Microprocessor in medical equipment (pacemaker)

Sheikh Abdul Mohsin, Waseem Zaheer, Rana Aban, Abdullah Javaid

Department of computer science and IT,University of lahore
Abstract—this paper presents the role o
f microprocessor in medical equipment cal
led pacemaker. We focused deeply on effe
cts, installation and features of 895c1 micr
oprocessor and pacemaker .Also how its w
orking inside the human body after transpl
ant. A pacemaker operational characteristi
cs include pacing modes, parametric Progr
ammability and rate responsive pacing

1. INTRODUCTION Fig 1.1 pacemaker working in human body

Pacemakers are often installed in people
3. Features of 89c51 microprocessor
who are suffering from irregular heart rhyt
hms.when the heart beat is slow or irregul  4 k-bytes of on-chip flash
ar then its very usefull. When we add an el programmable memory
ectrical impulse to the heart muscle the h  Programmable clock output
eart rate is restored and blood circulates t  Second DPTP register
hroughout the body properly. It can compl  Asynchronous port reset
etely remove the symptoms of bradycardi  Wake up from power down by
a, breath chronic fatigue and relieving shor an external interrupt
tness of breath.  Speed up to 33 MHz
 Ram expandable externally up
2. Working of pacemaker
to 64kbytes
Modern day pacemakers consist of
 4 interrupts priority levels
4 parts, being the battery, the leads
 6 interrupts sources
, the motherboard, and the casing it
 Four 8-bit I/O ports
self. They weigh less than an ounce,
 Full-duplex enhanced UART
are slightly larger than the face of a
 Three 16-bit timers/counters
wristwatch, and have the ability to
 Power control modes
monitor the heart’s natural electrica
o Clock can be stopped and
l activity
resumed
o Idle mode
o Power down mode
 4. Inside Pacemaker:
Fig 4.1 Block diagram of microprocesso
r(89c51) in pacemaker
Compared to the 8-bit data typ
e of the 89C5 1 single-chip micr
oprocessor, the 16-bit instructi
on sets and stack registers are used in
our developed processor to access th
e data and programming parameters
efficiently. Temperature Sensing Circu
itry In order to simulate the rate resp
onsive pacing with blood temperature
changing, the temperature sensing ci
rcuit were built, by using AD590 temp
erature sensor, 89C5 1 controller, ADC
0804 converter, and two 741 OP ampl
ifiers. The base temperature is set to
37"C, While the temperature varies, t
he "int" pin of 89C51 controller will b
e enabled and the output control si-4
will be sent to the rate control logic fo
r adaptive pacing. The rate responsive
change is +/-4OOms/ "C. Off-chip Pro
grammer
For programming key pacemaker's param
eters, a 89C5 1 EPROM single-chip controll
er has been applied to implement this pur
pose. The function keys include keys for pr
ogramming the pulse rate, the refiactory p
eriod and the pulse width. Numeric keys ar
e accessed in BCD code and the selected fu
nction is to be programmed in a specified
numeric value.
Fig 4.2 diagram of pacemaker control system
5. Advantages & Disadvantages of
pacemaker
Advantages:
1. Relief is nearly immediate when the su
rgery has been completed.
People who are affected by arrhythmia a
rea unit typically beneath a great deal of p
hysical stress attributable to their conditio
n. The pacemaker permits them to induce
their lives back heading not off promptly a
s a result of relief is skilled from the instan
t they awaken in the hospital room.
2.Pacemakers will be designed in an exce
edingly range of various ways that.
Pacemakers will be programmed to regul
ate a good form of heartbeat problems tha
t occur. they'll facilitate to beat the highest
heart chambers solely, very cheap chamb
ers, or both. Some pacemakers will even b
e programmed to stimulate each the left a
nd right ventricles of the center along.
they're a long device.
3. Most pacemakers area unit ready to giv
e their required medical care while not ma
intenance for long periods of your time. M
ost of the risks that escort a pacemaker ar
ea unit thanks to the implantation surgery
whereas the pacemaker is being placed. If
that happens with success, most of the res
t of the risks area unit just about eliminate
d.
4. Some models have magnetic attraction r
esistance engineered into them.
Some of the most recent models of pacem
akers have countered the magnetic issues
that have usually overrun this device. thou
gh there area unit continuously about to b
e restrictions in situ once the pacemaker h
as been put in, there area unit some devic
es that area unit safe in tomography machi
nes and around sure appliances that woul
d not be achieved within the past.
Disadvantages:
1. People should avoid themselves to go ne
ar field areas.
i.e magnetic field .Because when pacemak
er is installed into the body it should be pr
otect against that areas as they may effect
the proper working of pacemaker. A perso
n may not allowed to use some of devices
after the installation of pacemaker.
2. Infection will happen once the surgery h
as been flourishing.
The surgery itself could also be the reason
for associate infection that sets in round th
e pacemaker.Associate infection can even
develop at the surgical web site within the
post-operation part of recovery so unfold
elsewhere within the body. A sensitivity to
the materials that created the pacemaker
may additionally result in infection. while n
ot treatment, these infections have the po
tential to be serious.
3. The pacemaker might not work properly
.
Pacemakers area unit terribly reliable once
they’ve been put in and work systematical
ly well for a majority of patients. there's a
minority, however, that finds their pacema
ker isn't delivering the therapies that area
unit needed for correct health. once this h
appens, a second surgery is critical to switc
h the pacemaker that the correct medical
aid is administered.
4. It doesn't treat cardiovascular disease.
The pacemaker isn't a one-size-fits-all treat
ment resolution for all heart issues. specifi
cally it'll not facilitate to treat cardiovascul
ar disease. Pacemakers could also be put i
n once a coronary failure to assist manage
ment the rhythm of the center muscle, ho
wever that won’t treat any underlying illne
ss problems that will have contributed to t
he center attack within the 1st place
6. CONCLUSIONS
At the end,we came into conclusion that It
will not prevent heart attack in future and
also doesn’t improves health. It’s only pu
rpose is to cure an arrhythmia which occu
rr’s with the heart beat interval. it may eff
ective, but there are certain conditions to
o that can’t be treated through this device
. That’s why it is so important to knowho [7]Private communication with National
w the advantages/diadvantages of pacem Taiwan
aker before installation in your body University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, June 1
997.

Sheikh Abdul Mohsin, Waseem Zaheer,

7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Rana Aban, Abdullah Javaid are the stude
I would like to acknowledge IEEE society nts of computer science and IT departmen
for providing sufficient data to be work on t in university of Lahore,Pakistan.
and makes this research possible. A special
thanks to Sir khurram Bajwa for providing
a way to relative search papers and create
our own. Sheik h Abdul Mohsin
Re g.no (Bcs02153290)
Iw as born in Lahore, Pakistan.Pla
yvide ogames, martialartist ,sketche
r,
Youtu ber. Almost tried everything a
8. REFERENCES nd motive is to do or create something that nobody ha
s ever done.
[1]Shea, Julie B. "Pacemaker Insertion an
d Long-term Follow-up." Brigham and Wo Waseem zaheer
men's. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 18 Reg.no (Bcs02153225)
Sept. 2015. He was born in Lahore,Pakistan, lov
es to play videogames, watch movie
[2]Chan, Vivian. "Engineering Heartbeats
s and do programming ,rapist.
: The Evolution of Artificial Pacemakers." Ill
umin. University of Southern California, 6 Abdullah Javaid
May 2013. Reg.no(bcs02153015)
[3]"Pacemaker." How Products Are Mad Born in lahore,pakistan,Love to pla
y football,video games n traveling.
e. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 5 Oct. 2015
[4]Shriver, B., Smith, B., “The Anatomy of
Aban Rana
a High-Performance Microprocessor a Sys
Reg.no(bcs021533 40)
tems Perspec-tive”, IEEE Computer Society He was born in La hore, Pakistan. Pl
Press (Los Alamitos, California, 2010 ay games, outing with friends, in lo
[5]H. Corporaal, “Microprocessor Archite ve with travelling, hates programmi
ng .want to beco me rich
ctures: From VLIW to TTA”, John Wiley & S
ons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2009.
[6]R. S. Sanders, et. al., "Implantable pac
emakers,”
Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.480-486, Marc
h 1996.