‘The stirred-tank heating process described in Eq, 4-37 is operating at steady state with an inlet temperature of 70 °F and a heater input of 1920 Btu/min. The liquid flow rate is 200 1b/min, the liquid has constant density (p = 62.4 Ib/ft3) and specific heat (0.32 Btu/Ib °F), and the liquid volume is constant at 1.60 ft3. Then the inlet temperature is changed to 90 °F, and the heater input is changed to 1600 Btu/min. Calculate the output temperature response. ‘The steady-state energy balance can be written as wT ~ 7) =0 (4-42) The steady-state outlet temperature is 100 °F for the stated initial conditions. The input changes are ae 20 re Aa = 1920 _ 320 3 Ti) = a= ‘The time constant 7 and process gain K are DCS) — 05 min 1 =: K = Goa = 156 * 107 aa‘The time constant 7 and process gain K are (C2AYN6) _ 9 5 mi 7 MES) = 0.5 min = -2 1,56 x 10 Biumin - 1 K= amyox5y Substituting in Eq. 4-37 yields 1) = oo1ss (320), 1 (20 Ss + 1 s OS5st1\s5 After multiplication, r@-72—+7 BB SU5s-+1) © s(OSs +1) ~ s(05s + 1) which gives the time-domain solution TQ) = 100 + 15(1 - e~#) (4-43) (4-44) (4-45) Note that, in evaluating Eq, 4-43, the units of K appropriately yield units of °F for the product KQ"s). Atsteady state, the reduction in the heater input lowers the temperature 5°F, while the inlet temperature change increases it by 20 °F, for a net increase of 15 °F.