zhang, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxolgou, 3D-Printed Metamaterials with
Periodic Metallic Elements, in The 10th International Congress on Advanced
Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and OpticsMetamaterials, 2016.
[73] E. I. Adegoke, R. M. Edwards, W. Whittow, and A. Bindel, Evaluating 2-D grid
interpolation techniques for predicting ambient RF power density in automobile
factories, in 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP),
2016, pp. 14.
[74] E. Adegoke, W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, and A. Bindel, RF Power Density
Measurements for RF Energy Harvesting in Automobile Factories, in Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 15.
[75] E. Adegoke, R. M. Edwards, W. G. Whittow, D. J. Parish, and A. Bindel,
Opportunities for Energy Harvesting in Automobile Factories, in SPIE
Microtechnologies, 2015.
[76] S. Symeonidis, W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, and M. Zecca, An Implanted
Antenna System for the Monitoring of the Healing of Bone Fractures, in 2015
Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 14.
[77] S. Zhang, J. C. Vardaxololu, W. G. Whittow, and R. Mittra, 3D-Printed Flat Lens for
Microwave Applications, in 2015 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation
Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 13.
[78] Zhang, S Speight, D Paraskevopoulos, A Fonseca, D Luxey, C Pinto, J Whittow, W.
G, in 2015 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 1
5.
[79] S. S. Bukhari, W. G. Whittow, J. C. Vardaxolgou, and S. Maci, Dipole and Slot
Loaded Closely Coupled Complementary Metasurfaces, in 2015 Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 13.
[80] I. L. Morrow, K. Morrison, and W. G. Whittow, A Low Profile Retrodirective
Frequency Selective Surface for Radar Earth Observation, in 2015 Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 14.
[81] A. Tsolis, W. G. Whittow, A. Chauraya, A. A. Alexandridis, and J. C. Vardaxololu, A
Calibration of a Cylindrical Near Field Test Site Appropriate for Wearable Antenna
Measurements on a Liquid Torso Phantom At 2GHz, in 2015 Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2015, pp. 15.
[82] S. S. Bukhari, W. G. Whittow, J. C. Vardaxololu, and S. Maci, Dipole Loaded
Complementary Frequency Selective Surfaces, in 2015 IEEE AP-S Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation and URSI CNC/USNC Joint Meeting, 2015.
[83] N. Kaur, W. Whittow, D. Barwick, D. Segura-Velandia, P. P. Conway, and A. West, A,
Design and Performance of a Flexible Metal Mountable UHF RFID Tag, in the
IEEE 65th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 2015.
[84] A. Cihangir et al., 4G Cellular Antenna Design for Eyewear Devices, in European
Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[85] A. Bisognin et al., Antenna with a Dielectric Lens for 60 GHz Wi-Gig Applications,
in European Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[86] A. Tsolis, A. A. Alexandridis, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Investigation
of Textile Striplines Connectivity for Feeding and Connecting Wearable Antennas, in
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[87] C. C. Njoku, S. Zhang, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and W. G. Whittow, Analysis of
Anisotropic Metamaterial Inclusions and Substrates, in European Conference on
Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[88] S. Zhang, C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Novel 3D Printed
Synthetic Dielectric Materials for Antenna Applications, in European Conference on
Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[89] S. S. Bukhari, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Control of the Pass and Stop
Bands Ratio of Complementary Frequency Selective Surfaces, in European
Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2015.
[90] S. Zhang, C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Novel 3D Printed
Synthetic Dielectric Materials for Antenna Applications, in iWAT, 2015, p. 1.
[91] J. C. Vardaxoglou, C. C. Njoku, and W. G. Whittow, Patch Antennas on 3D
metamaterials, in 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials
in Microwaves and Optics Metamaterials, 2014.
[92] J. Tribe, W. G. Whittow, and A. West, A, RFID Tags Near Metal Objects with
Dielectric Spacers, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC),
2014.
[93] A. Cihangir et al., Investigation of the Effect of Metallic Frames on 4G Eyewear
Antennas, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014.
[94] T. Tuovinen, M. Berg, W. G. Whittow, and E. T. Salonen, Performance of WBAN
On-Ground Antenna Type with Relation to Analytical Path Loss Model, in
Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014.
[95] A. Tsolis, W. G. Whittow, A. Chauraya, A. Alexandridis, and J. C. Vardaxoglou,
Evaluation of a Realized Hollow Torso Phantom for Wearable Antenna
Measurements, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014.
[96] S. S. Bukhari, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, 3D Printed Bespoke
Substrates, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014, pp.
12.
[97] S. Zhang, R. . Seager, A. Chauraya, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Textile
Manufacturing Techniques in RF Devices, in Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2014.
[98] W. G. Whittow and A. Motevasselian, Substrates with non-uniform 3D geometries
for miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas and aesthetic design, in 2014 IEEE
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio
Science Meeting, 2014.
[99] C. J. Panagamuwa, I. Howells, and W. G. Whittow, Impact of the hand on the energy
absorbed in the head when using a mobile phone, in 2014 IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting,
2014.
[100] C. C. Njoku, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and W. G. Whittow, Complementary Frequency
Selective Surfaces for Dielectric Measurements, in 2014 IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting,
2014.
[101] J. C. Vardaxoglou, C. C. Njoku, and W. G. Whittow, Increasing the Effective
Permeability of Materials with Metallic Inclusions, in 2014 IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting,
2014.
[102] A. Cihangir et al., MIMO Antenna Concept for 4G Electronic Eyewear Devices, in
2014 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI
Radio Science Meeting, 2014, pp. 12.
[103] S. Zhang, R. D. Seager, A. Chauraya, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Non-
uniform Meshed Embroidered Patch Antennas, in 2014 IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting,
2014.
[104] S. S. Bukhari and W. G. Whittow, Bandwidth enhancement using heterogeneous
substrates for microstrip antennas, in 2014 IEEE International Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, 2014.
[105] S. I. H. Shah, S. Bashir, S. D. H. Shah, and W. G. Whittow, Compact Multiband
microstrip patch antenna using Defected Ground structure (DGS), in European
Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2014.
[106] A. Cihangir et al., Antennes 4G et impact sanitaire associ pour lunettes connectes
(4G Antennas and related SAR for wireless eyewear devices), in Journees
Scientifiques (URSI), 2014, pp. 12.
[107] M. Lukic, C. Tuck, J. Clarke, W. G. Whittow, and G. Wells, Potential for 3D Printing
of Elastomers with Enhanced Functionality, in International Rubber Conference,
2014.
[108] C. J. Panagamuwa, I. Howells, and W. G. Whittow, Large Volunteer Study on the
Effects of Real Hands on Specific Absorption Rate in the Head, in European
Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2014.
[109] S. Zhang, R. D. Seager, A. Chauraya, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Non-
uniform Meshed Microstrip Antennas for Wearable Applications, in European
Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2014.
[110] J. C. Vardaxololu, C. C. Njoku, and W. G. Whittow, Patch Antennas on Metamaterial
Substrates, in European Conference on Antennas & Propagation (EuCAP), 2014.
[111] A. Tsolis, W. G. Whittow, A. A. Alexandridis, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou, Evaluation of
a Human Body Phantom for Wearable Antenna Measurements At the 5.8GHz Band,
in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013.
[112] D. Awan, S. Bashir, and W. G. Whittow, High Gain Cavity Backed UWB Antenna
with and Without Band Notch Feature, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation
Conference (LAPC), 2013.
[113] S. Zhang et al., Repeatability of Embroided Patch Antennas, in Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013, pp. 14.
[114] A. Chauraya, R. D. Seager, W. G. Whittow, S. Zhang, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou,
Embroidered Frequency Selective Surfaces on Textiles for Wearable Applications,
in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013.
[115] S. S. Bukhari and W. G. Whittow, Heterogeneous Substrate Microstrip Antenna with
Enhanced Bandwidth, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference
(LAPC), 2013.
[116] J. C. Vardaxoglou, C. C. Njoku, and W. G. Whittow, Electromagnetic
Characterisation of Materials using Complementary Frequency Selective Surfaces, in
35th ESA Antenna Workshop on Antenna and Free Space RF Measurements, 2013.
[117] A. Chauraya, T. West, R. Seager, W. Whittow, S. Zhang, and Y. Vardaxoglou,
Positioner Effects in Measurements of Low-Medium Gain Antennas, in Antenna
Measurement Techniques Association (AMTA), 2013.
[118] Y. Li, W. Li, R. Mittra, and W. G. Whittow, Design of Compact Antenna Deigns for
WLAN/WiMAX Bands and for Dual Band-notched UWB Applications, in Progress
in Electromagnetic Research Symposium, 2013.
[119] C. J. Panagamuwa, I. Howells, and W. G. Whittow, Conductivity and permittivity
measurements of children and adults hands covering mobile communications
frequency bands, in Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS),
2013.
[120] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Complementary Frequency
Selective Surfaces for Waveguide Dielectric Measurements, in IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science
Meeting, 2013.
[121] S. Zhang et al., Fully Fabric Knitted Antennas for Wearable Electronics, in IEEE
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National
Radio Science Meeting, 2013.
[122] C. C. Njoku, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and W. G. Whittow, Complementary frequency
selective surfaces in a waveguide simulator, in European Conference on Antennas
and Propagation (EuCAP), 2013.
[123] J. C. Vardaxoglou, C. C. Njoku, and W. G. Whittow, EM Properties of Synthetic
 Media, in European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2013.
[124] A. Chauraya et al., Addressing the Challenges of Fabricating Microwave Antennas
Using Conductive Threads, in The 6th European Conference on Antennas &
Propagation (EuCAP), 2012.
[125] W. G. Whittow, C. C. Njoku, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou, Patch Antennas with
Heterogeneous Substrates and Reduced Material Consumption Enabled by Additive
Manufacturing Techniques, in 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and
Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2012.
[126] O. A. Ojerinde, C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, and R. M. Edwards, Comparison
Between CTIA Hand Phantom and Different Human Hands for OTA Power
Measurements, in 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2012.
[127] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Designing Microwave Patch
Antennas Using Heterogeneous Substrates, in European Conference on Antennas and
Propagation (EuCAP), 2012.
[128] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and Y. C. Vardaxoglou, Antenna performance on quasi
synthetic media, in IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (IWAT),
2012.
[129] S. Zhang et al., Simulation Methodology to Model the Behavior of Wearable
Antennas Composed of Embroidered Conductive Threads, in 2012 IEEE
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National
Radio Science Meeting, 2012.
[130] W. G. Whittow, Microstrip Patch Antennas with 3-Dimensional Substrates, in
Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2012.
[131] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Microstrip Patch Antennas on
Substrates with Metallic Inclusions, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation
Conference (LAPC), 2012.
[132] S. Zhang et al., Embroidered Wearable Antennas Using Conductive Threads with
Different Stitch Spacings, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference
(LAPC), 2012.
[133] J. C. Vardaxoglou, P. De Maagt, W. G. Whittow, A. Chauraya, and R. D. Seager,
Dual Frequency Flexible Antenna for COSPAS SARSAT, in 34th ESA Workshop on
Challenges for Space Antenna Systems, 2012.
[134] T. Acti et al., High Performance Flexible Fabric Electronics for Megahertz Frequency
Communications, in 2011 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference
(LAPC), 2011.
[135] M. K. Taher Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, On the miniaturization of microstrip
line-fed slot antenna using various slots , in 2011 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2011.
[136] J. Joubert, J. C. Vardaxoglou, W. G. Whittow, and J. W. Odendaal, A Low-Profile
Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Loaded with an AMC Reflector, in South African AP
MTT IEEE Conference, 2011.
[137] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, Y. Vardaxoglou, C. Topraxoglu, and K.-A. T. Thoma,
 Metallic inclusions in a non-uniform lattice, in 2011 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2011.
[138] M. K. Taher Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, Performance investigation of a dual
element IFA array at 3 GHz for MIMO terminals, in 2011 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2011.
[139] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Study on the variation in
dielectric properties of heterogeneous substrates composed of nanomaterials, in
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2011.
[140] W. G. Whittow, A. Chauraya, R. Seager, Y. Vardaxoglou, and P. de Maagt, Wearable
Circularly Polarised VHF Antennas for Emergency Applications, in 33rd ESA
Workshop on Challenges for Space Antenna Systems, 2011.
[141] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Comparative study of
nanomaterials effective properties using canonical formulations, in 2010
Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2010.
[142] M. K. T. Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, Compact Microstrip Band Stop Filter Using
SRR and CSSR: Design, Simulation and Results, in EUCAP 2010: The 4th European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2010.
[143] W. G. Whittow and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Coupling gaps of dipole radiating structures
with implications for fabricating antennas using nanomaterials, in IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas & Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science
Meeting , 2010.
[144] M. K. T. Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, Low Profile Dipole Antenna Backed by
Isotropic Artificial Magnetic Conductor Reflector, in EUCAP 2010: The 4th
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2010.
[145] W. G. Whittow and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Microwave Aperture Antennas Using
Nanomaterials, in EUCAP 2010: The 4th European Conference on Antennas and
Propagation, 2010.
[146] C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, and R. M. Edwards, Focusing effects of metallic
rim-less spectacles at mobile communication Frequencies on the energy absorbed in
the head, in EUCAP 2010: The 4th European Conference on Antennas and
Propagation, 2010.
[147] L. Angrisani, K. Kyriakopoulos, A. Napolitano, D. Parish, M. Vadursi, and W.
Whittow, A Cross-Layer Approach for Predicting the Effects of Noise on IEEE
802.11g Video Streaming Performance, in EMC Europe 2010, 2010.
[148] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, An analytical approach to
modifying the properties of dielectric substrates composed of nanomaterials, in 2010
Loughborough Research Student Conference, 2010.
[149] L. Angrisani, K. Kyriakopoulos, A. Napolitano, D. Parish, M. Vadursi, and W.
Whittow, An experimental analysis of the effects of noise on Wi-Fi video streaming,
in GMEE 2010, 2010.
[150] C. C. Njoku, W. G. Whittow, and C. Panagamuwa, Printable Windscreen Quad-band
GSM Antenna, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC),
2009, pp. 781784.
[151] B. Novac, P. Sarker, I. R. Smith, W. Whittow, and C. Greenwood, An innovative and
non-invasive technology for PEF food processing, in 17th IEEE International Pulsed
Power Conference, 2009, pp. 737741.
[152] K. G. Kyriakopoulos, W. G. Whittow, and D. J. Parish, A Framework for Cross-
Layer Measurements in Wireless Networks, in The Fifth Advanced International
Conference on Telecommunications (AICT 2009), 2009.
[153] O. A. Ojerinde, C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, and R. M. Edwards, SAR
variations in the face due to semi-rimmed spectacles and polarized sources at GSM900
and GSM1800, in 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCaP),
2009.
[154] W. G. Whittow and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Loop antennas at microwave frequencies
using nano-metamaterials, in IEEE International Symposium on Antennas &
Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting , 2009.
[155] M. K. T. Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, Ultra Thin Dipole Antenna Backed by New
Planar Artificial Magnetic Conductor, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2009, pp. 97100.
[156] M. K. T. Al-Nuaimi and W. G. Whittow, Novel Planar AMC for Low Profile
Antenna Applications, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference
(LAPC), 2009, pp. 145148.
[157] B. Novac, I. R. Smith, and W. G. Whittow, High Power RF Capabilities at
Loughborough University, in IET Conference on High Power RF Technologies, 2009.
[158] T. Kellomaki and W. G. Whittow, Bendable Plaster Antenna for 2.45 GHz
Applications, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC),
2009, pp. 453456.
[159] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, B. Derat, and I. L. Morrow, Correlation of
Specific Absorption Rates in the Human Head due to Multiple Independent Sources,
in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2009, pp. 405408.
[160] K. Stergiou, C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, and R. M. Edwards, Effects of
metallic semi-rimmed spectacles on SAR in the head from a 900MHz frontal dipole
source, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2009,
pp. 721724.
[161] T. Kellomki, W. G. Whittow, J. Heikkinen, and L. Kettunen, 2.45 GHz plaster
antennas for health monitoring, in European Conference on Antennas & Propagation
(EuCAP), 2009.
[162] I. L. Morrow, G. P. Dingley, W. G. Whittow, and A. Cooper, Wideband Sleeved
Blade Monopole Antenna with Coaxial Feed, in 2009 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2009, pp. 789792.
[163] W. G. Whittow, J. C. Vardaxoglou, C. Toprakcioglu, and N. Spiliopoulos, Reflection
and Transmission Coefficients of Nano-metamaterial Antennas at Microwave
Frequencies, in Metamaterials 2009, 2009.
[164] L. Ma, R. M. Edwards, and W. G. Whittow, A Multi-band Printed Monopole
Antenna, in EuCAP 2009, 2009.
[165] W. G. Whittow and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Nano-metamaterial antennas at microwave
 frequencies, in Nanometa 2009, 2009.
[166] W. G. Whittow and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Modifying Conventional Microwave Antenna
Designs Using Fine Scale Structures and Nanomaterials, in 2009 Loughborough
Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2009, pp. 749752.
[167] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, R. M. Edwards, S. Bashir, and J. C. Vardaxoglou,
Changes in specific absorption rate in the head due to metallic gap loops and a
simulated mobile phone source in a study of the effects of jewellery, in 2008
Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, 2008, pp. 197200.
[168] C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Effects of
metallic spectacles on SAR when using communications enabled PDAs in front of the
face, in 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, 2008, pp. 361
364.
[169] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, R. M. Edwards, and L. Ma, Indicative SAR
levels due to an active mobile phone in a front trouser pocket in proximity to common
metallic objects, in 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, 2008,
pp. 149152.
[170] W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, C. J. Panagamuwa, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, Effect of
tongue jewellery and orthodontist metallic braces on the SAR due to mobile phones in
different anatomical human head models including children, in 2008 Loughborough
Antennas and Propagation Conference, 2008, pp. 293296.
[171] L. Ma, R. Edwards, and W. G. Whittow, A notched hand wearable ultra wideband W
printed monopole antenna for sporting activities, in 2008 Loughborough Antennas &
Propagation Conference, 2008, pp. 401405.
[172] W. G. Whittow, M. I. Kitra, J. Vardaxoglou, C. J. Panagamuwa, P. McEvoy, and J. R.
James, Professor Jim Jamesa great researcher and motivator in the field of
antennas, in The Second European Conference on Antennas and Propagation
(EuCAP 2007) , 2007.
[173] W. Whittow, C. Panagamuwa, R. Edwards, and J. Vardaxoglou, Specific absorption
rates in the human head due to circular metallic earrings at 1800MHz, in 2007
Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, 2007, pp. 277280.
[174] C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou,
Experimental verification of a modified specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM)
head used for SAR measurements, in 2007 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation
Conference, 2007, pp. 261264.
[175] C. J. Panagamuwa, W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, A study
of the effects of metallic pins on SAR using a specific anthropomorphic mannequin
(SAM) head phantom, in The Second European Conference on Antennas and
Propagation (EuCAP 2007) , 2007.
[176] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, On specific absorption rates in the human
mucous membrane with conducting spectacles at mobile phone frequencies by FDTD
simulation, in The Fourth IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and
Wave Propagation (ARP 2007), 2007, pp. 197201.
[177] W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, R. M. Edwards, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, The SAR
effects of popular jewellery on the human head, in The Second European Conference
 on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2007) , 2007.
[178] R. M. Edwards, W. G. Whittow, C. J. Panagamuwa, P. McEvoy, and J. C.
Vardaxoglou, On the question of whether to model or measure the levels of RF
energy from mobile phones into the head, in ARMMS RF & Microwave Society, 2006.
[179] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, A study of changes to specific absorption rates in
the mucous membrane close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio
frequency range 0.8 to 2.6GHz, in Loughborough Antennas and Propagation
Conference - LAPC, 2006, pp. 417420.
[180] C. J. Panagamuwa, W. Whittow, and R. Edwards, A study of the validation of RF
energy Specific Absorption Rates for simulations of anatomically correct head FDTD
simulations and truncated DASY4 standard equipment measurements, in The First
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2006), 2006.
[181] W. Whittow and R. Edwards, A study of head worn jewelry, mobile phone RF energy
and the effect of differing tissue types on rates of absorption, in The First European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2006), 2006.
[182] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, The averaging procedure of the electrical
properties at the interface of dissimilar tissues in the human head using the FDTD
method at 1800MHz, in Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 2005,
pp. 340343.
[183] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, Implications for SAR when using a symmetric
phantom exposed to RF radiation using the FDTD method, in Technical Seminar on
Antenna Measurements and SAR (AMS 2004), 2004, pp. 6770.
[184] W. G. Whittow and R. M. Edwards, Changes in specific absorption rates in the
human eye due to perfectly conducting spectacles illuminated by radio waves of
frequencies within the range 1.5 to 3.0GHz, in Institute of Physics. RF Interactions
with Humans: Mechanisms, Exposure and Medical Applications, 2003.
[185] W. G. Whittow, R. M. Edwards, and G. G. Cook, A study of changes to specific
absorption rates in the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the
radio frequency range 1.5 to 3.0GHz, in Twelfth International Conference on
Antennas & Propagation, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 300303.

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