Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Biu din tri thc bng Logic

m v suy din
Bi:
Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng

Tp m( Fuzzy set)

Tr li vi cc kiu nh ngha v tp hp (set) . Chng ta bit l c hai kiu nh

ngha tp hp:

Phng php lt k tt c cc phn t thuc tp hp . V d tp s nguyn nh hn 10

l tp: N=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Phng php m t thng qua v t c trng( characteurstic predicate)

PA: U {0,1}

X U PA(x)

Trc quan Tru tng

AB PA ? PA
AB PA ? PA

A \B P A? P B

A =B PA PB

M rng: A [0,1]

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

:x 0 A (x) 1

Vy khi c tp m A: th A (x) gi l thuc ca x vo A

Hm thuc
l hm do ngi quan st cung cp (subjective opinon).

M ho:

Vi mi mi gi tr ngn ng ta gn mt tp m

Cc php ton trn tp m

Cho tp nn ( tp v tr ) U ( Universer Set)

Mt tp m A trn U c mt m t bi hm thuc ( mebership function)

A:U [0,1]

S= {x/ A(x) > 0} Tp gi

K={x/ A(x) = 1} Tp core

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

A = {x | A }

Mt s dng thng gp:

Dng 1:

Dng 2

A= (a, b, c, d)

Tp m A khng phi l tp theo ngha thng thng nn quan nim A phi nh ngha
theo hm thuc. Do khng biu din bng biu Ven m biu biu din bng th

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Hp ca cc tp m

Cho hai tp m A, B vi A v B l hai hm thuc tng ng

T ta xy dng

Ly tt c phn trn ca th

Khi hp ca hai tp m l mt tp r

By gi ta ly ton b phn di.

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Cc tnh cht:

A = {(a, 0.1),(b, 0.2),(c, 0.3),(d, 0.4)}

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

- L. Zadel (max, min, 1-)

M RNG PHP TON TP M

- Hm s l t conorm :

- Hm t l t norm :

Hm t conorm tha mn cc tnh cht :

s : [0, 1] x [0, 1] [0, 1]

Hm t norm tha mn cc tnh cht :

Kim tra :

1. Giao hon : hin nhin

2. Kt hp :

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Hm s :

Hm t :

hin nhin

3. Tnh cht cui :

Hm negation :

Hm 1 x

- B ba : (s, t, n) thch hp khi :

1. s (x, t (y, z)) = t (s (x, y), s (x, z))

2. t (x, s (y, z)) = s (t (x, y), t (x, z))
3. n ( s (x, y)) = t (n (x), n (y))
4. n ( t (x, y)) = s (n (x), n (y))

Biu din tri thc m

Dng lut If X1 = v1 v X2 = v2 v ... v Xn = vn then Y

= v

vi , v : l gi tr ngn ng.

M ha

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

*) xt X = A Y = B

- Logic kinh in :

A B AB

U = {x1, ... xn} = tp v tr/nn ca A

V = {y1, ... yn} = tp v tr/nn ca B

Lut m quan h m tp m trn U x V

+ Lut m vect : A ~ A

+ Tp m ma trn

If X = x1 then Y = y1 11 ...... If X = x2 then Y =

ym 1m ...... If X = xn then Y = y1 n1 ...... If X =
xn then Y = ym nm

ma trn n x m.

t mt lut X = A Y = B, ta c n x m lut, mi lut c chc chn no

( c khong 37 cch khc nhau)

- Nguyn tc tnh : ij = s (n (iA, jB))

- Nu c 1 lut :

If x = V then Y = U

Ma trn :

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

- Ngyn tc tnh khc :

- Nu c nhiu lut :

ijR = min (iR , jR)

Xt X = A Y = B

A = (0.1, 0.3, 0.6)

B = (0.1, 0.3, 0.2)

Min
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.2 0.2
0.6 0.3 0.2

Product
0.07 0.03 0.02
0.21 0.03 0.06
0.42 0.18 0.12

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

(...)
0.9 0.9 0.9
0.7 0.7 0.7
0.7 0.4 0.4

Tri thc m Lut m

Quan h m gia U1 ... Un v V :

Tp m trn U1 x U2 x ... x Un x V

If X = A then Y = B

RB/A tp m trn U x V B / A:UxV [0,1]

? max s(x,y)

? min t(x,y)

1 x n (x)

(ko theo) max(1 A,B)

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Suy din m (Fuzzy Inference)

Bit :

GT (gi thit) = {U1 = C1,U2 = C2,...,Ul = Cl}

Cn xc nh :

KL (kt lun) = {V1 = D1,V2 = D2,...,Vk = Dk}

Suy din : lm th no xc nh c D1,D2,...,Dk?

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Bi ton : Cho mt s lut c th to ra hnh thc duyt lut khng vt

cn hay khng ?

+ Heuristic (TTNT)

+ GT di truyn.

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

Suy din m = p dng lin tip nhiu ln Modus Ponen (Fred Forward)
1. If X = A1 then Y = B1
2. If X = A2 then Y = B2
3. If X = B3 then Z = C3
4. If X = B4 then Z = C4
5. If X = A5 then Z = C5
6. If X = A6 then Y = B1
7. If X = A1 Y = B6 then Z = C7 (b qua lut ny cha xt)

Tp nn X : U = {1, 2, 3}

Tp nn Y : V = {A, b}

Tp nn Z : W = {+, }

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

x = A0 = (0.6, 0.2, 0.1)

p dng nguyn tc min :

Chng minh :

...

Tng kt :

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Biu din tri thc bng Logic m v suy din

1. Biu din tp m ch s m & thao tc

2. Nghin cu v : t norm :

t conorm :

n(.) : not

(x, y) :

3. Mu thun :

+ Tng minh

+ Khng tng minh

( cha c trong TLTK t tm hiu )

4. D tha (trong tp lut)

5. Duyt / p dng khng vt cn.
6. La chn th hin php ton ph hp.
7. Suy din thao tc trc tip (Linguistic Reasoning)

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