Technical Textiles in Woven Sector

Technical Textiles which are fastest growing products in the

Textile Field. These are driven by economic growth rather than population growth.These are
termed as those products which are end use specific and not or having less ornamentation
as per the definition. Mainly three sectors are found to have application possibilities viz
Woven,Knitted and Nonwovens.In this paper we will focus on uses of Technical Textile
products from woven sector.

Textile products are classified into products for clothing, household, and technical textiles.
Clothing and household products (curtains, wallpaper, textiles, upholstery materials,
carpets, and floor coverings) seem to be easily defined. It can be concluded that all other
textile products constitute technical textiles group, but this definition cannot be accepted
easily. For example, pressurized suits for astronauts, cold water-resistant suits for divers,
and protective clothing for steelmakers cannot enter the field of clothing, which are
technical textiles.

80 % of the technical textiles are consumed in USA, China and

the European Union. Weaving is the most efficient, flexible and affordable method of
conversion of yarn into fabrics. Fabric densities and materials can be easily changed freely at
a relatively low costs. Technical Textiles are 10-12 % per tones of fabrics produced per year.
Mostly weaving constitutes about 60% of the Technical products produced all over the
world.

The formal structure of a woven fabric is defined by weave, thread density, crimp and yarn
count. Woven fabrics are made by using two or more sets of yarn interlaced at right angles
to each other. Much variety is produced by weaving. Woven fabrics are generally more
durable. A woven fabric which is used in clothing and garments or for decoration and
covering purposes. Without these application woven fabric also used as sportswear, medical
applications, textiles for electronics and airbag construction in automotive engineering.

Medical Textiles : Woven medical textiles are typically used for products requiring extreme
stability and; high durability over a significant number of loading cycles; or to precisely
control porosity for air or fluid flow. For example, a good quality surgical gown must be
made of light and comfortable, breathable fabric material, yet be tough and durable enough
to withstand abrasion, ripping and puncture.

Medical textiles are the products and constructions used for medical and biological
applications for clinical and hygienic purposes, scaffolds for tissue culturing and a large
variety of prostheses for permanent body implants. They consist of all those textile
materials used in health and hygienic applications in both consumer and medical markets. A
broad classification of medical textiles can be as under:
 Protective and healthcare textiles surgical wear, operation dresses, staff uniforms,
etc.

External devices wound dressings, bandages, pressure gauze, prosthetic aids, etc.

Implantable materials sutures, vascular grafts and artificial limbs are the products
where textiles are used.

Hygiene products incontinence pads, nappies, tampons, sanitary towels, etc.

Extracorporeal devices artificial liver, artificial kidneys and artificial lung are the
recent advances in medical textiles.

Automotive textiles:
Automotive textiles are finding extensive use in the product categories of interior trims,
safety devices such as seatbelts and airbags, carpets, filters, battery separators, hood liners,
hoses and belt reinforcement.

Filter fabrics :
The surface quality of a woven fabric has become an increasingly important factor which
influences the property of the filter in many different ways. Surface treatments modify the
functionality of the woven fabric according to the different requirements and thereby
significantly increase the effectiveness of the resulting filter in a specific environment.

Woven filters are used in many acoustic devices, loudspeakers and microphones. Filters not
only improve the speech and sound quality in mobile phones by adsorbing unwanted
frequency peaks; they also protect the sensitive electronic equipment from moisture, dust
and dirt.

In automobiles, a series of filter systems are used to protect sensitive components. High
precision woven fabrics are mounted in the fuel, injection and hydraulic filter systems.

Textiles for electronics:

E-textile : Technology holds out the promise of truly wearable computers as well as
inexpensive large-scale computational devices.

New fibers are being created for inclusion in e-textiles, including battery fibers, conductive
fibers and mechanically active fibers. Methods are being developed for attaching discrete
components to e-textiles, including processors, microphones and speakers. Two broad
categories of e-textile applications are envisioned, wearable and large-scale non-wearable.

Many specific applications in the field of wearable computing have been envisioned and
realized, though most suffer bulky form factors. In the new field of large-scale non-wearable
e-textiles, applications include large-scale acoustic beam-forming arrays (STRETCH), self-
steering parafoils (Draper) and intelligent, inflatable decoys (DARPA).
Sports Textiles :

Sport textiles are textiles used in sports. Woven fabrics are widely used in sports textile.
These are sports goods and sportswear. Sportswear is clothing, including footwear, worn for
sport or exercise. Typical sport-specific garments include short pants, tracksuits, and
trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits and salopettes. It also includes some
underwear, such as the jockstrap. Sportswear is also often worn as casual fashion clothing.
For most sports the athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing, e.g. sports
shoes, pants and shirts. Some athletes wear personal armour such as helmets or American
football body armor.

Woven Composites :

Textiles used in composites In the last two decades, the uses of textile structures made from
high-performance fibers are finding increasing applications in composites. High-
performance textile structures may be defined as materials that are highly engineered
fibrous structures having high specific strength, high specific modules, and designed to
perform at high temperature and high pressure (loads) under corrosive and extreme
environmental conditions. Significant developments have taken place in fibers, matrix
polymers, and composite manufacturing techniques. Composites that are a part of industrial
textiles have a significant role in many applications especially in automobiles and aerospace
applications. Composite materials reinforced with woven fabrics, braids, and knits are
becoming increasingly popular in various structural applications from automotive,
 aerospace, furniture, and so on. Processing techniques of materials to obtain composites
include technologies to obtain reinforcement layers, stratification technology, transfer
resins in textile layers through molding, molding with vacuum/pressure, and autoclaving
fabric (reinforcement structures) for impregnation products with properties of
thermosetting and compression/preforming molding of thermoplastic and thermosetting
composites

Conclusions :

The fabrics presented in this paper are only a small fraction of the technical fabrics which are
produced. Also, these fabrics can have other applications, and they will take into account the fact
that the design and development of the technical textile product need basic understanding and
application of textile science and technology. Technology advances in the industry are driven by
forces outside the pure textile sector, that is, polymer and fiber producers and, in some cases, the
machinery producers of fabric manufacturing techniques. There is a growing need for non textile
application know-how in many segments of the industrial textiles market. Textile technologists are
needed who understand the various engineering aspects of potential industrial applications so that
suitable textile structures can be produced.

SOME SORT PARTICULARS

Sr No Type/End Ends picks weave thickness gsm

Use
1 composite 4.5 4.5 plain 0.18 193
tows/cm tows/cm
2 composite 8.5 8.5 8 end satin 0.34 370
tows/cm tows/cm
3 Ballistic 31/inch 31/inch plain 14 mm 8.3
total oz/sqyd
4 Ballistic 31/inch 31/inch plain 10 mm 6.8
total oz/sqyd
5 Air Bag 25/inch 25/inch plain 0.013mm 5-8
oz/sqyd
6 Seat Belt 320/inch --- Twill-satin ----- 50-60
7 Buildinds 420 dtex 197 dtex Twill ---- 170
warp weft