Phn mm v mch v m phng circuit maker

& to mch in traxmaker

I. Gii thiu chung:

Phn mm v v m phng mch in Circuit Maker -c nh gi kh mnh v -c
s dng nhiu. u im ca n l n gin, msdfsdf t chnh xc cc mch s. Hnh
v sau th hin giao din ca Circuit Maker
Cc Menu

Vng khng
gian v mch

c th hc nhanh 1 phn mm v mch, ta cn hiu r cc b-c cn thit to 1

mch in. Vi bt k phn mm v mch no, ch cn nm -c 3 b-c sau l bn
c th s dng tt phn mm :
1.Chn linh kin : Bit -c linh kin mnh cn nm u, v thay i cc thng s
ca n nh- th no.
2.i dy.
3.Tin hnh m phng: cch thc chy m phng, thay i cc tham s cho qu trnh
m phng.
II.Ci t ch-ng trnh:
Phn mm v mch ny c phin bn mi nht (nm 2002) l CircuitMaker 6.2 km
theo l phn mm v mch in :TraxMaker 3.03 Pro. Ti mt s ca hng a ti H Ni
(L Nam , Thu Li, Cha H) u c bn a Electronic cha phn mm ny, tuy
vy trnh mua phi phin bn c bn nn kim tra ni dung a.
Hu ht cc phn mm ng dng ti n-c ta u km theo ch-ng trnh b kho
(crack), bn c th tham kho file Readme.txt, hay Setup.txt trong th- mc ci t c
thm thng tin.
Sau y l th t ci t v b kho cho ch-ng trnh:
B-c 1 Chy dsdemo.exe .
B-c 2 Ci CircuitMaker bng vic chy cm62p.exe , ci TraxMaker bng vic chy
tm303p.exe.
B-c 3 Sau chy ch-ng trnh va ci, bn s b hi name v serial number.
Vi CircuitMaker: -name : Blastsoft
-Serial Number: 122222217.
Vi Trax Maker -Name : blastsoft
- Serial Number: 617176107.
Sau khi nhp cc thng tin trn, bn c th s dng khng hn ch phn mm ny.
III S dng ch-ng trnh.
1
 CircuitMaker tch ri 2 chc nng : m phng s v m phng t-ng t. Do vy,
y s trnh by ring 2 phn ny.
Ta s ch rng, vi m phng t-ng t i khi khng chnh xc nh- trong thc
t. L do l c s khc bit v chng loi linh kin, km theo nhng nh h-ng ca mi
tr-ng, nhit , nhiu... Tuy vy, m phng s kh chnh xc.
III.1. M phng s:
III.1.1Chn linh kin:
Th- vin linh kin s ca Circuit Maker bao gm t nhng cng logic c bn
nh- AND, OR n nhng IC s c cc chc nng phc tp. C 2 cch chn linh kin:
1.T Bng chn: Nhn Device/Browse (hay nhn chut phi/Browse hay nhn 'x') s
hin ra bng chn:

Cc linh kin s dng ch yu:

a.Cc cng logic (AND, OR...): t bng chn, chn Digital Basics/Gate.
b. Cc Flip-Flop : t bng chn, chn Digital Basis/Flip-Flops.
c. Ngun xung:
-Ngun xung c tn s xc nh: Nhn Digital/Intrusment/Pulse.
-Ngun xung thay i khng lin tc (c xung khi ta tc ng) :
Digital/Power/Logic Switch. Ngun xung ny thc cht l mt chuyn mch, c 2 mc
0V v 5V, chuyn t mc ny sang mc khc khi ta nhy chut (n) vo ngun.
d. Ngun cung cp: Digital/Power/+V.
e. Hin th:
-LED n: Digital Animated/Display/Logic Display.
-LED 7 vch : Digital Animated/Display/ CC7 seg (hay CA 7seg).
f. Cc IC s: tm bi Digital by Function hay Digital by Number. Tuy nhin cc IC
thng dng ca chng ta thuc h 74xx, nn c th tm thy ti: Digital by
Number/74xx.
2
 2. Chn linh kin bng phm tt:
Bn c th tham kho cc phm tt ny khi nhn: Device/Hotkey. Danh sch cc
phm tt thng dng:

Phm Ngha Phm Ngha

'1' +V '2' NOT
'3' AND '4' OR
'5' NAND 6 NOR
7 XOR 8 NOT-XOR
9 LED
"s" Logic Switch P Xung (Pulse)
X Bng chn CAPLOCK+'s' Chuyn mch

Khi chn -c linh kin cn dng di chut v nhy tri chut t linh kin.

III.1.2. i dy:
Nhn phm phi chut, chn Wire, hin du ch thp. C 2 cch i dy:
a. i dy th cng:
Di chuyn du ch thp n chn linh kin, hin vung , nhy tri t
im u. Di chuyn n chn linh kin khc, nhy tri t im cui. Trn -ng
i dy, nhy tri ti bt k im no (khng phi chn linh kin) i chiu.
b.i dy t ng:
Di chut n chn linh kin, nhy ti im u ng thi gi phm tri chut
ko n im cui.

III.1.3. M phng :
Do trong Circuit Maker c hai ch m phng : t-ng t v s, nn ta phi m bo
chuyn sang ch m phng s. Ch trn thanh cng c, c 1 nt chn th hin 1
trong 2 dng:
a. Hnh Transistor : ch m phng t-ng t
b. Hnh cng AND : ch m phng s.
m phng s, phi chuyn nt ny v dng cng AND. M phng s -c thc hin
khi nhn Simulation/Run (hay nhn F10).
C 3 dng th hin kt qu ca mch s:
a. S dng n LED (Logic Display) hin cc mc logic trn -ng dy.
b. S dng que d mc logic Probe Tool : nhn trn biu t-ng trn thanh cng
c; lc ny biu t-ng mi tn chuyn thnh biu t-ng que o; -a que o
ny ti -ng dy kim tra mc logic trn cc -ng tn hiu ny; nhn chut
tri chuyn mc logic t LH.
b. Hin dng sng theo thi gian ti cc im .
thc hin, Circuit Maker yu cu t 1 thit b c bit ti im cn hin th
dng sng. Nhn Device/Browse/Intrusment/Digital/Scope hin thit b ny, c tn
l TPx (Test Point). Ni dy thit b ny vi im cn hin dng sng. Nhn Simulation
nh du chn ti Display Waveform sau chy m phng bnh th-ng s ng thi
hin dng sng ca cc im th.

3
V d 1: V v m phng mch so snh 2 s nh phn A(V1) v B(V2).
Gii Vi mch so snh ny, ta c 2 u vo v 3 -ng ra th hin cc trng thi. Cc
-ng ra -c ni vi LED. Thit lp bng trng thi sau:

A B L1 L2 L3
0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0

Tin hnh lp quan h gia cc u vo (A, B) v u ra (L1, L2, L3), s dng

bng Carnaugh, ta c:
L1 (A>B) = A.B
L2 (A=B) = AB
L3 (A<B) = A.B
L1
V1
5V U1B U2A
L2

U1A U1D U2C

L3
U1C U2B
V2
0V

1.Chn linh kin:

a.Chn cng NAND bng cch nhn x/Digital Basics/Gate/Nand hay nhn '5'
b.Chn cng o bng cch nhn '2'.
c.Chn logic Switch , nhn 's'.
d.Chn LED, nhn '9'.
2.Tin hnh i dy ni cc linh kin.
3.Nhn F10 chy m phng v quan st mc logic ti cc u ra nh n LED.
Nhn vo ngun thay i mc logic ca u vo v do vy thay i mc logic u ra
ca b so snh.
V d 2.Thit k b m ng b, thun K=10, s dng cc JK-FF.
Gii: B-c 1 Xy dng mch.
1.M t:
Khi xy dng b m thun c K<>2n s c mt s trng thi khng dng n
v ta c th li dng cc trng thi ny trong qu trnh ti thiu ho. B m thp phn,
ng b s thc hin m (thay i mc logic cc u ra) khi c xung nhp tc ng.
Do K=10, ta s s dng 4 FF to b m.

QD
Ck QC
B m
QB
QA
4
 2. Bng trng thi:

Ck QD QC QB QA QD QC QB QA JD KD JC KC JB KB JA KA
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 x 0 x 0 x 1 x
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 x 0 x 1 x x 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 x 0 x x 0 1 x
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 x 1 x x 1 x 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 x x 0 0 x 1 x
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 x x 0 1 x x 1
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 x x 0 x 0 1 x
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 x 0 0 x 0 x 1 x
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x 1 0 x 0 x x 1

thit lp c bng trng thi ny, trc tin ch n 3 ct u (Ck, Q, Q),

ta thy rng, khi c 1 xung nhp n, cc u ra Q s thay i n cc trng thi Q.
Ch rng, s thay i trng thi ny tu thuc vo yu cu, chng hn thay v i
0000->0001, bn c th i 0000->0010. V c -c s thay i ny, bn phi thit
k cc u vo ca cc FF n t ng nhy n trng thi k tip ng vi trng thi
hin ti ca cc u ra Q. iu c ngha, cc u ra Q phi c s hi tip v u vo
J,K. Ta xt n bng chn l ca JK-FF:

Ck J K Q
0 x x Q
0 0 Q
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 Q

T bng chn l ny, c th thy rng:

+Khi Q t 0 -> 1 th J=1 cn K =1 hay K=0 (K=x).
+Khi Q = 0->1 th J=x v K=1.
+Khi Q = Q =1 th J=x v K=0.
+Khi Q=Q = 0 th J=0 v K=x.
Nh vy, t bng trng thi c 3 ct: u vo v ra ca b gii m (Ck, Q, Q), ta
c th xy dng thm cc trng thi ca cc u vo JK-FF, khi c xung nhp kch
cc u ra Q s t ng chuyn trng thi sang Q.

5
 3. Xy dng quan h gia u vo v ra ca b gii m cng nh- vi u vo
ca cc FF:
T bng trng thi ca b gii m, xy dng bng Carnaugh ti thiu ho, ta
c th thu -c cc quan h sau:
KA = JA =1.
JB = A ; KA = A.
JC = KC =A.B.
JD = A.B.C ; KD =A;
B-c 2 V v m phng.
1 t linh kin : to b m, ta cn 4 JK-FF (2 IC 7476), 2 cng AND; ng
thi cn ngun xung tn s xc nh Pulse -a ti u vo kch; IC gii m 7447 v
LED 7 vch hin th kt qu.
Ta s s dng IC gii m 7447. Ch rng, u ra ca IC ny tch cc mc
thp, ph hp vi LED 7 vch kiu Anode. C ngha l, khi u cc u ra ca IC 7447
vi LED, bnh th-ng cc chn ny mc 5V, khi tn hiu ra trn 1 chn no =H,
tn hiu ny qua 1 cng o NOT bn trong ca IC khin ti u ra ca chn ny thay
v mc H li chuyn xung mc L. V th, s lm sng thanh LED -c ni vi chn
ny.
a
Xung f g b
nhp Ck B m IC gii
m e c
7447
d
V3
5V
+V
Ta la chn cc linh kin, ri to mch nh- hnh v.
V+

L1 L2 L3 L4
DISP1

U4 abcdefg.
74LS47
A3 g
U3A A2 f
U3C A1 e
U3B A0 d
V2 c
5V b
+V a

V1 test
U1A U1B U2A U2B RBI RBO
CP1 Q1 S S S
CP2 Q2 S J Q
J Q J Q J Q CP _
CP _ CP _ CP _
K Q K Q K Q K Q
R R R
R

Ti y ta dng ngun pht xung c tn s c nh, nhn Digital/Intrusment/Pulse. Ta

c th cho tc m phng gim i bng vic nhn Simulation/Digital Option/ v gim
nh Simulation Speed.

6
Cc bi tp ca phn m phng s:
1.Thit k b cng nh phn 3 bit (tc 2 u vo, mi u vo 3 bit) s dng cc
cng c bn.
2 B cng nh phn 1 bit nh- trong phn thc hnh trn t-ng -ng 1 IC , hy
s dng IC ny thit k b cng nh phn 3 bit.
3. Thit k b gii m BDC/7 Vch y .
4 Thit k mch t hp c nhim v to ra bit 1 chn cho t m 3 bit v mt
mch kim tra tnh chn ca t m 3 bit c b xung thm bit 1 chn.
Gi : Vi mi t m 3 bit, mch t hp ny s chn thm 1 bit 0 hay 1
sao cho tng s bit 1 l chn.
5.Thit k b m thp phn khng ng b thun nghch s dng JK-FF. Ghp
vi LED 7 vch qua IC 7447 hin th.
6.IC 7490 c tc dng nh- 1 b m thp phn. S dng IC ny thit k b
m c K=99.
7. S dng IC 7490 v cc cng c bn thit k b m c K=526.
8.Mt b n qung co gm 4 LED 7 vch. Thit k mch t hp lm nhim v
hin cc ch ui nhau trn 4 LED : a, b, c, d. Thi gian sng v ngt l 5s.
III.2 M phng t-ng t:
Qu trnh m phng t-ng t cng ging nh- vi m phng s. Tc l chng ta
cng tin hnh t linh kin, i dy v m phng. Tuy nhin, cn ch rng, m phng
t-ng t khng phi lc no cng ging trong thc t.
VD. V v m phng mch chnh l-u na chu k.
1.t linh kin:
a. Diode : chn Devices/Browse/Active Components/Diode, (hay nhn phm
nng d).
b. in tr : chn Devices/Browse/Passive Components/Resistors (hay nhn
r).
c. Ngun sin : chn Analog /Instrusments/Signal Gen.
d. T in : chn Devices/Browse/Passive Components/Capacitor, hay nhn c
Ch : C th nhn cc phm nng t nhanh cc linh kin. Danh sch cc hotkey
ny -c lit k trong Devices/Hotkey 1 hay Hotkey2. ng thi c th thay i hay
thm cc Hotkey cho linh kin, nhn Browse/chn linh kin-trong giao din lit k
thng tin v linh kin c Tab Hotkey, c th nhn vo change thay i.
Thay i gi tr linh kin
+i vi cc linh kin th ng (R, L, C) nhp p vo linh kin v thay i gi
tr trong tr-ng Label-Value . Ch rng, n v s -c biu din bng u
(VD : 10F = 10uF).
+i vi cc linh kin tch cc (Diode, Transistor) ch c th thay i gia cc
loi linh kin.
+i vi ngun, c th i t ngun sin sang ngun xung Pulse bng vic nhy
p vo thit b , hin ra bng Edit Sine Wave Data , nhy Wave hin bng Edit
Signal Generator v nhn chn ngun tn hiu ph hp . ng thi cng thay i -c
cc gi tr bin , tn s...

7
 2.i dy: V1 D1
-10/10V DIODE

+ R1
1kHz C1 100k
1uF

Hnh v Ngun tn hiu.

2 i dy.
3.M phng:
Khi v mch xong, chy m phng, nhn Simulation/Run. S c mt s la
chn:
-Multimeter: ng h o, kch hot nhn chn thit b ny (nu khng hin nhn
Window v chn).
-Transient Analysis (Osciloscope) Ch phn tch qu hay my hin sng. hin
mn hnh ca ch phn tch ny, nhn Window v chn.
Trn y l 2 dng (thit b) m phng chnh. Ta c th chn thm cc thit b
m phng khc cng vi cc tu chn ca thit b bng vic nhn Simulation/Analysis
Setup. V d:
+i vi thit b my hin sng (Transient Fourier), thay i cc gi tr thi
gian cn b chn trong Tab : Always set defaults.
+C th chn ch m phng DC,AC, nhiu (noise), ...

Khi nh du chn thit b m phng no, s hin mn hnh ca thit b .

8
 Ch :
Vi ng h o (Multimeter), kch hot thit b ny ri di que o ti bt k im
no trong mch, s hin gi tr dng hay p ti im .
+Vi my hin sng (Osciloscope) hin nhiu dng sng ng thi (ti cc
im khc nhau), kch hot thit b ny nhn ng thi Shift+phm tri ti cc im
mun hin sng. Cc sng hin ra s c mu khc nhau.
VI. Macro (thit b t to).
i khi, c mt s thit b khng c hay khng ph hp vi cc linh kin c sn
trong th- vin ca Circuit Maker. Khi , ta s t to ra cc thit b ny. Ch rng,
cc thit b t to s ch s dng trong s mch nguyn l v khi chuyn sang mch
in, cn khi chy m phng s b li.
Nhn Macro/New Macro, t tn cho Macro mi, sau s hin hp thoi:
Cc dng
Cc kiu c
-ng c
th v
khung
nhn linh
kin

9
lit k
cc
 Ta s s dng cc kiu -ng nh-: Line, Rectangle... to nn hnh dng linh
kin mi ny, ng thi c th to t cc dng (Shape hay DIP) c trn Tab Add
Existing Shape. Sau ta c th thm chn linh kin bng vic nhn PinRight (hay
Left...) t-ng ng vi vic ta mun chn ni bn phi (bn tri...). Bng Element List s
lit k thng tin v cc thnh phn, ta c th xo, ct, sao chp...
Sau , nhn OK t Macro vo mch. l-u li Macro ny, nhn
Macro/SaveMacro ri chn lp thit b l-u.
S dng TraxMaker phn mm v mch in
TraxMaker l mt phn mm v mch in, i cng vi phn mm v mch
nguyn l Circuit Maker. TraxMaker c th to ra mt bo mch in t mch nguyn l
ca Circuit Maker hay ca Protel, Orcad... TraxMaker s nhp file text ca cc phn
mm v mch ny, sau n s chuyn sang mch in.

Hnh v mt board mch in to bng TraxMaker.

I.Khi nim lp (layer )trong bo mch in (PCB).

Tr-c ht, mt bo mch in (PCB-Printed Circuit Board) l mt bng cch in, trn
ng-i ta ph lp dn in ni gia cc chn linh kin. Trn mt bo mch in, c th
c nhiu lp (2 lp, 3 lp...) tu thuc vo mun thit k ca ng-i v.
10
 to mt bo mch in c 2 cch: v trc tip trong TraxMaker, hay xut t cc
mch nguyn l ca CircuitMaker, Protel, Orcad...
1.Xut t mch nguyn l ca CircuitMaker:
Khi v xong mch nguyn l t CircuitMaker chuyn sang ch-ng trnh v
mch in TraxMaker, nhn vo biu t-ng trn thanh cng c ca ch-ng trnh
CircuitMaker. Tr-c , phi m bo cc linh kin trong mch nguyn l phi c tn
chn (Package) ng. Nguyn tc c bn ca vic to mch in t mch nguyn l l:
gn tn chn (Package) ng cho mi linh kin ca mch nguyn l; phn cn li s do
ch-ng trnh to mch in thc hin. Package ch hnh dng ca linh kin, m tu thuc
vo cch b tr linh kin m bn c th khai bo khc i. xem tr-c cc dng
Package ph hp, bn s khi ng ch-ng trnh TraxMaker, nhn vo biu t-ng
trn thanh cng c, hin ra hp thoi chn linh kin Component Selection:

Tn
th-
vin

Cc cng c
Cc thnh
sa i
phn (Package)
ca th- vin
Hnh dng
Package

Ch rng, tu thuc linh kin thc t m s khai bo Package cho ph hp. VD

nh-, vi in tr loi to (tr cng sut) c th khai bo Package l AXIAL0.5;
AXIAL0.6; cn vi in tr nh khai bo Package: AXIAL0.3; cn nu bn t ng
tr, Package: SIP2.
Sau khi tm ng dng chn v in vo tr-ng Package trong CircuitMaker
nhn biu t-ng chuyn mch nguyn l sang mch in. Hin bng Export
PCB Netlist , trong ch tr-ng Board size in mils xc nh kch th-c ca bng
mch.

11
 Hnh v Xut mch in
Sau , CircuitMaker s l-u s mch thnh dng file PCB Netlist (*.PCB)
c th s dng cc ch-ng trnh khc xut sang mch in (VD:Protel, Orcad...). Sau khi
t tn, CircuitMaker s t khi ng ch-ng trnh TraxMaker (i khi CircuitMaker
cng hi ta v -ng dn ca TraxMaker).
Giao din TraxMaker hin ra, bao gm cc linh kin v khun kh (Board Size)
bng mch. Kch th-c (kh) ca bng mch c th thay i tc thu gn li hay ko
rng ra bng vic nhy, gi chut v ko -ng ra ca bng mch. -ng gii hn
bng mch -c to nn bi lp Keep out , nn thao tc trn lp keep out tr-c tin
cn kch hot lp ny bng vic nhn thanh chn lp gc tri pha d-i ca s lm
vic.
Thng th-ng, hnh dng (Package) ca linh kin -c t trong lp Top
Overlay - lp trn cng ca bng mch; chn linh kin lp MultiLayer ; -ng mch
in ni chn linh kin lp Bottom Layer ;
Nu c linh kin no khng hin ln trong bng mch in cn kim tra li tr-ng
Package ca n. Ta c th thay i v tr ca cc linh kin thu gn kch th-c mch
in.
TraxMaker cho php to mch in mt lp, hai lp... c cc thit lp, nhn
Setup/Router , hin bng Setup Router

12
 Trong mc Layer Routing Setup, chn s lp ca mch in; nu ch to mch 1
lp (1 mt), t thuc tnh tt c cc lp (tr lp Bottom) l Not Used . Lp Bottom t
l Single Layer. ng thi trong mc Separations c th t khong cch gia -ng
mch in (track) v chn hn (Pad).
Ta cn c th thit lp dy cho -ng mch bng vic nhn Setup/Track v
thay i trong tr-ng Default Width. Ch i n v met, nhn Setup/Grid thay i
trong mc Grid Unit.
Sau khi t linh kin ng v tr, thit lp cc tu chn thch hp, nhn Router
/Board hin ln bng Router Board Options, nh du chn vo mc Use Netlish
Loaded with Board. Nhn OK. Trax Maker s khi ng v mch in, cho n khi hin
thng bo Routing Finish.
2. V mch in bng ph-ng php th cng (t i dy).
Trong thc t, c nhiu mch m vic i dy mt cch th cng theo t-ng ca
nh thit k li hiu qu hn vic s dng chc nng xut mch in t ng.
Lc ny ta s lm vic vi TraxMaker m khng cn CircuitMaker.
Cc cng c ni dy c bn:
To gp
To hnh To chn
t ch nht ni Pad khc cho
Package Ni Pad- Track
Pad

To li
t Text V cung To a t To dng cho
gic Via Track Track

a. Track : -ng dy, dng to -ng vin bo mch (lp keep out); hay dng
ni chn linh kin (-ng mch in lp Bottom ). Tr-c khi t Track ni cc
chn Pad ca linh kin c th thit lp cc tr-ng : b dy (Width) ; kiu un
dng cong (curved), dng a gic (orthogonal) hay un theo bt k gc no (Any
Angle) bng vic nhn Setup/Track hin bng sau:

13
 ng thi, sau khi t Track ri c th nhn p vo they i cc tr-ng
b dy, lp, im bt u, im kt thc; v c bit cn c tu chn Change
width of all selected Track. Tu chn ny s thay i dy ca cc Track b
chn. Khng nhng th, sau khi t Track cn c th b gy (break) hay to
li dng cho Track. Hai chc nng ny gn ging nhau.
b. Pad : chn ni hay im hn chn ca linh kin. C th t Pad ti bt k ni
no mun c im hn. C kh nhiu kiu Pad trong TraxMaker ; kiu trn
(round), kiu a gic (oct), kiu vung (square)... v cng c nhiu kch th-c
khc nhau. Nhy p vo Pad hin bng Edit Pad , trong ch n cc
tr-ng quan trng: Shape (hnh dng), Hole Size (kch th-c l). Tr-ng Hole
Size s rt quan trng khi tin hnh in ra t mch.
c. Text ch , -c dng -a cc ch thch vo mch in. Thng th-ng t Text
ti lp Top Overlay .
d. Fill - hnh ch nht c, dng to -ng mch in c b dy kh ln.
e. Plane - mt a gic, dng to -ng mch in c b dy kh ln v thay i
tng on. in y mt a gic ny, tr-c tin nhn Setup/External Plane,
v t Track Width > Grid Size.
f. Component - Linh kin . TraxMaker h tr kh nhiu dng linh kin, t in tr
Axial, diode ; IC hai hng chn (DIP), 4 hng chn (LCC) ; dng t linh kin
(tr, t , diode) ng RAD0.1 ; SIP2; t ho RB.2/.4 ; transistor kiu TO, bin
tr VR ... Tuy nhin, thc t vn cn thm vo th- vin ca TraxMaker nhng
dng Package mi hoc Package c nh-ng kch th-c thay i. to dng mi,
ta s phi dng cc cng c nh-: Track, Fill, Arc, Plane... to hnh dng ri
thm n vo th- vin.
V d, nu mun t dng Package cho t ho th dng RB.2/.4, tuy vy thc
t hi to so vi t ho loi nh. Ta s to ra mt dng Package mi c kch th-c
ph hp hn. Tr-c tin, trn ca s lm vic ca TraxMaker, t 2 im hn
Pad c nh 2 chn ca t, ng thi o khong cch gia 2 chn cho hp l.
o, nhn Edit/Measure v nhy chut tri ti 2 im cn o ; nu kt qu o
khng phi n v met th nhn Setup/Grid, trong mc Grid Unit nhn chn
Metric (mm). Rt ch kch th-c l ca im hn Pad.???????? im hn Pad
mc nh l lp MultiLayer. Tip theo s to hnh dng cho t, chn lp
TopOverlay, kch hot cng c Arc ri v -ng trn bao quanh 2 chn t. C
th s dng Track hay Text lp TopOverlay to du cng minh ho r thm
cho cc ca t. Sau khi to -c dng mong mun, ta chn ton b t hp ny,
bng cch nhn v gi chut tri to vung bao quanh khi; tip nhn biu
t-ng Component chn Add, TraxMaker s hi tn ca linh kin mi. Sau khi
t tn, bn c thm mt package mi trong th- vin.

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Sau khi lm quen vi cc cng c c bn trn, chng ta mt phn no nm -c
cch i dy th cng. Tin hnh theo cc b-c sau:
+Tr-c tin, nn to ngay -ng vin cho bng mch gip tt hn cho vic phn
chia khng gian t linh kin. S dng Track lp KeepOut.
+Tin hnh t linh kin trong khun kh bng mch.
+S dng Track , Fill, Plane lp BottomLayer v -ng dy ni chn linh kin.
Nu vn c nhng -ng chng nhau, th khc phc bng cch t cc thm cc Pad
hn thm dy.

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