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بررسي نسخههای خطی متن پهلوی نامههای منوچهر PDF
بررسي نسخههای خطی متن پهلوی نامههای منوچهر PDF
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F 93 ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ ﺩﻫﻘﻲ
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F ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﻲ
94
ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ
ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ
ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ،ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ:
ﻳﻜﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 35ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ
ﻛﭙﻨﻬﺎگ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ
ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 14ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﻭگ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺦ ﺭﻭﻧـﻮﻳﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ.
ﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ K35ﻭ M14ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ
ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ
ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧـﻪ )ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ(،
ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ،ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﺯﺭﺩﺷـﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﭘـﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺪﺓ ﺳـﻮﻡ
ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ،ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﺍﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺵ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ ،ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﺳـﻴﺮﺟﺎﻥ،
ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻄﻬﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺷﻨﻮﻡ ،ﺑﻪﺗﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺷـﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧـﺮ ﺳـﺪﺓ ﻫﺠـﺪﻫﻢ ﻣـﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ
ﻭﺳﺖ 1824) 1ـ1905ﻡ( ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ،ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﭼﻨـﺪ F95
ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ »ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺷﺮﻕ« 2ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺮﺩ؛ ﺳـﭙﺲ
F96
ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻬﻤﻦﺟﻲ ﻧﺴﺮﻭﺍﻧﺠﻲ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ 1869) 3ـ1952ﻡ( ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ ﻣﺘﻨـﻲ
F97
ﻣﺼﺤﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻥﺟـﻢ،
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ــ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ »ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺷﺮﻕ« ــ
ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ،ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ
ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 35ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﭙﻨﻬﺎگ
ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺩﺳـﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ
ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 14ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﻭگ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘـﻲ ﻣـﻮﻧﻴﺦ
ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﺳﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ K35ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ M14ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ
)ﻧﻚ :ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻩ ـ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ( .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪﻫـﺎﻱ
ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ:
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ K 35
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ K35ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨـﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ،ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ
ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ .ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ
ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ :ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ،ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ،ﻛﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ،ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ ،ﺍﺛﺮ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ ،ﺑـﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﻣﻨـﻮﭼﻬﺮ .ﻭﺳـﺖ
) :1882ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ( ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﺓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ.
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ K35ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﻠﺲ ﻟﻮﺩﻭﻳـﮓ ﻭِﺳـﺘﺮﮔﺎﺭﺩ 1815) 4ــ1878ﻡ( ،ﺧﺎﻭﺭﺷـﻨﺎﺱ
F98
ﺩﺍﻧﻤﺎﺭﻛﻲ ،ﺩﺭ 1843ﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﺩ .ﺍﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ 9ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ 1878ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﭙﻨﻬﺎگ ﺍﻫﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ 5 .ﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ
F9
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ژﻭﺋﻦ 1878ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ
ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ K35ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏـﺎﺯ
ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮگ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻳﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﭼﺴـﺒﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ
)ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻦﺳﻦ .(5/3 :1934
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ 181ﺑﺮگ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ )ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻋـﺪﺩﻱ( ﻭ
ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 71ﺑﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻭ ــ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻤـﺎﻥ
ﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ــ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 35ﺑﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮگ 72
ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮگ 254ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ 78ﻭ 140ﻧﻴـﺰ
ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ
ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ 130ﻭ 131ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ
ﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺠﺎ؛ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺝ ،47ﺩﻳﺒﺎﭼﻪ(.
ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﻫـﻴﭻﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ
ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ــ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻱﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺨـﺪﻭﺵ ﻳـﺎ
ﭘﺎﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ــ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ
ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋـﻴﻦ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ
4. Niels Ludvig Westergaard
.5ﻭﺳﺘﺮﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻣﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ،ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ )ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻦﺳﻦ .(5/3 :1934
/136ﺁﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ،ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 57
ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ،ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸـﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﻟﻢ
ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ،ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻜـﻢ:
ﺑﺮگ 206ﺭ ،ﺱ 4ـ ،220ﺱ 1؛ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ :ﺑﺮگ 220پ ،ﺱ 1ـ 213ﺭ ،ﺱ 1؛ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ
ﺳﻮﻡ :ﺑﺮگ 231ﺭ ،ﺱ 2ﺗﺎ ،233ﺱ ) 10ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻦﺳـﻦ .(7/4 :1934ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ
ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺎﻣـﺔ
ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ،ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
6
ﻧﺴــﺨﺔ K35ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ 1934ﻡ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣــﺔ ﺁﺭﺗــﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﻳﺴــﺘﻦﺳــﻦ
F10
)1875ـ1945ﻡ( ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﭼﺎپ ﻋﻜﺴﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﭙﻨﻬﺎگ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨـﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴـﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺔ
ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ .ﭼﺎپ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ،ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨـﺶ
ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 47ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ( ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ »ﺭﻭﺍﻳـﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ » ،«1ﺩﺍﺩﺳـﺘﺎﻥ
ﺩﻳﻨﻲ« ،ﻭ »ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ «2؛ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ 41ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ( ﺷﺎﻣﻞ »ﻧﺎﻣـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ
ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ« ﻭ »ﮔﺰﻳﺪﺓ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ« )ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻚ :ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ(.
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ ،ﻫﻴﭻﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ K35ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﺳـﺖ
ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ Bﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ـــ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨـﻚ BK
ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﻧﻚ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ( ــ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ Bﻳـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺍﺯ
ﺭﻭﻱ K35ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﺨﺴـﺖ ﺭﺍ
ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺪ ،ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ Bﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣـﺔ K35
ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ Bﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﺮﺍﻡ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﺍﺭ
ﺷﻬﻤﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ )ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ( ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ 941
)ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 19ﻣﺎﺭﺱ (1572ﺩﺭ »ﺩﻫﻴﮕﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ« ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻧـﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺝ ،41
ﺩﻳﺒﺎﭼﻪ( .ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮگ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ BKﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ
ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ )ﻭﺳـﺖ :1882
ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ( .ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺝ ،41ﺩﻳﺒﺎﭼﻪ(.
ﻭﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ K35ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ .ﺍﻭ
6. Arthur Christensen
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ 137 /
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ،ﺭﻭﻧﻮﺷﺘﻲ ــ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻭﺍﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ــ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻨـﻚ ﺩﺭ
ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴـﺔ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺳـﺘﺔ
ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ Wﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ :1912ﻫﺠﺪﻩ(.
ﻭﺳﺖ ،ﭼﻨﺎﻥﻛﻪ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﺷـﺪ BK ،ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﺷـﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ K35ﻣـﻲﺩﺍﻧـﺪ؛ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ
ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻥ ﺷـﺪﻩ
ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻛـﻪ BKﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ K35
ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ K35ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ 32ﺑـﺮگ ﺁﻥ ،ﺑـﺎ
ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ
ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﺮگ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻢ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ
ﺭﻭﻧﻮﺷﺖ K35ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ،ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ
ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻤﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﺍً ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ) Jﻧﻚ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ( ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ
ﻫﻤﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﺮگ ﺁﻥ ،ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ،ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ
ﺭﻭﻱ TKﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ( .ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ BKﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ 71ﺑﺮگ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ
ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﺮگ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ K35ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻧﻬﺪ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ(.
ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ K35ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ:
pad nām ud ayārīh ī dādār Ohrmazd ud wispān yazadān, hamāg
yazadān mēnōgān [ud] yazadān gētīgān . . .
»ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻭﺭﻣﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻳﺰﺩﺍﻥ ،ﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻳﺰﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﻮﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺘﻴﮕﻲ «...
ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ:
. . . az xwāhišnān widišnān čiš-ē ahlāyīh meh, weh [ud] pāšom. ast
7
[…] zarduxšt. ēk hast rāh ī pāšom ahlāyīh kē rāh ī pōryōtkēšān, wisp
10F
ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ K35ﻫﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺩﺭ
ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺳﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻬﻤـﻮﺭﺱ
ﺩﻳﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﺴﺎﺭﻳﺎ 1842) 8ـ ،(1903ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻲ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ
F102
ﻧﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﺍ TKﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ 227ﺑﺮگ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ،ﮔﻮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻔﺘـﺎﺩ
ﺑﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺑﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ،ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺘﻲ
ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ K35ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ
K35ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ .ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﺪ ،ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻤﺸﺪﺓ ﺁﻥ
ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ BKﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺑـﺮگ ﺁﺧـﺮ BKﺭﺍ
ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ .ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻀﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳـﺐ ﺷـﺎﻩ
ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻬﻤﺮﺩﺍﻥ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ .ﺍﻳـﻦ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳـﺐ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮﺍً
ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ،ﭘﺪﺭﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺮﺯﺑﺎﻥ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ BKﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻤﺎﻥ
ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ K35ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ،ﺍﮔﺮ
ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ TKﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ
ﻛﻪ TKﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻛﻬﻨﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ K35ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ـ ﻫﻔﺪﻩ(.
ﻭﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ :ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﺯ TKﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥﻣﻮﺑـﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺳـﻴﺎﻥ
ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ
ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ .ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎ )ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ،ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻨﺪ (11ﻛـﻪ
ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ K35ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ )ﻭﺳـﺖ :1882
ﻫﻔﺪﻩ(.
ﺭﺩﺓ M 14
ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﻗـﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺳﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫـﻢ ﺑـﻪ
ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺦ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ M14ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﺍ »ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺼﺖ ﻭ ﭘـﻨﺞ
8. Tahmuras Dinshah Anklesaria
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ 139 /
ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ« ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻔﺘـﺔ ﻭﻱ ،ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ
ﭘﺸﻮﺗﻦﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ Jـــ ﻛـﻪ ﮔﻮﻳـﺎ
ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ـــ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ
ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ .ﺁﻥ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ
ﺍﺳﺖ» :ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺷﻦ ]ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ[ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1188ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ« )ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ 21ﺩﺳـﺎﻣﺒﺮ
(1818ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺪ ،ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺩﺳﺖﻛﻢ
65ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﻫﻔﺪﻩ ،ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ .(1ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺳﺖ
ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﺍﻥﺟﻴﺒﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﺠﻲ ﭘﺎﺗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌـﻲ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻩ
ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻬـﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨـﻲ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ BKﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺘﻨﻬـﺎ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ
ﺍﺻﻼﺡﺷﺪﺓ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ
ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ Jــ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ــ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻨـﺪ
ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﻫﻔﺪﻩ(.
ﻧﺴﺨﺔ Jﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﻴﺨﺴﺮﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺟﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺁﺳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌـﻲ،
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺡﺷﺪﺓ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ
ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ K35ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ BKﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ،ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﻣـﺔ
ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ،ﻓﺼﻞ ،7ﺑﻨﺪ ،4ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ »ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺷﻦ ]ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ[ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1188ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ«
)ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 21ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ (1818ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ )ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﻓﺼﻞ ،6
ﺑﻨﺪ (2ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ 12ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺔ 1841ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ BKﺭﻭﻧـﻮﻳﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ
ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1882ﻫﺠﺪﻩ(.
ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ،ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ،ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﺔ
ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ،ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ M14
/140ﺁﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ،ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 57
ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ 1865ﻭ
1868ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻛـﻪ
ﻭﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻭﺳﺖ ،ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻬﻤﻦﺟﻲ ﻧﺴﺮﻭﺍﻧﺠﻲ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ ،ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸـﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺳـﻲ ،ﻣﺘﻨـﻲ
ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ 1912ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺍﻭ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺩﻭ
ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺳﺖ )ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ BKﻭ (Jﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺳـﺖ ) (Wﺍﺯ
ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ:
ﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ MRﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ،ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ 456ﺑﺮگ ،ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺠﺮﺍﺗـﻲ ،ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻴﺸﺘﺮ )ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ( ﻣﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1242ﻳﺰﺩﮔـﺮﺩﻱ )1872ﻡ( ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻠـﻢ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ
ﺍﻳﺮﺝﺟﻲ ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺏﺟﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ.
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ) TKﺑﻌﺪﺍً ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ (TDﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺴﺨﺔ TKﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ
ﮔﻮﭘﺖﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ،ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻤﻮﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﺴـﺎﺭﻳﺎ
ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ،ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺝﺟـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ) TKﻳـﺎ (TDﻧﺴـﺨﺔ
ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻼ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﻭﺳﺖ :1880ﺳﻲ ﻭ
ﺳﻪ ،ﭼﻬﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻪ؛ ﻫﻤﻮ :1882ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ؛ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ 19 :1912ـ20؛ ﻫﻤﻮ 4 :1923ـ5؛ ﻫﻤﻮ 12 :1925ـ13؛
ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ .(21 :1990
ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ MR1ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﻲ ﺭﺍﻧـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺳـﺎﺭﻱ،
ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺝﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻴﺸـﺘﺮ )ﺳـﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ(
ﺦ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﻴﻨـﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻬﺮ 1236ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ )1867ﻡ( ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳ ِ
ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﭼﺎ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎ )ﺗـﺎ ﻧﺎﻣـﺔ
ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﻓﺼﻞ ،6ﺑﻨـﺪ (2ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺩﺍﺑـﺎﺭ 20 :1912؛ ﻫﻤـﻮ 12 :1923؛ ﻫﻤـﻮ 12 :1925؛ ﻭﻳﻠﻴـﺎﻣﺰ
.(21 :1990
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ MRﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣـﺘﻦ
ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨـﻲ ،ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ
ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ،ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨـﻮﭼﻬﺮ،
ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ.
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ 141 /
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﺴــﺨﻪ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮگ 380ﺱ 6ﺗــﺎ 452ﺱ 10ﺟــﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺍﻣــﺎ
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ ،ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ 9 :ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ،
F103
ﻓﺼﻞ ،5ﺑﻨﺪ 12ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮگ 380ﺱ 6ﺗﺎ 449ﺱ 12ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ
ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ )ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ( ﺍﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻦ ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ ،5ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻨﺪ 16ﺗـﺎ
ﻓﺼﻞ 6ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻨﺪ 2ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮگ 451ﺱ 4ﺗـﺎ 452ﺱ 10
ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ )ﺑﺮگ 452ﺱ (10ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﺩﻩ
ﺑﺮگ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮگ 455ﺱ 8ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮگ 456ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ
ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻴﺮﺑﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺝﺟﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺏﺟﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ ﻛـﺎﻭﻭﺱﺟـﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟـﻲﺭﺍﻧـﺎ ﺑـﻪ
ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ
ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺮﺑﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﭼﺎ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺰﺩ )؟( 1236ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ )1867ﻡ( ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻧـﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺝ ،3ﭘﻴﺸـﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ(.
ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺝﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑﺨـﺶ
ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﺔ D7ﺩﺭ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻼ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ 20 :1912؛ ﻫﻤﻮ 12 :1923؛ ﻫﻤـﻮ 12 :1925؛
ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ (21 :1990ﺩﺭ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠـﺪ
ﺳﻮﻡ ،ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﻲﺭﺍﻧﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ
)ﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ (MR1ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻨــﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﺓ ) 60ﺑﺮﮔﻬــﺎﻱ
114ـ (178ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻬـﺮﺍﻡ )ﺑﻴﺴـﺘﻢ( ﻣـﺎﻩ ﺩﻱ 1187
ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ .(130 :1925
ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﭼﺎپ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ
K35ﻭ D7ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺖ ،ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ TD4aﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﻳﺒﺎﭼﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎپ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ
ﺗﻬﻤﻮﺭﺱ ﺩﻳﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻜﻠﺴﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺰﺩ ،ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯ
ﺍﺭﺩﺷﻴﺮ ،ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪ 135ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ
.9ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ TKﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
/142ﺁﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ،ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 57
ﺗﺎ 564ﺱ (4ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ .ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣـﺔ
ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﺴــﺨﻪ )گ 611ﺱ 4ﺗــﺎ 612ﺱ (4ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳــﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ BK
ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﺮﺍﻡ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻬﻤﺮﺩﺍﻥ
ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ )ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻔـﺘﻢ( ﻣـﺎﻩ ﺍﻣـﺮﺩﺍﺩ
951ﻳﺰﺩﮔﺮﺩﻱ )1592ﻡ( ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺝ ،52ﺩﻳﺒﺎﭼـﻪ( .ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎﺳﺖ .1 :ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨـﻲ .2 ،ﺩﺍﺩﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨـﻲ .3 ،ﺭﻭﺍﻳـﺎﺕ
ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ .4 ،ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ .5 ،ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ .6 ،ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ
ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﺴﭙﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ.
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮگ 401ﺱ 10ﺗﺎ 471ﺱ 12ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺴـﺨﻪﺍﻱ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻼﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯ ،ﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻤﺒﺌـﻲ،
ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﻧﺴﺨﺔ TD4aﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ﭘﻨﺠـﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨـﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴـﻬﺎﻱ
ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ
ـ ﺗﻔﻀﻠﻲ ،ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ،1376 ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ژﺍﻟﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﮔﺎﺭ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺳﺨﻦ.
ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﺕﺩ4ﺍﻟﻒ :ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ،...ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﺝ ،52
ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺨﺴﺮﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺍﺳﺎ ،ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ1356 ،ﺵ.
ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﺩ :7ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ،ﻭ ،...ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ،
ﺝ ،3ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺨﺴﺮﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺎﺳﭗﺍﺳﺎ ،ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ1355 ،ﺵ.
ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺲ ﻙ 35ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ :ﻧﺎﻣﮕﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﺓ ﺯﺍﺩﺳﭙﺮﻡ ،ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴـﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ ﻭ
ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﺝ ،41ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ،ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ1355 ،ﺵ.
.10ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﭼﺎپ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ.
143 / ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ