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Study Questions Special Senses PDF
Study Questions Special Senses PDF
STUDY QUESTIONS
Special Senses
Answers are provided below each question
1. The transmission of sound waves through the tympanic cavity of the middle ear
occurs through:
A. air
B. nerve fibers
C. bone
D. fluid
E. jelly-like vitreous humor
c
2. The two sac-like structures of the inner ear called the utricle and saccule:
A. malleus
B. incus
C. stapedius
c
A. the auditory (Eustachian) tube opens into the base of the inner ear
B. the pharyngeal (throat) mucosa is continuous with the mucosa of the
middle ear
C. the sphenoid sinus opens into the tympanic cavity of the middle ear
D. the vestibulocochlear nerve passes through the tympanic cavity
E. answers A and D.
b
5. The waxy material in the external auditory canal (meatus) is the product of
A. endolymphatic sacs
B. tarsal glands
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C. lacrimal glands
D. ceruminous glands
E. none of the preceding.
d
A. fibroelastic cartilage
B. elastic cartilage
C. hyaline cartilage
D. osseous tissue
E. hemopoietic tissue.
b
A. utricle
B. semicircular ducts
C. saccule
D. answers A and C.
d
MATCHING: Match the type of fluid (Endolymph or Perilymph) that is found within
the cavities or spaces of the appropriate structures. Items A and B may be used
more than once.
A) perilymph
B) endolymph
9. Scala vestibuli.
10. Cochlear duct.
11. Semicircular ducts.
12. Utricle.
13. Scala tympani.
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14. Vestibule.
15. Semicircular canals.
16. Saccule.
a, b, b, b, a, a, a, b
MATCHING: INNER EAR (Note: Items A and B may be used more than once.)
A) Membranous labyrinth
B) bony or osseous labyrinth.
25. A lesion that destroyed the left optic tract of a boy affected his eye by
eliminating action potentials (=impulses) that would normally have been generated in
response to light in the:
26. Which of the following is not part of the vascular layer or uvea?
A. cornea
B. choroid
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C. ciliary body
D. iris
E. answers C and D.
a
28. Obstruction of the scleral venous sinus (=canal of Schlemm) interferes with
the:
29. Which of the following cannot be seen as one looks into the eye through an
ophthalmoscope?
A. macula lutea
B. optic chiasma
C. fovea centralis
D. optic disc.
b
A. nearsighted / concave
B. farsighted concave
C. nearsighted / convex
D. farsighted convex.
d
31. The perception of color comes from all the following except:
A. red cones
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B. yellow cones
C. green cones
D. blue cones
E. answers A and D.
b
32. The visible outer white surface of the eye is covered by a distinctive
epithelium continuous with the inner lining of the eyelids. This epithelium is called
the:
A. palpebrae
B. fornix
C. coneal epithelium
D. conjunctiva
E. none of the preceding.
d
33. What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors
of the eye?
A. cornea
B. pupil
C. lens
D. ciliary body
E. iris.
e
34. Vision is most acute when light rays are brought to focus on the:
A. fovea centralis
B. the outermost layer of the retina
C. optic disc
D. cells in the occipital lobes of the brain
E. none of the preceding.
a
A. vitamin C
B. vitamin D
C. vitamin K
D. none of the preceding.
d
36. Loss of the sense of taste on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue might be due to
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injury to:
MATCHING: Sense Organs (Note: Items A through E may be used more than
once.)
A) gustatory cells
B) macula lutea
C) crista ampullaris
D) macula
E) spiral organ (organ of Corti).
MATCHING: Cranial nerves and muscles associated with sense organs. Items A
through E may be used more than once.
A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) trigeminal
D) abducens E. trochlear
59. The function of the lens is to bend or refract light rays and focus them on
the optic disc.
60. Tears contain a bactericidal enzyme called lysosome.
61. The conjunctiva is a serous membrane.
62. The sensation of pressure is associated with Pacinian or lamellated corpuscles.
63. Damage to the median rectus eyeball muscles would probably affect
convergence of the eyeballs.
b, b, b, a, a
MATCHING: Retinal Cells. (Note: Letters may be used more than once, but only
one letter per space.)
A) Ganglion cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B.
73. Receptors that respond quickly to a stimulus but then adapt (sensory
adaptation) and decrease their firing rate are called:
A. phasic receptors
B. sensory receptors
C. somatic receptors
D. proprioceptors
E. tonic receptors.
a
74. Which describes the effect of the sympathetic system on the eye pupil and
the muscles involved in the action?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. hundreds or even thousands.
e
A. temporal bone
B. occipital bone
C. ethmoid cribriform plate
D. lacrimal bone
E. none of the preceding.
a
77. During embryonic development the tympanic cavity develops from the:
78. The position of joints and the state of muscular contraction is monitored by:
A. nocireceptors
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B. baroreceptors
C. thermoreceptors
D. chemoreceptors
E. proprioceptors.
e
A) Presbyopia
B) cataract
C) glaucoma
D) myopia
E) hyperopia
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A. papillae
B. taste pores
C. taste hairs
D. taste buds
E. none of the preceding.
d
A.baroreceptors
B. nociceptors
C. Ruffini corpuscles
D. chemoreceptors
E. none of the preceding.
b
89. Receptors for general senses provide information for all the following except:
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A. temperature
B. pain
C. touch
D. sight
E. two of the preceding.
d
90. Receptors for light touch are called and they are located in the
A. scala vestibule
B. auditory tube
C. cochlear duct
D. scala tympani
E. external auditory canal
a
MULTIPLE CHOICE
d. Vitreous secretion
e. Decreased glucose reduction in iris smooth muscle
c
102. The region where the lens focuses the image onto the retina is the:
a. Optic nerve
b. Fovea
c. Pupil
d. Blind spot
e. Infundibulum
b
103. The fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye is the:
a. Lachrymal fluid
b. Lacrimal fluid
c. Aqueous humor
d. Choroid humor
e. Vitreous humor
e
107) The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for
the sense of smell.
A)olfactory lobes
B)olfactory mucous membrane cells
C)cilia on olfactory cells
D)olfactory organs
c
111) A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.
A)none
B)50%
C)1%
D)5%
c
112) The visible elevations on the tongue that contain the receptors for taste are
the _____.
A)taste buds
B)taste pores
C)papillae
D)gustatory cells
c
113) Which of the following could be detected on the back of the tongue?
A)sweet
B)sour
C)salty
D)bitter
d
115) The nerves that convey taste sensations, are the following except which one?
A)VII
B)VIII
C)IX
D)vagus
b
A)dampen
B)increase the intensity of
C)act as a collector of
D)vibrate in response to
c
124) The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and
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_____.
A)throat
B)inner ear
C)outer ear
D)cochlea
a
127) The portion of the inner ear that detects sounds, is the _____.
A)semicircular canals
B)osseous labyrinth
C)vestibule
D)cochlea
d
128) Reissner's membrane separates the cochlear duct from the _____.
A)round window
B)scala vestibuli
C)scala tympani
D)basilar membrane
b
129) Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.
A)round window
B)scala tympani
C)oval window
D)cochlear duct
c
130) The cells that convert vibrations into neurological impulses are the _____
cells.
A)hair
B)otolith
C)basilar membrane
D)crista acoustica
a
131) The connection between the cochlear hair cells and the VIII cranial nerve are
made by _____.
A)direct contact
B)release of neurotransmitter
C)the axons in contact
D)the dendrites in contact
b
D)utricle
a
C)sclera
D)choroid layer
c
143) The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called
_____.
A)adaptation
B)accommodation
C)amblyopia
D)cataracts
b
145) Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?
A)rods
B)bipolar neurons
C)cones
D)ganglion cells
d
B)macula lutea
C)vitreous body
D)optic disk
a
A)vitamin A
B)retinene
C)rhodopsin
D)iodopsin
c
149) Which of these statements about the sense of smell is not true?
A)Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons that are not replaced when
damaged.
B)Chemicals are received by specific plasma membrane receptors in the
olfactory receptor cells.
C)Olfactory receptors do not adapt quickly.
D)The main areas of the brain that interpret the sense of smell lie in the
temporal and frontal lobes.
c
150) The portion(s) of the tongue that actually perceives taste is/are the
_____________.
A)taste hairs
B)papillae
C)epithelium of tongue
D)taste buds
a
A)Because sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system.
B)Because odors act as neurotransmitters and alter brain chemistry.
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154) The chamber that actually houses the hearing receptors is the
__________________.
A)vestibule
B)semicircular canal
C)scala tympani
D)cochlear duct
d
155) After the inner ear has detected vibrations caused by sound, how is the
energy dissipated?
A)perilymph inside the scala tympani absorbs the sound wave energy
B)endolymph inside the cochlear duct absorbs sound wave energy
C)air inside the middle ear dissipates the forces caused by vibrations.
D)perilymph inside the scala vestibuli absorbs sound wave energy
c
156) The organs of static equilibrium are located within the ______________ and
employ shifting ___________ to set up nerve impulses.
A)semicircular canals; gelatinous material
B)vestibule; otoliths
C)cochlea; fluid
158) The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the
_______________.
A)sclera
B)aqueous humor
C)fovea centralis
D)optic disk
c
161) The area of the brain that integrates proprioceptor data is the _________.
A)cerebrum
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebellum
D)medulla oblongata
c
162) Most olfactory receptors are located on the ______ surface of the nasal
cavity.
A)superior
B)inferior
C)lateral
D)medial
a
C)medial rectus
D)lateral rectus
c
166) The _____ is a membrane covering the anterior portion of the eyeball except
for the cornea.
A)cornea
B)conjunctiva
C)sclera
D)eyelid
b
D)lacrimal sac
b
168) The actual receptors for hearing and balance are _______.
A)chemoreceptors
B)otoliths
C)cochlear cells
D)hair cells
d
A)inner ear
B)middle ear
C)outer ear
D)pinna
c
171) The right occipital lobe receives information from the right eye only.
A)True
B)False
b
175) Taste cells are continually reproduced and do not diminish much with age.
A)True
B)False
a
177) The external auditory meatus leads into the inner ear.
A)True
B)False
b
178) The ear wax cerumen contains compounds that repel insects.
A)True
B)False
a
182) It is easier to dampen the intensity of slow occurring sounds than rapid.
A)True
B)False
a
183) The mucous lining of the middle ear actually increases the probability of
developing otitis media from an external cause.
A)True
B)False
a
184) The round window equalizes pressure between the middle ear and inner ear.
A)True
B)False
a
189) The fluid movement in the inner ear can cause a confusion between sounds and
movements resulting in motion sickness.
A)True
B)False
a
B)False
b
194) Vitreous fluid is made continually while aqueous humor remains the same
throughout life.
A)True
B)False
b
197) The cerebral cortex functions in sensation and the perception of those
sensations.
A)True
B)False
a
198) Sensory receptors are equally and proportionally distributed throughout the
skin.
A)True
B)False
b
200) The papillae on the tongue respond to sweet, sour, salt and bitter stimuli.
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A)True
B)False
b
201) The olfactory cells have microvilli that enable them to respond to chemical
stimuli.
A)True
B)False
b
202) The taste buds on the tongue enable a person to perceive the taste of
various foods such as the garlic in lasagna.
A)True
B)False
b
203) Free nerve endings in the skin are associated with the sensation of pain.
A)True
B)False
a
204) Bipolar neurons associated with sensory receptors are found in the
A. retina
B. taste buds
C. inner ear
D. finger tips
B. mechanoreceptors
C. chemoreceptors
D. proprioceptors
208) Which of the following helps maintain proper air pressure in the middle ear?
A. stapedius muscle
B. Eustachian tube
C. external auditory meatus
D. osseous labyrinth
212) Nerve fibers that synapse with hair cells in the organ of Corti unite to
form part of the _____ nerve
A. optic
B. oculomotor
C. olfactory
D. vestibulocochlear
213) Which of the following represents the correct pathway leading to the
perception of sound?
A. tympanic membrane, ossicles, endolymph, perilymph, hair cells
B. tympanic membrane, ossicles, perilymph, endolymph, hair cells
C. ossicles, tympanic membrane, endolymph, perilymph, hair cells
D. ossicles, perilymph, tympanic membrane, endolymph, hair cells
B. hair cells
C. taste cells
D. bipolar neurons
216) Which of the following is part of the vascular tunic of the eye?
A. cornea
B. retina
C. choroid
D. sclera
217) When entering a dark room on a sunny day, it takes some time to be able
to see because
A. it takes time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin
B. the rods of the eye work only in bright light, and it takes time for the
cones to develop an action potential in dim light
C. the iris dilates very slowly after being subjected to bright light
D. the optic nerve fatigues in bright light, and takes time to recover
D. perilymph
222) As they extend from the retina to the brain, nerve fibers
A. from the nasal half of each retina cross to reach the opposite visual cortex
B. from the temporal half of each retina cross to reach the opposite visual
cortex
C. from both nasal and temporal portions of the retina cross to reach the
opposite visual cortex
D. travel straight from each retina to the visual cortex, without crossing or
synapsing
224) Aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber into the
A. vitreous body
B. lacrimal duct
C. ciliary processes
D. canal of Schlemm
226) A reflex reaction to loud sounds prevents damage to the inner ear. This
reaction is due to contraction of
A. hair cells
B. tensor tympani & stapedius muscles
C. the Eustachian tube
D. the pinna, allowing it to fold over the external auditory meatus
228) As a result of an injury, a person cannot see at all with the left eye, but
has no trouble seeing with the right eye. The injury has probably severed the
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A. optic chiasm
B. left optic tract
C. left optic nerve
D. right optic nerve
229) Pitch is
A. the frequency of a sound vibration
B. the loudness of a sound
C. the angle light travels through the lens to reach the fovea centralis
D. measured in decibels
232) Sensory stimulation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is conducted by the
A. hypoglossal nerve
B. glossopharyngeal nerve
C. vagus nerve
D. trigeminal nerve
235) In humans, both eyes focus on only one set of objects. This is called
A. constriction
B. refraction
C. binocular vision
D. LASIK
238) The white of the eye, which gives shape to the eyeball, makes it more
rigid, and protects its inner parts is the
A. cornea
B. sclera
C. choroid
D. conjunctiva
239) Most of the refraction of light entering the eye occurs at the
A. conjunctiva
B. cornea
C. lens
D. retina
246) The neural receptors for the sense of hearing are located in the
A. outer ear
B. middle ear
C. inner ear
D. brain
247) High intensity (loud) sounds can cause deafness because they are most
damaging to the
A. hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti
B. secondary tympanic membrane
C. bones of the middle ear
D. tympanic membrane