Art from Canada

Plano Culture
(9000 BCE and 6000 BCE.)
Clovis Culture
(13,200 BCE to 12,900 BCE)
Iputiak Culture
Dorset Culture (600 BCE) (200 BCE - 800 CE)

Agnes Lake Petroglyph Dorset Culture (1000CE-1500 CE)

Igloolik 500-1000 CE

The Cree Nhiyaw;

1850

The Ojibwe, Chippewa

The Ojibwe, Chippewa ' agawa rock 1893 embroidery Thule Culture (1000 - 1850
Ex-voto des trois naufrags de Lvis (1754

Franois Baillairg (1759 1830)

William Berczy (1744 1813)

Joseph Lgar ( 1795 1855)
)

Paul Kane ( 1810 1871)

Antoine-Sbastien Plamondon (ca. 18041895

John Bell Smith (1810 - 1883)

)

Adolphe Vogt (1843-1871)

Cornelius Krieghoff (1815 1872)

Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith ( 1846 1923

Aron of Kangeq (1822-1869)
)

Homer Ransford Watson (1855 1936

Cree 1850
Inuit Culture (since 1850)

Horatio Walker ( 1858 1938)

)

) James Wilson Morrice (1865 1924) J.E. H.MacDonald (1873 1932),

Emily Carr (1871 1945) Tom Thomson (1877 1917)

)

Fred Varley (1881 1969),

Mungo Martin or Nakapenkem Datsa 1879-1962

Ethel Seath
(1879 1963)

Clarence Gagnon
(1881-1942)
)

A.Y. Jackson(1882 1974)

Lawren Harris, ( 1885 1970

)
Arthur Lismer( 1885 1969) David Milne, ( 1882 1953)
)

Kathleen Munn (18871974) Frank Johnston (1888 1949)

Bertram Brooker (1888 1955)

Franklin Carmichael ( 1890 1945) Kathleen Morris (1893 1986)
)

Anne Savage ( 1896 1971)

Prudence
Heward (1896 1947)
Andr Charles Biler (1896 1989)

,
Paraskeva Clark ( 18981986)
Yvonne McKague Housser (1897 1996)
)

Thoreau MacDonald ( 1901 1989)

Isabel McLaughlin, (1903 - 2002)

Pegi Nicol MacLeod,

Helen Kalvak (1901 - 1984) ( 1904 1949) Pitseolak Ashoona( 19081983)
)

) Marian Dale Scott (1906 1993)

Goodridge Roberts (19041974)

Paul-mile Borduas ( 1905 1960)

Jessie Oonark,( 1906 1985)
)

Jack Bush (1909 1977)

Pudlo Pudlat ( 1916-, 1992)

Marion Tuu'luq (19102002),

Jacques Godefroy de Tonnancour,(1917 2005)
)

Daphne Odjig ( 1919 2016)

Alex Colville
(1920 2013)

Jean-Paul Riopelle (1923 2002) Bill Reid Jr( 1920 1998)

)

)
Kenojuak Ashevak, (1927 2013)

Osuitok Ipeelee (1923 -2005)

Norval Morrisseau, (1932 2007)
)

Eddy Cobiness, (1933 1996)

Alex Janvier ( 1935)

Simon Tookoome ( 1934-2010)
)

Jackson Beardy (1944 1984)

Carl Ray (1943 1978) Germaine Arnaktauyok (b. 1946)

)

) Tim Pitsiulak (1967 2016

Rmi LaBarre (1977)

Louise Marion

Annie Pootoogook (1969 2016)

Canadian Poems - pomes canadiens
EN in English -en Anglais
FRA in French en Franais
 EN06 Susanna Moodie (1803 1885)
Poet and Fancy
Poet
Enchanting spirit!at thy votive shrine
I lowly bend a simple wreath to twine;
O Come from the ideal world and fling
Thy airy fingers oer my rugged string;
Sweep the dark chords of thought and give to earth
The thrilling song that tells thy heavenly birth
Fancy
Happiness when from earth she fled
I passed on her heavenward flight
Take this crown, the spirit said
Of heavens own golden light
To the sons of sorrow the token give,
And bid them follow my steps and live!
I took the crown from the snowy hand,
It flashed like a living star;
I turned this dark earth to a fairy land
When I hither drive my car;
But I placed the crown round my tresses bright,
And man only saw its reflected light
FRA06 Louis-Honor Frchette, (1839 1908)
Le Niagara
L'onde majestueuse avec lenteur s'coule ;
Puis, sortant tout coup de ce calme trompeur,
Furieux, et frappant les chos de stupeur,
Dans l'abme sans fond le fleuve immense croule.
C'est la Chute ! son bruit de tonnerre fait peur
Mme aux oiseaux errants, qui s'loignent en foule
Du gouffre formidable o l'arc-en-ciel droule
Son charpe de feu sur un lit de vapeur.
Tout tremble ; en un instant cette norme avalanche
D'eau verte se transforme en monts d'cume blanche,
Farouches, perdus, bondissant, mugissant...
Et pourtant, mon Dieu, ce flot que tu dchanes,
Qui brise les rochers, pulvrise les chnes,
Respecte le ftu qu'il emporte en passant.
 FRA Adolphe-Basile Routhier, (1839 1920)
A puret
Je passais l'autre jour au bord d'une eau dormante,
Qui croupissait verdtre en un marais fangeux;
Et j'y vis, tremblotant sur sa tige charmante,
Un lotus dont l'clat blouissait les yeux.
Sa corolle de lys, ouverte, tincelante,
Sans souillures, flottait sur cet tang boueux;
Et, conservant toujours leur blancheur clatante,
Ses ptales d'argent se dressaient vers les cieux !
Il en doit tre ainsi sur terre de la femme.
Rien ne doit altrer la blancheur de son me...
Et, surnageant toujours parmi les flots humains,
Elle doit rester pure, au milieu de la fange,
Garder libre son coeur, libres ses ailes d'ange,
Et n'effleurer jamais l'ornire des chemins !
EN06 Isabella Valancy Crawford (1846 1887)
Beside the Sea
ONE time he dreamed beside a sea
That laid a mane of mimic stars
In fondling quiet on the knee
Of one tall, pearld cliff; the bars
Of golden beaches upward swept;
Pine-scented shadows seaward crept.
The full moon swung her ripened sphere
As from a vine; and clouds, as small
As vine leaves in the opening year,
Kissed the large circle of her ball.
The stars gleamed thro' them as one sees
Thor' vine leaves drift the golden bees.
He dreamed beside this purple sea;
Low sang its trancd voice, and he-
He knew not if the wordless strain
Made prophecy of joy or pain;
He only knew far stretched that sea,
He knew its name-Eternity.
 EN William Henry Drummond ( 1854 1907)
The Canadian Magpie
Mos' ev'ryman lak de robin
An' it's pleasan' for hear heem sing,
Affer de winter 's over
An' it 's comin' anoder spring.
De snow 's hardly off de mountain
An' it's cole too among de pine
But you know w'en he sing, de sout' win'
Is crowdin' heem close behin' .
EN Robert Stanley Weir (1856 1926)
O Canada!
O Canada! Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command.
With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North, strong and free!
And stand on guard, O Canada,
We stand on guard for thee.

An' mebbe you hear de grosbec
Sittin' above de nes'-
An' you see by de way he 's goin'
De ole man 's doin' hees bes'
Makin' de wife an' baby
Happy as dey can be-
An' proud he was come de fader
Such fine leetle familee.
O Canada! Where pines and maples grow.
Great prairies spread and lordly rivers flow.
How dear to us thy broad domain,
From East to Western Sea,
Thou land of hope for all who toil!
Thou True North, strong and free!

So here 's to de bird of winter

Wearin' de coonskin coat,
W'enever it 's bird election
You bet he can get ma vote-
Dat 's way I be feel about it,
Voyageurs let her go today!
W'iskey jack, get ready, we drink you
Toujours vot' bonne sant!
Baptme!
 EN Charles G.D.Roberts ( 1860 1943)
The Frosted Pane
One night came Winter noiselessly, and leaned
Against my window-pane.
In the deep stillness of his heart convened
The ghosts of all his slain.
Leaves, and ephemera, and stars of earth,
And fugitives of grass, --
White spirits loosed from bonds of mortal birth,
He drew them on the glass.
EN William Wilfred Campbell (1860 1918)
An October Evening
The woods are haggard and lonely,
The skies are hooded for snow,
The moon is cold in Heaven,
And the grasses are sere below.
The bearded swamps are breathing
A mist from meres afar,
And grimly the Great Bear circles
Under the pale Pole Star.
There is never a voice in Heaven,
Nor ever a sound on earth,
Where the spectres of winter are rising
Over the night's wan girth.
There is slumber and death in the silence,
There is hate in the winds so keen;
And the flash of the north's great sword-blade
Circles its cruel sheen.
The world grows agd and wintry,
Love's face peakd and white;
And death is kind to the tired ones
Who sleep in the north to-night.
 EN Archibald Lampman (1861 1899) EN06 Bliss Carman (1861 1929)
A January Morning At Sunrise

The glittering roofs are still with frost; each worn NOW the stars have faded
Black chimney builds into the quiet sky In the purple chill,
Its curling pile to crumble silently. Lo, the sun is kindling
Far out to westward on the edge of morn, On the eastern hill.
The slender misty city towers up-borne Tree by tree the forest
Glimmer faint rose against the pallid blue; Takes the golden tinge,
And yonder on those northern hills, the hue As the shafts of glory
Of amethyst, hang fleeces dull as horn. Pierce the summit's fringe.
And here behind me come the woodmen's sleighs Rock by rock the ledges
With shouts and clamorous squeakings; might and main Take the rosy sheen,
Up the steep slope the horses stamp and strain, As the tide of splendor
Urged on by hoarse-tongued driverscheeks ablaze, Floods the dark ravine.
Iced beards and frozen eyelidsteam by team, Like a shining angel
With frost-fringed flanks, and nostrils jetting steam. At my cabin door,
Shod with hope and silence,
Day is come once more.
Then, as if in sorrow
That you are not here,
All his magic beauties
Gray and disappear.

EN Emily Pauline Johnson Tekahionwake
(1861 - 1913)
The Homing Bee Poem
You are belted with gold, little brother of mine,
Yellow gold, like the sun
That spills in the west, as a chalice of wine
When feasting is done.
You are gossamer-winged, little brother of mine,
Tissue winged, like the mist
That broods where the marshes melt into a line
Of vapour sun-kissed.
You are laden with sweets, little brother of mine,
Flower sweets, like the touch
Of hands we have longed for, of arms that entwine,
Of lips that love much.
You are better than I, little brother of mine,
Than I, human-souled,
For you bring from the blossoms and red summer shine,
For others, your gold.
EN06 Frederick George Scott ( 1861 1944)
To France
What is the gift we have given thee, Sister?
What is the trust we have laid in thy hand?
Hearts of our bravest, our best, and our dearest,
Blood of our blood we have sown in thy land.
What for all time will the harvest be, Sister?
What will spring up from the seed that is sown?
Freedom and peace and goodwill among Nations,
Love that will bind us with love all our own.
Bright is the path that is opening before us,
Upward and onward it mounts through the night:
Sword shall not sever the bonds that unite us
Leading the world to the fullness of light.
Sorrow hath made thee more beautiful, Sister,
Nobler and purer than ever before;
We who are chastened by sorrow and anguish
Hail thee as sister and queen evermore.
 EN Duncan Campbell Scott ( 1862 1947)
The Leaf Poem
This silver-edged geranium leaf
Is one sign of a bitter grief
Whose symbols are a myriad more;
They cluster round a carven stone
Where she who sleeps is never alone
For two hearts at the core,
Bound with her heart make one of three,
A trinity in unity,
One sentient heart that grieves;
And myriad dark-leaved memories keep
Vigil above the triune sleep,--
Edged all with silver are the leaves.
EN Francis Joseph Sherman (1871 1926)
The House of Change
Was it last Autumn only, when I stood
At the fields edge, and watched the red glow creep
Among the leaves, and saw the swift flame sweep
From spruce to hemlock, till the living wood
Became a devastated solitude?
For now, behold, old seeds, long years asleep,
Wake; and a legion of young birches leap
To life, and tell the ashes life is good.
O Love of long ago, when this mad fire
Is over, and the ruins of my soul
With the Spring wind the old quest would resume,
When age knocks at the inn of youths desire,
Shall the new growth, now worthier of the goal,
Find still untenanted the chosen room?
 EN06 A. J. M. Smith (1902 1980) EN06 Leo Kennedy ( 1907 2000)
Political Intelligence Poem of one dead

Nobody said Apples for nearly a minute

I thought I should die.
Finally, though, the second sardine,
from the end, on the left,
converted a try.
(It brought down the house.
The noise was terrific.
I dropped my glass eye.)

Meanwhile Mr BaIdwin
managed to make himself heard.
He looked sad
but with characteristic aplomb said
keep calm there is no cause for alarm.
Two soldiers' crutches
on the spot with a little bit of fluff
from a lint bandage in the firing chamber
of a 12 inch gun.
People agreed not to notice.
The band played a little bit louder.
It was all very British.
 EN Abraham Moses Klein ( 1909 1972)
Sir Aries Virgo, astrology-professor,
Regards the stars, and prophesies five truces.
Herr Otto Shprinzen, of the same guild, a
guesser,
From the same stars the contrary deduces.
. . . Ides is foretold, and doomsday, and
Gods thunders.
January greets the unseen with a seer.
Augurs prognosticate, from signs and won-
ders,
Many a cradle, yea, and many a bier.
. . How he followd with them and tackd
with them and would not give it up,
How he saved the drifting company at last,
How the lank loose-gownd women lookd
when boated from the side of their pre-
pared graves
How the silent old-faced infants and the
lifted sick, and the sharp-lippd un-
shaven men;
All this I swallow, it tastes good, I like it
well, it becomes mine,
I was the man, I sufferd, I was there.
EN06 - Irving Layton ( 1912 2006)
Divinity
Were I a clumsy poet
I'd compare you to Helen;
Ransack the mythologies
Greek, Chinese and Persian
For a goddess vehement
And slim: one with form as fair.
Yet find none. O,love, you are
Lithe as a Jew peddler
And full of grace. Such lightness
Is in your step, instruments
I keep for the beholder
To prove you walk, not dance.
Merely to touch you is fire
In my head; my hair becomes
A burning bush. When you speak,
Like Moses I am dumb
With marvelling, or like him
I stutter with pride and fear:
I hold, Love, divinity
In my changed face and hair.
 FRA Anne Hbert, ( 1916 2000) EN06 Eli Mandel ( 1922 1992)
Marine The Moon in All Her Phases

quoi rvais-je tantt, I'd say, in the old manner:

Que jtais si bien? she imagines our existence,
Quel est ce flux its changes, illusions
Et ce reflux
Qui montent sur moi,
Et me font croire well, luminous times are gone
Que jtais endormie, most of my friends quarrel
Sur lle, drink
Avant le montant, are not, though satyrs,
Et les vagues lordly,
Maintenant recently one in rage
Me surprennent
told me he loved the first war
Tout lalentour?
because they sang such songs
Est-ce dans un coquillage
Que jentends la mer? we grope toward each other
Est-ce le vent sur nos ttes, hands fumble among clothes
Ou le sang qui bat ma tempe?
Dans quelle marine I cant remember:
Ai-je donc vu mes yeux? did your eyes
your body grow?
Qui donc a dit
I cant remember
Quils taient calmes
Comme un puits, the difficult lovely words.
Et quon pouvait
Sasseoir sur la margelle
Et mettre tout le bras
Jusquau coude
Dans leau lisse?
 EN Milton Acorn (1923 1986)
I shout love
I shout love in a blizzard's
scarf of curling cold,
for my heart's a furred sharp-toothed thing
that rushes out whimpering
when pain cries the sign writ on it.
I shout love into your pain
when skies crack and fall
like slivers of mirrors,
and rounded fingers, blued as a great rake,
pluck the balled yarn of your brain.
I shout love at petals peeled open
by stern nurse fusion-bomb sun,
terribly like an adhesive bandage,
for love and pain, love and pain
are companions in this age.
EN Margaret Avison, (1918 2007)
The New Year Poem
The Christmas twigs crispen and needles rattle
Along the window-ledge.
A solitary pearl
Shed from the necklace spilled at last week's party
Lies in the suety, snow-luminous plainness
Of morning, on the window-ledge beside them.
And all the furniture that circled stately
And hospitable when these rooms were brimmed
With perfumes, furs, and black-and-silver
Crisscross of seasonal conversation, lapses
Into its previous largeness.
I remember
Anne's rose-sweet gravity, and the stiff grave
Where cold so little can contain;
I mark the queer delightful skull and crossbones
Starlings and sparrows left, taking the crust,
And the long loop of winter wind
Smoothing its arc from dark Arcturus down
To the bricked corner of the drifted courtyard,
And the still window-ledge.
Gentle and just pleasure
It is, being human, to have won from space
This unchill, habitable interior
Which mirrors quietly the light
Of the snow, and the new year.
 EN George Bowering, (1935)
Any
Fresh out of the icebox, this brain looks
the wrong way from time to time, and misses
the cat stepping by, Gerry on the screen
laboring to tell the nuances his pink matter
almost notices, hes not my brother, not really
my close friend, just my necessary neighbor
on a bicycle going by like a whistle from
the lips of someone I trust. He has a peculiar
skeleton arranged his own way in the minds pasture.
We were as they say of an age and so inter-
twine somehow, though I wanted to work when
he wanted to play. That long nose is in my life
and in my writing and so is the Okanagan River.
I sometimes get to the river when I am at work,
the sun on my back not the ink in my pen.
There was, when I was last in the Okanagan Valley, a
cat with big paws in the neighborhood, I was told,
fires I could see along the hillside, stunning heat
from the sky, enough to thaw any brain.
EN06 Leonard Cohen (1934-2016)
Waiting for Marianne
I have lost a telephone
with your smell in it
I am living beside the radio
all the stations at once
but I pick out a Polish lullaby
I pick it out of the static
it fades I wait I keep the beat
it comes back almost asleep
Did you take the telephone
knowing I'd sniff it immoderately
maybe heat up the plastic
to get all the crumbs of your breath
and if you won't come back
how will you phone to say
you won't come back
so that I could at least argue
 EN06 Lionel Kearns (1937) EN Fred Wah (1939)
Contra Diction
Whats yr race
At worst I think poetry and she said
only a hobby, an activity similar to whats yr hurry
the youthful assembly how bout it cock
of silent model airplanes: asian man
my mother commenting: "So Im just going for curry.
constructive and it teaches something
too." My father at his guns, You ever been to ethni-city?
clearing his throat in reply. How bout multi-culti?

You ever lay out skin

for the white gaze?

What are you, banana

or egg? Coconut
maybe?

Something wrong Charlie

Chim-chong-say-wong-leung-chung?
You got a slant to yr marginal eyes?

You want a little rice with that garlic?

Is this too hot for you?
 EN Patrick Lane (1939)
stars

Those lights in the sky.

Little butterflies of the night,
little dreamers. Each time my lover
rises to walk in the early garden
I watch her from the window.
I cannot take my eyes from her.
See how she leans inside the dawn,
the cherry blossoms on her shoulders
as she touches the cat
who follows her everywhere, wanting
only to be with her
among the dark mosses.
How much light there is
in the high window of the night.
How I wait, knowing, for now
she comes to me,
her small feet wet with dew,
white as stars
in these last hours.
 EN06 Frank Davey, ( 1940)
The Piano
I sit on the edge
of the dining room, almost
in the living room where my parents,
my grandmother, & visitors
sit knee to knee along the chesterfield & in
the easy chairs. The room is full, & my feet
do not touch the floor, barely
reach the rail across the front
of my seat. Of course
you will want Bobby to play.words
that jump out from the clatter
of teacups & illnesses. The piano
is huge, unforgettable.
It takes up the whole end wall
of the living room, faces me down
a short corridor of plump
knees, balanced saucers, hitched
trousers. 'Well when is
Bob going to play?
one of them asks. My dad says,
'Come on, boy, theyd like you
to play for them, & clears
a plate of cake
from the piano bench. I walk between
the knees & sit down
where the cake was, switch on
the fluorescent light
above the music. Right at the first notes
the conversation returns to long tales
of weddings, relatives bombed out again
in England, someones baby
& there I am at the piano.
with no one listening or even
going to listen
unless I hit sour notes, or stumble
to a false ending.
I finish.
Instantly they are back to me. 'What a nice
touch he has, someone interrupts
herself to say.
'Its the hands, says another
'Its always the hands, you can tell
by the hands, & so I get up
& hide my fists
in my hands.
 EN Gwendolyn Margaret MacEwen
(1941 1987)
The Drunken Clock
The bells ring more than Sunday; Eve,
orchards and high wishes meet the bells
with grace and speed. The staggered
clocks only cousin the bells; after
the timed food, the urgent breakfeasts,
we lean to other seasons, seasons
of the first temple
of a basic Babel
of Sumer
of meek amoeba
Clocks count forward with craze, but
bells count backward with sober grade.
Tell us, in the high minute after they
sing, where the temple is, where
the bell's beat breaks all our hour-
glasses, where the jungled flesh is tied, bloodroots
FRA06 Nicole Brossard (1943)
Veine
un soir d't une autre femme
je dis toucher n'abolit pas la distance
tout est pratiquement rel
plus personne n'arrive marcher dans l'absolu
je dis toucher ou caresser qui a
la main tendue telle quelle sans autre argument que l'horizon quelques
mots pour me dtourner de l'impression que nous avons mal l o rien ne
ressemble rien
alors j'ai pens au mot destruction
et tout ce qu'il faudrait rassembler
(t, jazz, corps corps et tango,
immensit, jardin, rivage et quelques
insectes)
pour viter de voir
son propre corps trs grande vitesse
recomposer croisant les certitudes
la nuit puis chaque nuit encore la nuit
avoir heu toute une vie dans sa langue maternelle
joie de vie l'avoir l o elle passe rivire creusant sa mtaphore pas
d'agonie seulement le rcit
cette fte et choc de la rptidon
dos dos l'humanit ses petites lvres
parlant encore russe, arabe et mandarin
le long des mers et des rosiers
cette procession de vie
L, o est la tombe de ma mre
EN06 Daphne Buckle Marlatt, (1942 )

Slimey,
mackerel sea-sky (eyes down). Limed
public library steps, the gulls. Mean what they
cry. Time, time. How many stoops to a dead fish?
How would you like a tail in the eye, scales, a
little rheumy but other/wiseOff the point
they go fishing. Under latches of the bridge,
rusty, rattling their rods. Tide. Swirls down
deep there. Noon reigns with the street, a White Lunch.
 EN Brian Brett ( 1950) EN Barry Dempster ( 1952)
Night directions for the lost Books are

Turn left when you pass the frog Books do not breathe, or
barking under the pumphouse share your soup, stroke your
arms, inhale your rare perfumes.
and follow alongside the brown bats Books do not spit, love or scheme
dipping low above the pond. for more. Books do not live
Since all is near-invisible you can name everything. parallel lives. Books do not
pray or hold mirrors unto God.
We will let you give words to the dark. Books do not die with regrets.
Call back your memories,
the kasbah in Casablanca, What books do is talk
endlessly. Not to you or
the fragrant alleys behind the main the sycamores or the china
The road that led to where it ended. cups, but to no avail at all.
Call this a thistleseed, call that a fence. Talk, more talk. Books have
something to say and are bound
Call it all the wheel of the world. to say it. Books equal
Call it the whispering pasture under your feet. their words exactly.
And that noise like a marble falling down stairs,
Since my last letter I have
call it the owl celebrating the mouse it swallowed, been a book or several books
call your heart alive and pounding, together. I do not listen
call yourself a human being who sings in the shadows. or spit. I talk to thin air.
Name the animals, name the plants, name yourself, Books are and emphasize.
and keep on going until you can call it paradise. Nothing, they chant and storm
will ever stay the same. The
wind on everything, pages
turned, pages torn.
 EN06 Karen Solie (1966) EN06 Evie Christie ( 1979)
Life is a Carnival Straw

Dinner finished, wine in hand, in a vaguely competitive spirit Ive told you about the sheeps heart.
of disclosure, we trail Google Earth's invisible pervert I cant say how many pounds without
through the streets of our hometowns, but find them shabbier,
or grossly The blood, only that it was two fists, mine
contemporized, denuded of childhood's native flora, Not yours (which are considerably larger).
stuccoed or in some other way hostile
to the historical reenactments we expect of our former
settings. What sadness in the disused curling rinks, their illegal A man was ablaze on Queens Park Blvd., we heard
basement bars imploding, in the seed of a Walmart The sirens and later learned on TV that farming is,
sprouting in the demographic, in Street View's perpetual noon. As suspected, not the best career choice these days.
With pale
and bloated production values, hits of AM radio rise It wasnt like that when we smelled of straw.
to the surface of a network of social relations long obsolete.
We sense Remember our sun-burnt brothers bikes,
a loss of rapport. But how sweet the persistence
of angle parking! Would we burn these places rather than see Funded with 8 hour bailing days, minus lunch?
them Or how the smell of shit and feed announced
change, or just happily burn them, the sites of wreckage Formals and final grades? And your first time
from which we staggered with our formative injuries into the rest
of our lives. They cannot be consigned to the fourfold,
though the age we were belongs to someone else. Like our old In the barn, razor marks straw-lined you
house. Look what they've done to it. Who thought this would Neck-to-ass, and big, cool bovine eyes, so much
be fun?
Like the open shutters of heavy German cameras,
A concert, then, YouTube from those inconceivable days before Youd sometimes wonder what they kept of you.
YouTube, an era boarded over like a bankrupt country store,
cans still on its shelves, so hastily did we leave it. How beautiful
they are in their poncey clothes, their youthful higher
registers, fullscreen, two of them dead now. Is this eternity?
Encore, applause, encore; it's almost like being there.
Timeline:
Canada

)
 timeline

a
History
)
30 000- 12000 arrival of Amerindians from Siberia
Clovis Culture (13,200 BCE to 12,900 BCE)
Plano Culture (9000 BCE and 6000 BCE.)
Also animals such as bisons :
10,000 Yupi'k
13 000 Second wave of Amerindians
10.000 Nomadic amerindians arrived and migrated south

agriculture: tomatoes, potatoes, maize and tobacco

Clovis Culture - spearhead
Plano Culture
 Literatura
eskou asovou osu

History Groswater Culture (2000 BCE)

Art
2500 BCE until about 800 BCE Dorset Culture (500 BCE1500 CE) Tyara Maskette
Saqqaq culture (Greenland) Agnes Lake Petroglyphs
2,400 to 1,000 BC
Independence I culture
(Greenland)
2000 Groswater Culture
750 BCE - Taltheilei
700 BCE to 80 BCE
Independence II culture
(Greenland)
400 Old Bering Sea Culture
200 Iputiak culture
 Canadian First People Nations
Subarctic
people
Plains people
Pastoral society

Farmers inuit

woodland
Woodland hunters
200 Nomadic Ameridians move
Back North Histoire
500 Igloolik
600 Tunuk Culture
6th C Birnik culture
1492
800 End of Iputiak culture
800 End of Old Bering Sea
986 Bjarni Herjlfsson spotted land
while sailing
1000 Leif Eriksson arrives in
Vinland (Newfoundland)
1000 end of Taltheilei
1000 end of Igloolik
1000 Dorset Culture Holy Roman Empire
962 1054 Orthodox Schism

Timeline
Sivullirmiut, Tuniit
1000 Thule culture 1453 Fall of Constantinople
Kitlinermiut
Inupiak
:
12thC end of Birnik culture
1100 Classic Thule culture
art
1142 Iroquois Confederacy Iputiak Culture (100200
Haudenosaunee BCE - 800 CE)
Founded by Skennenrahawi Igloolik 500-1000 CE - carved
Deganawida (Great Peacemaker) bear
Five nations: Mohawk, Oneida Thule Culture (1000 - 1850) -
Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca zoomorphic statue
Other such as: Erie, Susquehannock, The Ojibwe, Chippewa -
Huron (Wendat) and Wyandot lived Embroidery , petroglyph
Around the St. Lawrence The Cree - Nhiyaw; -
1400 Classic Thule ends embroidered cloth
With extinction of the Tuniit
1400 Postclassic Thule
Inuit, Netsilingmuit, and
Inglulingmuit, Inuvialuit
1400 Yup'ik settle by the
Yukon river
1500 End of Dorset Culture
 History
1497 - Giovanni Caboto Venician 1492 1776
explorer explores Nova Scotia and
Labrador
1501 Gaspar de Corte Real
Portuguese explorer arrives in Labrador
1521 - Joo lvares explores Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland
1524 - Giovanni da Verrazzano
explores Newfoundland
1536 Jacques Cartier explores inland
along the St Lawrence
Gulf claims it for France
1600 French missionaries
1600 Trading post with the Crees
1603 Samuel de Champlain meets the Ligne du temps Littratureart
Iroquois Claude Chauchetire (1645-1709)
1604 Acadia (Quebec, maritime Ex-voto des trois naufrags de Lvis
territories, Maine and Kennebec) (1754)
1615 meeting of the Huron delegation William Berczy (1744 1813)

and Samuel de Champlain
1648, Semen Dejnev, a Cossack
explorer sails around the Bering
16481649 Defeat of the Huron
and Petun against the Iroquois
1700s: Kahnawake and Kanesatake
founded by the Mohawks
1700 Prince Edward Island -English
1713 Acadia conquered by English
1717 Settlement of Caribou Inuit
in Manitoba.
1728 Vitus Bering explores
The straits for Russia
1722, the Tuscarora tribe joins the
Iroquois confederacy
1741 Bering dies during expedition
1754-1763 French and Indian Wars
1760 - Halifax Treaties
1763 - Royal Proclamation
Music
Franois Baillairg (1759 1830)
Nicolas Dipre ( c. 1495-1532)
) Jean Cousin (1500 ?1593)
Franois Clouet (c. 1510 1572) Marc Lescarbot (c. 15701641)
02Bernard Palissy (c. 1510 ?1589) collected songs by native people
Antoine Caron (15211599) Henri Membertou (died 18 September 1611)
Jean Cousin Le jeune (ca. 15221595) Ren Menard (1605 -1661)
Jacques Lemoyne (1533-1588) Louis Jolliet (16451700)
Toussaint Dubreuil (c.15611602) Charles-Amador Martin, (1648 1711),
Claude Deruet (15881660) Joseph Quesnel ( 1746 1809)
Simon Vouet (1590 1649) Graduel Romain anthologie
Georges de la Tour (1593-1652)
Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665)
Louis le Nain (1593-1648)
) Claude Lorrain (1600-1682)
J
1776 1865
s
Art
Joseph Lgar ( 1795 1855)
born between 1800 and 1850
Sbastien Plamondon (18041895)
Paul Kane ( 1810 1871)
John Bell Smith (1810 - 1883)
Cornelius Krieghoff (1815 1872)
Aron of Kangeq (1822-1869)
Adolphe Vogt (1843-1871)
Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith
( 1846 1923)
Inuit Culture (since 1850)
Homer Ransford Watson (1855 1936)
Horatio Walker ( 1858 1938)
James Wilson Morrice (1865 1924)
Timeline
Music
Union Harmony 1801
J.F. Lehman - The Merry Bells of England
Robert S. Ambrose ( 1824 1908)
Jean-Baptiste Labelle ( 1825 - 1898)
Alexander Muir ( 1830 1906)
Calixa Lavalle, (1842 1891)
John E P. Aldous ( 1853 1934)
Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann ( 1855 1946) ) -
History
1830 Indian Removal Act in the
USA result in a wave of
Amerindians refugees to Canada
1843 Fort Victoria, established
1857 Gold Rush prompts the
creation of British Columbia
1858 colony of British columbia
1865 Purchase of Alaska from the
Russian Empire by the USA
Literature
Thomas Chandler Haliburton (1796 1865)
Catharine Parr Traill (1802 1899)
Susanna Moodie (1803 1885)
Philippe Aubert de Gasp (18141841)
Louis-Honor Frchette, (1839 1908)
Adolphe-Basile Routhier, (1839 1920)
Arthur Buies (1840 - 1901 )
Isabella Valancy Crawford (1846 1887)
William Henry Drummond ( 1854 1907)
Robert Stanley Weir (1856 1926)
Charles G.D.Roberts ( 1860 1943)
William Wilfred Campbell (1860 1918)
Archibald Lampman (1861 1899)
Bliss Carman (1861 1929)
Emily Tekahionwake (1861 - 1913),
Frederick George Scott ( 1861 1944)
Duncan Campbell Scott ( 1862 1947)
1866 Vancouver Isand becomes part
of British Columbia
1867 End of the Gold Rush
1867, Canada, New Brunswick, and
Nova Scotia become provinces
1867 - John A. Macdonald PM
1870 province of Manitoba
1871 province of British Columbia
1873 Province of Prince Edward
1873 Cypress Hills Massacre
1873 - Mounted Police
1873 - Alexander Mackenzie PM
1875 creation of the supreme court
1876 creation of military college
1876 - Indian Act
1878 John A Macdonald PM
1879 National Tariffs
History Literature
1881 Canadian pacific railway
1884 Residential schools
1885 - North-West Rebellion
1890Manitoba Schools Question
1891 John Abbott PM
1892 John Thompson PM
1892 Abolition of French as an
official language (except Quebec)
1894 Mackensie Bowell PM
1896 Wilfrid Laurier PM
1902 extinction of Sadlermiut
(end of Dorset Culture)
1905 Alberta province
1905 Satkatchewan Province
1909 Department of external affairs
1911 Robert Borden PM
1914 World War I
1918 End of World War I
1918 Women suffrage (not
amerindiens)
1923 Chinese Immigration Act
1865 1925
ART
)
R Carr (1871 1945)
Emily
timeline J.E.) H.MacDonald (1873 1932),
Tom Thomson (1877 1917)
Mungo Martin 1879-1962
Ethel Seath (1879 1963)
Fred Varley (1881 1969),
Clarence Gagnon (1881-1942)
A.Y. Jackson(1882 1974)
David Milne, ( 1882 1953)
Lawren Harris, ( 1885 1970)
Arthur Lismer( 1885 1969)
Russian revolution Kathleen Munn (18871974)
Bertram Brooker (1888 1955)
Frank Johnston (1888 1949)
Francis Joseph Sherman (1871 1926) Music Franklin Carmichael ( 1890 1945)
Emily Carr (1871 1945)
Lucy Maud Montgomery,(1874 1942),Paul Ambrose (1868 1941) Kathleen Morris (1893 1986)
Anne Savage ( 1896 1971)
Norman Bethune (1890 1939) Mungo Martin 1879-1962
F. R. Scott (1899 1985) Robert Nathaniel Dett (1882 1943) Prudence Heward (1896 1947)
Andr Charles Biler (1896 1989)
A. J. M. Smith (1902 1980) Georges-mile Tanguay (1893 1964
Peter Pitseolak (1902 - 1973 Guy Lombardo (19021977), Yvonne McKague Housser (1897 1996),
Paraskeva Clark ( 18981986)
Earle Birney, (1904 1995) Murray Adaskin (1906 2002)
Leo Kennedy ( 1907 2000) Portia White (19111968). Thoreau MacDonald ( 1901 1989)
Helen Kalvak (1901 - 1984)
Abraham Moses Klein ( 1909 1972) Hank Snow (19141999)
Gabrielle Roy (1909 1983) Flix Leclerc,(1914 1988) Isabel McLaughlin, (1903 - 2002)
Pegi Nicol MacLeod, ( 1904 1949)
Irving Layton ( 1912 2006) Oscar Peterson (19252007)
William Robertson Davies (1913 1995) Pitseolak Ashoona( 19081983)
Anne Hbert, ( 1916 2000), art Goodridge Roberts (19041974)
Margaret Avison, (1918 2007) Paul-mile Borduas ( 1905 1960)
Marian Dale Scott (1906 1993)
Al Purdy ( 1918 2000) Daphne Odjig ( 1919 2016)
Mavis Gallant ( 1922 2014), Jessie Oonark,( 1906 1985)
Bill Reid Jr( 1920 1998) Jack Bush (1909 1977)
Eli Mandel ( 1922 1992) Alex Colville (1920 2013)
Albert Norman Levine ( 1923 2005)Jean-Paul Riopelle (1923 2002) Marion Tuu'luq (19102002),
Pudlo Pudlat ( 1916-, 1992)
Milton Acorn (1923 1986), Osuitok Ipeelee (1923 -2005)
Monica Hughes, (1925 2003) Jacques de Tonnancour,(1917 2005)
I.
1921 William Lyon Mackenzie King PM
1926 Balfour Declaration
Old Age Security
Canadian diplomats (USA, France, Japan) 1925
1929 The Great Depression
1930 RB Bennett PM
1931 - Statute of Westminster
1932 Canadian Broadcasting
1934 Bank of Canada
1935 William Lyon Mackenzie King PM
1935 Air Canada
1939 Inuit classified as Indians
1939 World War II
1940 Unemployment insurance
1945 End of World War II
1945 joins the UN
1948 - Louis St. Laurent PM
1949 Newfoundland Province
1949 London Declaration
1952 Amerindiens granted Canadian
Citizenship
1955 joins NATO
1956 United Nations emergency force
1957 - John Diefenbaker
1960 Bill of Rights
1960 Amerindian and inuit cultural revival
1963 - Lester B. Pearson PM
1965 New flag
1965 Statue of Corte-Real put in
Labrador-Newfoundland
1968 Pierre Trudeau PM
1969 Official languages act
1977 Human Rights Act
1980 Quebec referendum
1980 National Energy Program (NEP)
1982 Patriation
1982 Charter of Rights
1984 Canada Health Act
Ligne du temps
Creation of
the UN (1945)
Creation of
The EEC
1985
Literature
Margaret Laurence, ( 1926 1987)
Antonine Maillet (1929)
Alice Munro ( 1931)
ART Mordecai Richler ( 1931 2001)
Kenojuak Ashevak, (1927 2013) George Harry Bowering, (1935)
) Norval Morrisseau, (1932 2007) Carol Ann Shields, (1935 , 2003)
Alistair MacLeod, (1936 2014)
Eddy Cobiness, (1933 1996)
Roch Carrier (1937)
Simon Tookoome ( 1934-2010)
Lionel Kearns (1937)
Alex Janvier ( 1935)
Margaret Atwood (1939)
Carl Ray (1943 1978)
Fred Wah, (1939)
Jackson Beardy (1944 1984)
Germaine Arnaktauyok (b. 1946)) Patrick Lane (1939)
Frank Davey, ( 1940)
Tim Pitsiulak (1967 2016)
Annie Pootoogook (1969 2016) Gwendolyn MacEwen (1941 1987)
Nicole Brossard (1943)
Rmi LaBarre (1977)
Daphne Marlatt,, (1942 )
Louise Marion
Michael Ondaatje (1943),
Brian Brett ( 1950)
Alootook Ipellie (1951 2007)
Barry Dempster ( 1952)
Lawrence Hill (born 1957)
Yann Martel, (1963)
Rawi Hage (Rw j) (1964 )
Karen Solie (born 1966)
Ken Babstock (born 1970)
Evie Christie ( 1979))
Music
Colette Bonheur ( 1927 1966)
Leonard Cohen (1934 2016)
Ronald Hawkins, ( 1935)
Gordon Lightfoot (1938)
Paul Anka (1941)
Joni Mitchell,; (1943)
Robert Charlebois (1944)
Diane Dufresne(1944)
Anna McGarrigle, (, 1944)
Neil Young (1945),
Yves Lapierre (1946)
Ginette Reno, ( 1946)
Kate McGarrigle, (1946 2010)
Edward Gamblin (1948 2010)
Carole Laure ( 1948)
Daniel Lavoie (1949)
Fabienne Thibeault ( 1952)
Diane Tell (1958)
Roch Voisine (1963)
Shania Twain, (1965)
Susan Aglukark (1967)
Cline Dion (1968)
Simeonie Keenainak
Lara Fabian (1970)
Alanis Morissette (1974)
Derek Miller ( 1974)
Michael Bubl (1975)
George Leach (1975)
Tanya Tagak ( 1975)
Rgine Chassagne (1976)
Lucie Idlout
 History
1984 Brian Mulroney PM
. Cancellation NEP
1984
1987 - Meech Lake Accord
1988 Free Trade with USA
1988 Air Canada privatised
1990 - Oka Crisis
1991 Goods and service tax
1992 Treaty of Sakatchewan
1994 NAFTA with USA and Mexico
1993 Jean Chrtien PM
1993 Firearms act
1995 Quebec Referendum
1995 Privatisation of Canadian National
Railway Company
1996 end of the residential schools
1997 Kyoto Protocol
1999 Environmental Protection Act
1999 Nuvavut Province
1999 Creation of the G20
2001 Afghanistan War
2003 Paul Martin PM
2005 - Civil Marriage Act
2005 - Kelowna Accord
2006 Ontario terrorism case
2006 - Stephen Harper PM
2008 Apologies for Residential Schoolskilometres (3.85 million square miles).
2008 Financial Crisis
2008 Withdrawal from Kyoto Protocol It is one of the largest countries in the
2015 Anti Terrorism Act
2015 Justin Trudeau PM
2015 Paris Agreement
2015 Syrian Refugees
1985 Ligne du temps
Wars on terror
9/11 Paris Climate Change
euro Refugee crisis
Music mp3s
1986 EEC becomes EU
Canada comes from the St. Lawrence
Iroquoian word kanata, meaning
"village" or "settlement and was adopted
by the French explorer Jacques Cartier music
for the whole region around the St.
Nelly Furtado ( 1978)
Lawrence river. Natasha St-Pier (1981)
Annie Villeneuve ( 1983)
Canada has ten provinces and three Avril Lavigne ( 1984)
territories. It extends from the Atlantic to Eva Avila ( 1987)
the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Cur de pirate (Batrice Martin) (1989),
Nikki Yanofsky (1994),
Ocean, covering 9.98 million square
35,151,728 people live in Canada.
The earliest inhabitants came via the
world.Its official languages are EN-
Bering Straits around 15.000 BC;
English and FRA-French
As a result of its history,
Canadian culture is represented by a
diversity of people