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Design Elements For Sedimentation Tank Construction With Calculations
Design Elements For Sedimentation Tank Construction With Calculations
Design Elements For Sedimentation Tank Construction With Calculations
Detention period
Displacement efficiency
Surface loading
Basin dimensions
Inlet and outlet arrangements
Sludge removal devices
Q = discharge rate
So, if the volume of basin is increases, detention period also increases. It also depends on the quantity of suspended particles in water. In
general, detention period is in between 4 hours to 8 hours.
Flowing through period can be calculated easily. For this, sodium chloride is added to influent and after some time collected effluent is
subjected to chloride content test which decides the flowing through time.
In general, flowing through period should be at least 0.3 times the detention period and displacement efficiency should be 0.25 to 0.5.
Surface Loading
Surface loading is nothing but over flow rate which is equal to the amount of water passing per day through one unit of horizontal area.
Here, the amount of water passing per day is nothing but discharge rate.
Hence, surface loading = Q/A = liters per day per square meter.
According to above equation surface loading is also equal to velocity of settlement which is defined as ration of discharge rate to area.
Hence,
= M2.
From the derived area, the three dimensions of tank (length, width, depth) are calculated based on the following conditions:
Sometimes, due to turbid nature or of larger weight the influent sinks into the bottom of tank and rise at the outlet which causes back water
flow and also reduces detention period.
This can be overcome by two methods. One is by installing submerged weir with submerged inlet, that is, inlet at the bottom of tank. The
other method is baffle wall provided at the inlet which have perforated opening at the bottom.
Similarly, at the outlet, also we have two methods. First is to provide simple outlet weir which reduces the horizontal and vertical velocities
of water at outlet. The second method suggests, provision of floating arm outlet, of which in end is hinged at bottom and bell mouth entry
at its top.
Floating arm outlet is generally provided 20 cm below the normal water surface to avoid the floating impurities.
In the other case, that is if the quantity of sludge is more, manual process is uneconomical and also sludge decomposes if it stays for long
time. So, proper machineries are required to remove the sludge and they can be worked without disturbing the sedimentation process.
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