94 rownsystecontot HA REACTERONIR AND YOLTAGE CONTR, IS sien and subs, there are schemes which employ testi contol a {pte mination of ne expt ae of an neal quate enor ten, Us i ests the dsin of he Kalan es, which i of value or the como mal random dstrbanee, Exciter SATA AH / wi QC) 2 (eh Tab ‘ae reece psi pp encom cal feed | oe Ieper fos Tenner gem ny bp eh Esa 27 | = Siping nes yma of erates me en sae sa a tor fhe symannes mache wen eect sme wl teu geas ih ing reer le rl ein is ‘Steno sen cage in tee yer San! event squat ear chnge beeen fa ale ag a tute Tic nmin tween snp on guy cl ec oe oto ei enayrgae She ms fee pera frei, ca an ats Th 126 REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE CONTROL _| amen aig AVR, sencrnrreatve powers ae contol by eld exciton. Oe supplemetny a the water fon i Inehde of impoing th vlage profile op lee transmission Sens : {ruse la tap hanger, switched capucor, ep-olage regs Vas) __ a ax, Sate vr cont einen. The primary meus of peer recive power Vee) 7 Tera {elise pes econ cml ng ome tae lar OVE Thc heed sp Te me (AVR) bl he “os pa of cows eta spi ee The ‘agun fsnpied AVR owning 123) er ines nth ave per lo of he generar accompanied ExcrTER MODEL, drpin tei ve map Te age mapa sic of doe exstaon ype Honor, nk ean 3 cal afore on ne eT wage eed nd comma ... rrts—SCSN ‘Sms Te sil cms sac he ech el ned betcha aon fe el lag hea Sheer omina why Te be ect el caret ieee inte magnet ace Th tem ing ans Dee ‘Ss an mens ne gem eth ene power gee viernes tos Tes tis Han aati bre Seger quinn, yea lag te seared ear sateen of ci May ail ws Siti hy tepid lle cont ed srtcio ve ren depel and e f e TEE e, Sem hae eam he mre se sh pes ee leis eo aot es Ee ecren en eens sn moma ean aan or alu of Ky ae in the range of 101 400. The apie tine cons i nthe ange of 102 001 second, a oe srl “The ensiation se ampli may be amagneic plier rousing ami Ve) Ke ‘modem clacton angi The anglers epeteby gan Kx a8 Vale)” Te cn of modem xcs very al 1230)9% 0 rowan von conto 9 LACTIVEROWER AND VOLTA CONTRI 59 1263 GENERATOR MODEL, ‘The synchronous machine gested emf 3 function of the machine mane Zaton cove ands rial stg is Seperen on he gerard. ne Mido) Tedier) cay Tineaiaed det the ester fncton relating the generator terial vag © fisted lage can be esented hy agin Ki and ie constant 7 and he step inp Vrs) =] asing he fia ale theorem the ea tt trans fonction s Wid Ko Vee) TF tor “These constants eI dependent, may say bette 0.7 Te an he tween 1 an 20 second om fla 6 novo ile 126 chp Den) sm ema) «rsp Imgstit= Ee (236) AVR yom geri lowing pant 1264. SENSOR MODEL = “The vag sensed tron pote ansfrmer nd noe Frm, tis ete ——_= ino ate evr The sear s modeled ya simple store rans aie ran i Exeter Kem teats Fonction pen by eee Keni et Vote) _ ee Senor Kym 1 fm=Qus ea Teas ; Use Ra airy Ape B21) inde ge yo lad we may sane range of 001005 i ang sc say SUSU aa mse MN et Sagan swan hee 2, Mi ste ti ew tay > 8 Paley pH eH) (Oath Set se spss l PN rs PY es {Gye Maria cota ep eps nd he ined peo yin Ataris | ree hrc SHULINK ek ga ad ice seprespne ing the tem paar inthe AVR block gr of Figure 12.30 inthe Bock diagram shawn a Figure 23, fae oe Me RO are Siaeeseins {rates } itd mm a soir ck opm, “The peop aero te sk rani Fige 12:08 KGW) = TERT ras) + roo Fa) ‘and the closeJoop transfer function relating the generar terminal voltage Wl) ‘Babe rtoeme lage Ute v0) _KakekioKall 0) 6 Topls) > Waal Peel + osKl Hrus) RAK Ra98 pownsesicoNTE, “The opetdop taser Fest of he AVR system shonin Fie 12.3 : Ka KGW = Tro TaE EoASITT TS HIB 00K PET BHF OT ‘un FER TS TT (a) The charcteric equation igen by S00 1+ KOM) = 1 Sea wT AF Tine which sults charsterisic polynomial ation Shp 8080 LT 4 TT + 500+ “The Roth Hartz aay fr his oyna she se Apperi 2.1) en ms 50 + 500K 4 2] ms mm 0 2 | pets 4 500K, 0 2 SeaKy—T102 0 0 | n+ 300K, om the! ow we se hat fr sor ystem sbi, Ki mest ess hat TT a fom the om, yas be gree than 1. Ths with poste fale fr son sytem aby. he amps gin mst Aye For A= 12.16, allay eon fom the #0 aeicnse! +6580 =0 rs = E881. That is for = 12:16, we havea pir of conjugate peso he Semis and the con sytem marily Ne {To obtain heroes plat forthe range of Ff 401216, we ase Fotowing commands. Aart 39.5 sors 778. soo): prec, socusten, den); ro shwn in Fg 2.32. iene be si wows i joints = 2/81 Pr aa, Ts the system marily se fo Ky 12.16, = Hap ene kot eso i i ilo) 25K 6420) Vests) © APSA BS FTF FOO ESOT The steady-state response ie Ka Tk he ampli gain of Ky = 10 he sty ste esgonse i Vis = Mages) ~ 0 eee aie the steady sate err ore the steal tt he amp gla mst in an unstable control system. a Seisecsciynh tain Step reson dhe ine onan penance the following comes ae sataneee 1s 95g sor Encelt 38.6 307.5. 775 500e 500A}; 00:20, Scetepteuae, dene, ©): Tipe, puette, 2 ext ‘ieapec aune, dete) “Thetme domain performance spsifstions ate Peak tine = 0,791 Pereeut overshoot = £2.46 Setering tine = 19.08 ‘The terial volage sep responses shown in Figure 123. Temialvoae step response Ls a N\Anann os on ons | 0 e @ 6 Tema ge ep sen e ange 126 (A SIMULINK menue sim Zeb scons as own 1234 The fe opened ands rn nthe SMULINK window. The sina evs nthe same reson shown i ague 1238, From he sess, we 5° {hat oan amps pato Fog I0 the response igh sila. with a Ve tag oversea ong sting ne, Feo te Sead ero 8 OE Scent We came ave sll sea tte er and a satisfy asi response ate same ne eb iis gS EB eneeree hc eeetbrecrecer ha B ‘ose (Hey CG = oun ‘Shes in arama 126 x5} 165 EXCITATION SYSTEM STABILIZER — RATE FEEDBACK Ae we ese i Expl 26 fr nlm in fy = ANE sy sponse ssi, al ecg fa oe ‘etude ee. Tn ne nine ene sbi adie con ih wold adds oe AVR oe oper Yay otha ton cach econ tens stone ee 125s'ty puper asst Kran, unica roped Bas Yo ae ee 1 tts PR es PE ae, LA felis ier | Generar Sai al SemExample 127 (chp2e7),simI2ex7 nh | rte feedck blz add tothe AVR system of Example 126, Tes ile tine constant = DDL som, n he dnvatie ai is ads © Kr (al omnes esgonse andthe ne domsinpetformance speciation. (0) Cons the SIULIN mode and ean he ep sponse (a Subang fe the parameters inh bok diagram of Flue 2.38 and py Ing the Mason's a frmul, me athe close op trans fection hie) 2? 456+ 50) Toss) > FRAY 1 Oe 2, 0620 + HALT FH Mesteay ste espns s iy = FOYE _ Via = fig avia) = SOE — 909 “Totind the step espomse, we use the follwing commands sunc~960e[1 45 S00]; Genet 30.0) 13648. 270062.6 274078 137500] naeeptnane, dency 105 plot(t, ©), grid ‘neepectrate, den) “Terminal vage step epomse 14 ‘Romina ve sep gos Ex 127 sep sponse i shown in Figure 12.36. The ine domain perfomance spe Peak tine = 6.08 Percent overshoot = 4.13 Rise tine = 2°95 ‘Settling tine = 8.08 ier ic gan ‘Rees opened ands run i the SIMULIVK window. The sition these response as sho aFgure 12.36, The rst show ey as rats esos wi nove of 413 pron and eng in of ely 8 seca EXCITATION sysTEM PID CONTROLLER fhe yt common contolers avalible commercially i the proportional erative PD) con Te PID cate wet imo ty spose wll a rede or eliminate the steals ero The Sr eas Bite eo the pentop pla nse Tetion ad i ‘he anit espns Te imegral conrad 2 pe tin 2 the sat pe by on and reste saya er de ep te. The PID onl nse ation Get) +B Koa am(604 12 rome sys comTaet. Her AaceW OR ENTATEN SHEN 6 Te ck aga ofan AVR computed ih PID cote sun 13 ewe i23 1s) Hat vd A a Mee Pe li Bo Kd la a ae Ve) Mo Hee Roo ee] C| ff PD Apter Eicss Gent | al — | a oa Siena cana o 1 3 Brame 24 niin) ue APD conte asthe frwad pa of the AVR system of Example 26 aes ss shown in igre 12.38, Const th SIMULINK tal Sethe pad fn Kr fo Land adj Ky and yaa ep eapone wi mist 12.7 AGC INCLUDING EXCITATION sySTEM ‘Shoot nd ery ml esting tine a “ 2 z ‘Sine therein weak cuping between he LEC nd AVR sytem the fegueney fan votage were controled scprtly. We canst the coupling eet by oc Azing th ines AGC sytem wo inlet extant a C1217), te found hat sal change nthe rel power the pic of he sjoizng ower oeficiet Py dhe change n the power anpe Ie nce the al ‘fest of ote upon eal power we on the following naz custon AR = Pass KE 238) Inte is the chang in electcal power fr ssl change in the atu ek Also. ining the sal tet ofa angle upon the pence trial alge, Sime Sra age 128 AV = Robs Kot? a2) the change nih emia vlge fra smal change inane t A SIMULINK model name sie anions shin Fg 12.39 Ze teil vag ors sal change in ‘The ile boned ad is rn nthe SIMULINE window An cr ee ke ca nd Ke isthe hangs terminal volage oa seal ‘he str emf a constant rote angle Fal, tying he ence id toe 0.25 ands deve gin of y= 028s on toe saan. Te eps - she sar emf 2 ets inabot Io sents witha seplgy small nest Natta de PTD estonia he ett mtr ane, wy expt a onto reduces the ey sate emo ter. The simulation rs fete eng ‘eins sbown in igre 1 0. Ao - Kea 1240)