TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 4398 : 2001

(ISO 377 : 1991)
THP V SN PHM THP - V TR LY MU, CHUN B PHI MU V TH C TNH
Steel and steel products - Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical
testing
Li ni u
TCVN 4398 : 2001 thay th TCVN 4398 : 1987.
TCVN 4398 : 2001 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 377:1997.
TCVN 4398 : 2001 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC 164 Th c l kim bi bin son. Tng
cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng ban hnh.

THP V SN PHM THP - V TR LY MU, CHUN B PHI MU V TH C TNH

Steel and steel products - Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for
mechanical testing
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v v tr ly mu, chun b mu v mu th c tnh cc sn
phm thp hnh, thp thanh, thp trn, thp tm v thp ng theo nh ngha trong ISO 6929.
Nu c tha thun trong n t hng, tiu chun ny cng c p dng cho cc sn phm
kim loi khc. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho th khng ph hy.
Cc phi mu v mu th ny dng trong cc php th c tin hnh theo cc phng php
quy nh trong tiu chun sn phm hoc tiu chun vt liu, trong trng hp cc tiu chun
khng c th theo qui nh trong tiu chun th nghim ny.
Trong trng hp cc yu cu trong n t hng hoc trong tiu chun sn phm khc vi cc
qui nh trong tiu chun ny th p dng theo cc yu cu ca n t hng hoc theo tiu
chun sn phm.
2. Tiu chun trch dn
ISO 3785 - 1) Vt liu kim loi - K hiu trc mu th.
Metallic materials - Designation of test piece axes.
ISO 6929:1987 Sn phm thp - nh ngha v phn loi.
Steel products - Definitions and classification.
3. nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc nh ngha theo ISO 6292 v cc nh ngha sau:
3.1 L kim tra (test unit): S lng mu th hoc khi lng sn phm cng c chp nhn
hoc loi b trn c s cc php th c tin hnh trn sn phm ly mu theo cc yu cu
ca tiu chun sn phm hoc n t hng (xem hnh 1).
3.2 Sn phm ly mu (sample product): Sn phm (v d thanh, tm, cun) ly kim tra
v / hoc th (xem hnh 1).
 Hnh 1 - V d cc thut ng nh ngha trong iu 3
3.3 Phi mu (sample): Lng vt liu ly t sn phm ly mu ch to mt hoc
nhiu mu th (xem hnh 1).
Ch thch - Trong mt s trng hp, phi mu c th l c sn phm ly mu.
3.4 Phi mu th ( rough specimen): Phn ca phi mu qua gia cng c dng ch to
mu th (xem hnh 1).
3.5 Mu th (test piece): Phn ca phi mu hoc phi mu th c kch thc theo qui nh
c hoc khng c gia cng c, t cc iu kin theo qui nh ca php th (xem hnh 1).
Ch thch - Trong mt s trng hp, mu th c th l phi mu hoc phi mu th.
3.6 iu kin chun (reference condition): iu kin ca phi mu, phi mu th hoc mu
th qua nhit luyn i din cho iu kin gia cng cui ca sn phm.
Ch thch - Trong trng hp ny, phi mu, phi mu th hoc mu th c gi l phi mu
chun, phi mu th chun hoc mu th chun.
4. Yu cu chung
4.1 Th i din
Phi mu, phi mu th v mu th c ly theo qui nh ca ph lc A c coi l i din
cho sn phm.
Ch thch - Do kt qu ca qui trnh ch to nh l cn, c, gia cng nng hoc ngui, nhit
luynsn phm thp khng ng nht. C tnh ca mu ly t v tr khc nhau c th khc
nhau.
4.2 Nhn nhn bit sn phm mu, phi mu, phi mu th v mu th
Sn phm mu, phi mu, phi mu th v mu th phi c ghi nhn m bo c th tm
ra sn phm gc v v tr ly mu, hng ly mu trn sn phm. t c iu , trong
qu trnh chun b phi mu, phi mu th v / hoc mu th, khng c php b nhn, vic di
chuyn nhn phi c thc hin trc khi nhn ang c b loi b hoc trong trng hp thit
b chun b mu l t ng, phi c thc hin trc khi ly mu th ra khi thit b. Trong
trng hp kim tra v th c bit hoc khi khch hng yu cu vic di chuyn nhn phi c
thc hin vi s c mt ca i din khch hng.
Vic ghi nhn phi mu, phi mu th v mu th l khng cn thit, trong trng hp h thng
dy chuyn chun b v th nghim l hon ton t ng c h thng kim tra thch hp.
5. Chun b phi mu v ly mu th
5.1 Ly mu, kch thc ca phi mu v v tr ly mu th
Phi ly phi mu m bo c v tr ca mu th ph hp theo qui nh ca ph lc A. Phi
mu phi c kch thc ch to mu th theo yu cu tin hnh cc php th v th li
khi cn
5.2 Hng ca trc mu th
Quan h gia hng ca trc mu th vi hng ca gia cng phi c qui nh trong cc tiu
chun sn phm hoc n t hng. Tn gi ca trc mu th phi theo qui nh ca ISO 3785.
5.3 iu kin th v cch ly phi mu
5.3.1 Yu cu chung
Tiu chun vt liu hoc sn phm phi qui nh rng php th xc nh tnh cht.
a) iu kin cung cp (xem 5.3.2) hoc l
b) iu kin chun (xem 5.3.3).
5.3.2 Th nh iu kin cung cp
Mu dng th nh iu kin cung cp phi c ly t sn phm,
a) Sau khi to hnh v hon thnh nhit luyn hoc
b) Trc khi nhit luyn, trong trng hp ny mu phi c nhit luyn trong iu kin ging
mu nhit luyn sn phm.
Vic ly phi mu phi khng c lm thay i tnh cht ca phn phi mu dng ch to
mu th.
Khi chun b mu th nu phi lm phng v un thng th phi thc hin bng gia cng ngui,
tr khi c qui nh khc trong tiu chun sn phm.
5.3.3 Th iu kin tiu chun
5.3.1 Phi mu
Phi mu dng th trong iu kin tiu chun phi c ly t sn phm ti giai on ch to
c qui nh trong tiu chun sn phm hoc n t hng.
Vic ly phi mu phi khng c lm thay i tnh cht ca phn phi mu dng ch to
mu th sau khi nhit luyn.
Ch thch - Khi cn thit phi lm phng v ung thng, phi thc hin bng gia cng nng hoc
ngui trc khi nhit luyn. Nu thc hin bng gia cng nng, phi thc hin nhit thp
hn nhit nhit luyn ln cui.
5.3.3.2 Phi mu th
Phi mu th dng th iu kin chun phi c ly nh sau:
a) Gia cng c trc khi nhit luyn: khi phi mu c ch to nh hn dng cho nhit luyn,
tiu chun sn phm phi qui nh kch thc m phi mu th phi gim xung v phi qui nh
qu trnh gia cng nh l rn, cn, gia cng c.
b) Nhit luyn: Nhit luyn phi mu th phi c thc hin trong mi trng m bo chc
chn c nhit ng u v nhit ny c o bng cc thit b c hiu chun. Nhit
luyn phi m bo theo cc yu cu qui nh ca tiu chun sn phm hoc ca n t hng.
6. Chun b mu th
6.1 Ct mu v gia cng mu
Vic ct v gia cng phi mu v phi mu th chun b mu th phi c tin hnh vi s
cn thn cn thit trnh lm bin cng b mt lm vic hoc nung nng vt liu lm thay i
c tnh. Sau khi gia cng c, phi loi b tt c cc du vt ca dng c c th lm nh hng
n kt qu th bng mi (c lm ngui tt) hoc bng nh bng, sao cho vn m bo kch
thc v hnh dng ca mu th nm trong dung sai c qui nh trong tiu chun th thch
hp.
6.2 Nhit luyn chun
Nu phi nhit luyn mu th th cc yu cu v nhit luyn cng ging nh i vi phi mu
th [(xem 5.3.3.2.b)]

Ph lc A
(qui nh)
V tr ly phi mu v mu th
A.1 Qui nh chung
Ph lc ny p dng i vi v tr ca mu th ca cc dng sn phm sau y:
- nh hnh;
- Thanh v thanh trn;
- Sn phm tm;
- Sn phm ng.
V tr ly mu th th ko v th dai va p theo qui nh ca hnh A.1 n A.15. i vi
th v tr ngang cng ging nh mu th ko.
Khi c yu cu nhiu mu th, c th ly lin k nhau ti v tr c qui nh.
A.2 Thp hnh
A.2.1 V tr ly mu th mt ct ngang ca thp hnh
V tr ly mu th theo qui nh trn hnh A.1
Ch thch
1) i vi thp hnh c thn vt; nu c s ng khi t hng c th ly phi mu phn thn
ca hnh [xem hnh A.1.b) v d)] hoc gia cng phi mu ly t phn chn vt.
2) i vi thp gc chn khng u, c th ly mu bt k chn no.
A.2.2 V tr ly mu th trn chiu dy ca thp hnh
A.2.2.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.2. Phi s dng mu th ton b chiu dy [(xem
hnh A.2.a)] khi my gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
A.2.2.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh trn hnh A.3.
A.3 Thp trn v thp thanh
A.3.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko phi c chn theo qui nh ca hnh A.4. Phi s dng mu th ton b
tit din [xem hnh A.4.a)] khi iu kin gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
A.3.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh trn hnh A.5.
A.4 Thp hnh su cnh
A.4.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.6.
Phi s dng mu th ton b tit din [xem hnh A.6.a)] khi iu kin gia cng c v thit b th
cho php.
A.4.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.7.
A.5 Thp hnh ch nht
A.5.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.8.
Phi s dng mu th ton b tit din hoc mu th thp hnh ch nht [xem hnh A.8.a), b) v
c)] khi iu kin gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
A.5.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh trn hnh A.9.
A.6 Thp tm
A.6.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.10.
Phi s dng mu th ton b tit din khi iu kin gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
Khi c qui nh phi c mu th ko ngang v chiu rng ca sn phm tm khng ly
W W
mu th v tr , th tm ca mu th phi cng gn cng tt.
4 4
A.6.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh ca hnh A.11. i vi sn phm c chiu dy
khng nh hn 40 mm, v tr ly mu [hnh A.11 a), b) hoc c)] phi c qui nh trong tiu
chun sn phm hoc trong n t hng.
A.7 Sn phm dng ng
A.7.1 ng v thp hnh l trn
A.7.1.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.12. Phi s dng mu th ton b tit din [hnh
A.12.a)] khi gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
i vi ng hn khi s dng mu th dng bng th mi hn, mi hn phi gia mu th.
Ch thch
1) Dng ton b tit din lm mu th nh ch dn trn hnh A.12.a) cng c p dng cho ng
th.
- Th nn phng;
- Th m rng ming;
- Th gp mp;
- Th m rng vng;
- Th ko vng;
- Th un ton b tit din.
2) S dng mu th trn hnh A.12.b) th un di.
Nu khng c qui nh trong tiu chun sn phm hoc trong n t hng, v tr ly mu theo
hng dnngi sn xut.
A.7.1.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh trn hnh A.13. V tr ny p dng cho c ng thp
khng hn v ng thp hn.
Nu khng c qui nh trong tiu chun sn phm hoc trong n t hng, v tr ly mu theo
hng dn ca ngi sn xut.
Hng ca mu th c xc nh theo kch thc ca ng. Khi c qui nh mu th nm v
tr ngang phi ch to kch thc rng nht ti mc c th gia 10 mm v 5 mm.
ng knh ng (danh ngha) nh nht Dmin c c mu th nh vy c xc nh bng
cng thc:
756,25
Dmin (T 5)
T 5
trong T l chiu dy thnh ng.
Khi tch thc nh nht cho php ca mu th ngang khng t c, phi dng mu th dc
c kch thc rng ln nht ti mc c th gia 10 mm v 5 mm.
A.7.2 Thp hnh l ch nht
A.7.2.1 Mu th ko
V tr ly mu th ko theo qui nh trn hnh A.14. Phi s dng mu th ton b tit din (xem
hnh A.14a) khi iu kin gia cng c v thit b th cho php.
A.7.2.2 Mu th dai va p
V tr ly mu th dai va p theo qui nh trn hnh A.15.
 Hnh A.1 - Thp hnh - V tr ly mu th ko v
th dai va p trn chiu rng ca chn (xem A.2.1)
Kch thc tnh bng milimet

a) Mu th ton b chiu dy khi t 50 mm

 b) Mu th trn khi t 50 mm

c) Mu th trn khi t > 50 mm

Hnh A.2 - Thp hnh - V tr ly mu th ko trn chiu dy ca chn (xem A.2.2.1)
Kch thc tnh bng milimet

Hnh A.3 - Thp hnh - V tr ly mu th dai va p

trn chiu dy ca chn (xem A.2.2.2)
Kch thc tnh bng milimet

a) Mu th ton b tit din (u tin, xem A.3.1) b) Mu th trn khi d 25 mm

c) Mu th trn khi d > 25 mm d) Mu th trn khi d 50 mm
Hnh A.4 - Thp trn v thp thanh - V tr ly mu th ko (xem A.3.1)

a) Khi d 25 mm b) Khi 25 mm < d 50 mm

c) Khi d > 25 mm d) Khi d > 50 mm

Hnh A.5 - Thp trn v thp thanh - V tr ly mu th dai va p (xem A.3.2)
Kch thc tnh bng milimet
a) Mu th ton b tit din (u tin, xem A.4.1) b) Mu th trn khi s 25 mm

c) Mu th trn khi s > 25 mm d) Mu th trn khi s > 50 mm

Hnh A.6 - Thp thanh su cnh - V tr ly mu th ko (xem A.4.1)
Kch thc tnh bng milimet

a) Khi s 25 mm b) Khi 25 mm < s 50 mm

c) Khi s > 25 mm d) Khi s > 50 mm

Hnh A.7 - Thp thanh su cnh - V tr ly mu th dai va p (xem A.4.2)
Kch thc tnh bng milimt Kch thc tnh bng milimt
a) Mu th ton b tit din (khi c th, xem A.5.1) a) Khi 12 mm w 50 mm v t 50 mm

b) Mu th hnh ch nht khi w 50 mm b) Khi w > 50 mm v t 50 mm

c) Mu th hnh ch nht khi w > 50 mm c) Khi w > 50 mm v t > 50

d) Mu th trn khi w 50 mm v t 50 mm

e) Mu th trn khi w > 50 v t 50 mm

f) Mu th trn khi w > 50 mm v t > 50 mm

Hnh A.8 - Thp thanh hnh ch nht Hnh A.9 - Thp thanh hnh ch nht -
V tr ly mu th ko (xem A.5.1) V tr ly mu th dai va p (Xem A.5.2)
Kch thc tnh bng milimt
 a) Mu th ton b mt ct (u tin, xem A.5.1) Kch thc tnh bng milimt

b) Khi t 30 mm a) i vi tt c cc gi tr t

c) Mu th trn khi 25 mm < t < 50 mm b) Khi t > 40 mm

d) Mu th trn khi t 50 mm c) Khi t 40 mm

Hnh A.10 - Sn phm tm Hnh A.11 - Sn phm tm - V tr ly mu
V tr ly mu th ko (xem A.6.1) th dai va p (xem A.6.2)

a) Mu th ton b tit din b) Mu th hnh ch nht

c) Mu th trn
L = Mu th dc
T = Mu th ngang
Hnh A.12 - Sn phm ng - V tr ly mu th ko ng
v thp hnh l trn (xem A.7.1.1)
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

a) Mu th dai va p b) Mu th dai va p khi t > 40 mm

L = Mu th dc
T = Mu th ngang
Hnh A.13 - Sn phm ng - V tr ly mu th dai va p ng
v thp hnh l trn (xem A.7.1.2)
 a) Mu th ton b tit din b) Mu th hnh ch nht
L = Mu th dc
T = Mu th ngang
Hnh A.14 - Sn phm ng - V tr ly mu th ko thp rng lng (xem A.7.2.1)
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

L = Mu th dc
T = Mu th ngang
Hnh A.15 - Sn phm ng - V tr ly mu th dai va p thp rng lng (xem A.7.2.2)