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Test Code 28 PDF
Test Code 28 PDF
ANY REPRODUCTION
OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION
COUNCIL IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS
In this edition of the GMAT, the following essay and multiple-choice sections contributed to your scores:
Verbal Assessment
Section 2 Critical Reasoning
Section 4 Reading Comprehension
Section 6 Sentence Correction
Quantitative Assessment
Section 3 Problem Solving
Section 5 Problem Solving
Section 7 Data Sufficiency
GMAT Total
All six verbal and quantitative sections combined as one score
Section 1 in this edition of the GMAT contained trial or equating questions and does not contribute to your
score. Questions from this section are not included in this booklet.
Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short-sighted motives. We are so concerned with immediate
results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them.
Assuming that the term business relations can refer to the decisions and actions of any organizationfor instance, a small family
business, a community association, or a large international corporationexplain the extent to which you think that this criticism is
valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples form your own experience, your observation of others, or your
reading.
NOTES
Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response. Any writing on these pages will not be evaluated.
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
Copyright 1993, 1995 Graduate Management Admission Council. All rights reserved.
REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE 3
MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS.
Essay 2
ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENT
Time30 minutes
Directions: In this section, you will be asked to write a critique of the argument presented below. Note that your are not asked to
present your own views on the subject. Instead, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking, what
alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion, or what sort of evidence could help strengthen or refute the
argument.
Read the argument and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your
response. Begin writing your response on the separate answer document. Make sure that you use the answer document that goes with
this writing task.
The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses.
The Cumquat Caf began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent
over last years totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable.
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence
in the argument. You can also discuss what, if anything, would make the argument more sound and persuasive or would help you to
better evaluate its conclusion.
NOTES
Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response. Any writing on these pages will not he evaluated.
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6.
7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7.
8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8.
9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9.
10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 10.
21. 21.
22. 22.
23.
1. A report on acid rain concluded, Most forests in 3. A computer equipped with signature-recognition
Canada are not being damaged by acid rain. Critics software, which restricts access to a computer to
of the report insist the conclusion be changed to, those people whose signatures are on file, identifies a
Most forests in Canada do not show visible person's signature by analyzing not only the form of
symptoms of damage by acid rain, such as abnormal the signature but also such characteristics as pen
loss of leaves, slower rates of growth, or higher pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept
mortality. forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the
Which of the following, if true, provides the best program analyzes.
logical justification for the critics insistence that the Which of the following can be logically concluded from the
reports conclusion be changed? passage above?
(A) Some forests in Canada are being damaged by (A) The time it takes to record and analyze a
acid rain. signature makes the software impractical for
(B) Acid rain could be causing damage for which everyday use.
symptoms have not yet become visible. (B) Computers equipped with the software will soon
(C) The report does not compare acid rain damage to be installed in most banks.
Canadian forests with acid rain damage to forests (C) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped
in other countries. with the software solely by virtue of skill at
(D) All forests in Canada have received acid rain forging signatures.
during the past fifteen years. (D) Signature-recognition software has taken many
(E) The severity of damage by acid rain differs from years to develop and perfect.
forest to forest. (E) In many cases even authorized users are denied
2. In the past most airline companies minimized aircraft legitimate access to computers equipped with the
weight to minimize fuel costs. The safest airline seats software.
were heavy, and airlines equipped their planes with
few of these seats. This year the seat that has sold
best to airlines has been the safest onea clear GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
indication that airlines are assigning a higher priority
to safe seating than to minimizing fuel costs.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
(A) Last year's best-selling airline seat was not the
safest airline seat on the market.
(B) No airline company has announced that it would
be making safe seating a higher priority this year.
(C) The price of fuel was higher this year than it had
been in most of the years when the safest airline
seats sold poorly.
(D) Because of increases in the cost of materials, all
airline seats were more expensive to manufacture
this year than in any previous year.
(E) Because of technological innovations, the safest
airline seat on the market this year weighed less
than most other airline seats on the market.
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then indicate the best of the
answer choices given.
Figures: Figures that accompany problems in this section are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. They are
drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that its figure is not drawn to scale. All figures lie in a
plane unless otherwise indicated.
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
Historians of women's labor in the United States at first 1. According to the passage, job segregation by sex in
largely disregarded the story of female service workers the United States was
women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk,
(A) greatly diminished by labor mobilization during
Line domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians
the Second World War
(5) focused instead on factory work, primarily because it
seemed so different from traditional, unpaid womens (B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who
work in the home, and because the underlying economic argued in favor of womens employment in wage
forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind labor
and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emanci- (C) one means by which women achieved greater job
(10) pation has been less profound than expected, for not even security
industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation
in the workplace. (D) reluctantly challenged by employers except when
To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of the economic advantages were obvious
women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the (E) a constant source of labor unrest in the young
(15) way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines textile industry
the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such
2. According to the passage, historians of womens labor
allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance,
focused on factory work as a more promising area of
early textile-mill entrepreneurs in justifying women's
research than service-sector work because factory
employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption
work
(20) that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and
patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners (A) involved the payment of higher wages
thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereo- (B) required skill in detailed tasks
types associated with the homemaking activities they
presumed to have been the purview of women. Because (C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex
(25) women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks segregation
more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded (D) was more readily accepted by women than by
as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's men
real aspirations were for marriage and family life,
declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of (E) fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism
better
(30) men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs
came to be perceived as female.
More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence 3. It can be inferred from the passage that early
of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once historians of women's labor in the United States paid
an occupation came to be perceived as female, employers little attention to women's employment in the service
(35) showed surprisingly little interest in changing that sector of the economy because
perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite (A) the extreme variety of these occupations made it
the urgent need of the United States during the Second very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics
World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job about them
segregation by sex characterized even the most important
(B) fewer women found employment in the service
(40) war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers
sector than in factory work
quickly returned to men most of the male jobs that
women had been permitted to master. (C) the wages paid to workers in the service sector
were much lower than those paid in the industrial
sector
(D) women's employment in the service sector tended
to be much more short-term than in factory work
(E) employment in the service sector seemed to have
much in common with the unpaid work
associated with homemaking
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(A) It may furnish a valid account of ore-forming I. The closeness of the match between the geological
processes, and, hence, can support conceptual features identified by the model as critical and the
models that have great practical significance. actual geological features of a given area
(B) It suggests that certain geological formations, II. The degree to which the model chosen relies on
long believed to be mineralized, are in fact empirical observation of known mineral deposits
mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual rather than on theories of ore-forming processes
models. III. The degree to which the model chosen is based
(C) It suggests that there may not be enough on an accurate description of the events leading to
similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein mineralization
systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual (A) I only
models.
(B) II only
(D) It corrects existing theories about the chemical
halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis (C) I and II only
for correcting current conceptual models. (D) I and III only
(E) It suggests that simple prospecting methods still (E) I, II, and III
have a higher success rate in the discovery of
gold deposits than do more modern methods.
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then indicate the best of the
answer choices given.
Figures: Figures that accompany problems in this section are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. They are
drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that its figure is not drawn to scale. All figures lie in
a plane unless otherwise indicated.
2. Kelly and Chris packed several boxes with books. If 5. Last year Manfred received 26 paychecks. Each of
Chris packed 60 percent of the total number of boxes, his first 6 paychecks was $750; each of his remaining
what was the ratio of the number of boxes Kelly packed paychecks was $30 more than each of his first 6
to the number of boxes Chris packed? paychecks. To the nearest dollar, what was the
average (arithmetic mean) amount of his paychecks
(A) 1 to 6 for the year?
(B) 1 to 4
(C) 2 to 5 (A) $752
(D) 3 to 5 (B) $755
(E) 2 to 3 (C) $765
(D) $773
3. A train travels from New York City to Chicago, a (E) $775
distance of approximately 840 miles, at an average rate
of 60 miles per hour and arrives in Chicago at 6:00 in
the evening, Chicago time. At what time in the
morning, New York City time, did the train depart for
Chicago? (Note: Chicago time is one hour earlier than
New York City time.)
(A) 4:00
(B) 5:00
(C) 6:00
(D) 7:00 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(E) 8:00
(A) 3% (A) 10
(B) 5% (B) 12
(C) 12% (C) 21
(D) 15% (D) 28
(E) 24% (E) 35
7. In a certain brick wall, each row of bricks above the 12. Machines A and B always operate independently
bottom row contains one less brick than the row just and at their respective constant rates. When working
below it. If there are 5 rows in all and a total of 75 alone, machine A can fill a production lot in 5 hours,
bricks in the wall, how many bricks does the bottom and machine B can fill the same lot in x hours.
row contain? When the two machines operate simultaneously to fill
the production lot, it takes them 2 hours to complete
(A) 14 the job. What is the value of x ?
(B) 15
(C) 16 (A) 3 3
1
(D) 17
(E) 18 (B) 3
1
(C) 2 2
8. If 25 percent of p is equal to 10 percent of q , and 1
pq 0 , then p is what percent of q ? (D) 2 3
1
(A) 2.5% (E) 1 2
(B) 15%
(C) 20%
(D) 35%
(E) 40%
9. If the length of an edge of cube X is twice the length 13. In the xy-coordinate system, if (a, b) and
of an edge of cube Y , what is the ratio of the volume (a + 3, b + k) are two points on the line defined by
of cube Y to the volume of cube X ? the equation x = 3y 7, then k =
(A)
1 (A) 9
2
(B) 3
1
(B) 4 (C)
7
3
1
(C) 6
(D) 1
1
(D)
1 (E) 3
8
1
(E) 27
10. ( 2 +1 )( )( 3 + 1)( 3 1) =
2 1
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 2 6
(D) 5
(E) 6
(A) 9
(B) 7
Avenue A
Avenue B
Avenue C
(C) 5
(D) 3
(E) 1
Y
4th Street
18 in 3rd Street
2nd Street
15 in 1st Street
X
(A) 9 2
3
(B) 2
9
(C)
2
1
(D) 15 1
2
9
(E) 2
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and 5. Presenters at the seminar, one who is blind, will
Italian words demonstrate adaptive equipment that allows visually
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian impaired people to use computers.
words (A) one who
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words (B) one of them who
have been added
(C) and one of them who
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having
been added to it (D) one of whom
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian (E) one of which
words are added GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
3. NOT SCORED
(B) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a 10. Although Napoleons army entered Russia with far
bridge of land that existed once more supplies than they had in their previous
(C) migrated over a bridge of land to the Western campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four
Hemisphere that once existed days.
(D) migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a (A) they had in their previous campaigns
bridge of land that once existed (B) their previous campaigns had had
(E) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a (C) they had for any previous campaign
bridge of land existing once
(D) in their previous campaigns
8. In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women (E) for any previous campaign
entering college planned to major in education, while
28 percent chose business, making it the most
popular major for women as well as for men.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(A) as well as for men
(B) as well as the men
(C) and men too
(D) and men as well
(E) and also men
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
Q y z R
(1) PQ = PR
(2) y = 40
Explanation: According to statement (1), PQ = PR; therefore, PQR is isosceles and y = z. Since x + y + z = 180, it follows that x + 2y
= 180. Since statement (1) does not give a value for y, you cannot answer the question using statement (1) alone. According to
statement (2), y = 40; therefore, x + z = 140. Since statement (2) does not give a value for z, you cannot answer the question using
statement (2) alone. Using both statements together, since x + 2y = 180 and the value of y is given, you can find the value of x.
Therefore, the answer is C.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
C
5. What is the value of x ?
(1) 2x + 1 = 0 A
(2) (x + 1)2
=x 2
13. If Saras age is exactly twice Bills age, what is +
Saras age?
(1) Four years ago, Saras age was exactly 3 times
Bills age.
(2) Eight years from now, Saras age will be exactly
1.5 times Bills age.
x
14. What is the value of ?
yz
y 2x
(1) x = and z = .
2 5
x 5 1 1
(2) = and = .
z 2 y 10
CANCELATION FEES
Days prior to Percent of
departure Package Price
46 or more 10%
45 31 35%
30 16 50%
15 5 65%
4 or fewer 100%
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
6. A 6. C 6. C 6. C 6. E 6. E
7. D 7. E 7. C 7. D 7. D 7. E
8 .D 8. E 8. A 8. E 8. A 8. A
9. B 9. B 9. B 9. D 9. D 9. D
10. A 10. A 10. A 10. A 10. E 10. C
21. C 21. A
22. E 22. B
23. A
56 47 31 29 37 6 11 17
55 46 30 28 36 5 11 16
54 45 29 27 35 4 10 15
53 44 28 27 34 3 9 14
52 43 51 27 26 34 2 9 13
51 43 51 26 25 33 1 8 12
50 42 51 25 25 32 0 7 11
49 41 50 24 24 31
48 41 50 23 23 31
47 40 49 22 22 30
46 39 48 21 22 29
45 39 47 20 21 28
44 38 47 19 20 28
43 37 46 18 20 27
42 36 45 17 19 26
41 36 44 16 18 25
40 35 44 15 18 25
39 34 43 14 17 24
38 34 42 13 16 23
37 33 41 12 16 22
The table below shows three examples of corrected raw score calculations based on 40 questions (total
number of omitted or multiple-marked questions, number correct, and number wrong):
Repeat these steps using the three sections contributing to the quantitative score to calculate your
quantitative corrected raw score and all six sections contributing to the total score to obtain your total corrected
raw score. The figures you calculate should match the respective figures on your score report. The sum of your
verbal and quantitative corrected raw scores may be one point higher or lower than the total corrected raw score
due to the rounding procedure for each score.
REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE 35
MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS.
Conversion of Corrected Raw Scores to Scaled Scores
Use the score conversion tables on pages 30 and 31 to find the scaled score associated with each of your
corrected raw scores. The equivalent scaled scores should match those on your score report.
Essay Insight (SM), available through www.mba.com, lets you write two practice essays on actual AWA topics
and has them scored automatically by the same technology used to score the GMAT. Your scores are objective
and accurate, so you can practice to improve.
Rescoring Service
If there are any discrepancies between your self-scoring results and those on your score report, you may request
that ETS rescore your answer sheet by submitting the appropriate fee and the form for this purpose youre your
GMAT Examinee Score Interpretation Guide. But first check your answer sheet from incomplete erasures or
light or partial marking, and check your calculations to be sure that they are accurate.
Additional Information
If you have questions about any of the information in this booklet, please write to:
Graduate Management Admission Test
Educational Testing Service
P.O. Box 6102
Princeton, NJ 08541-6102
If you have questions about specific test questions, please indicate that test code and the number(s) of the
question(s) as well as your query or comment.